RU2099314C1 - Method for production of fertilizing and food concentrates and device for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production processes of aerobic microbiological fermentation of organic substances with production of concentrate in the form of fertilizing composts, feed additive for animals, and food products. SUBSTANCE: method includes mixing the components, granulation of mixture and its supply to fermenters where it is aerated with air blown alternately from opposite directions. Simultaneously air space round fermenters is electrically heated with regulation and stabilization of temperature. The device has fermenters made in the form of elastic portable containers connected by their top and bottom to system of active ventilation provided with air ducts in the form of flexible hoses. Formed structure is covered with heat-insulating casing accommodating electric heater unit for heating the air space round fermenters with regulation of temperature and thermostating. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods and devices for the production of fertilizer and food concentrates based on aerobic microbiological fermentation of organic substances. The controlled microbiological process allows to destroy fiber, proteins, fats, carbohydrates of the feedstock, increase the concentration of nutrients easily digestible by higher organisms and plants, disinfect products and solve the problems of their long-term storage.

 The raw materials for production can be either high-quality organic products, for example, meat, fish, milk, fruits, vegetables and others, with the preparation of semi-finished products for human nutrition according to the selected recipe, or the raw materials are organic waste of industrial or agricultural production, based on which, for example , food waste, oilcake, green plant matter, etc. feed additives are produced in the diet of animals, or from manure, bird droppings and other organic waste; effective fertilizers such as composts are produced. The proposed method and device are applicable in all of the above cases.

The prototype of the proposed method and device selected the closest to them in technical essence and the achieved result of the invention using the process of microbiological fermentation of organic waste. The method includes supplying raw materials, mixing it with a sorbent and forming an embankment from the resulting mixture in boxes called fermenters that are equipped with means
downloads in the form of disk throwers;
active ventilation of the embankment from below, from rows of perforated aeration pipes;
utilization of part of the heat resulting from the microbiological process;
loosening the embankment.

 The main disadvantages of the prototype are the uneven aeration of all layers of the fermented mass due to air supply only from below, from individual openings of the aeration pipes, high aerodynamic resistance to air blowing, significant unevenness of the temperature field, large heat losses through the base of the fermenters from the mound formed on their floors.

 In the present invention, the goal is to eliminate the above disadvantages and, as a result, accelerate the process of aerobic microbiological fermentation of organic substances.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method for the production of fertilizer and food concentrates, including dosed supply of components, mixing them, loading the mixed mass into the fermenters, active aeration of the mass with heat recovery and purification of exhaust gases, according to the invention, the mass after mixing, before loading in enzymes are subjected to granulation, and active aeration of the mass is carried out by purging it alternately from opposite directions with simultaneous electrical heating of air a nd round fermenters.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram reflecting the main technological operations of the proposed method. The scheme includes the elements of a dosed supply of components 1, mixing 2, granulating the mixture 3, loading enzymes 4 with it, fermentation 5 provided by active aeration means 6, thermal insulation of the enzymes through the casing 7 and electric heating of the air in the space under the casing with the possibility of its regulation and temperature control 8. According to the scheme, heat recovery 9 and purification of exhaust gases 10 are also carried out.

 Giving the mixture the form of granules provides a uniform distribution of moisture throughout the volume, much greater permeability of the mass for the air flow, and, consequently, a decrease in aerodynamic drag and equalization of speeds.

 In the proposed method, the regime of purging the mass is changed, in each enzyme it is carried out alternately from the bottom and from the top, which makes it possible to saturate both the lower and upper layers more uniformly with oxygen. To equalize the temperature field, electric heating is used with regulation and stabilization of air temperature in the space under the thermally insulating casing around the fermenters.

 In aggregate, the listed measures allows to obtain a microbiological fermentation process that is qualitatively different from that of the method used in the prototype invention. The resulting process is faster, stable and uniform in volume, which has a positive effect on biothermal disinfection, processing depth and product quality, the storage and use of which in granular form creates additional conveniences.

 Using the proposed method and device for its implementation allows to accelerate the process of microbiological fermentation of organic substances by 40.50 percent, compared with the prototype.

 The proposed device for implementing a method for the production of fertilizer and food concentrates, containing one or more fermenters and an active ventilation system of the mixture, according to the invention, has fermenters made in the form of flexible portable containers connected from above and below to the active ventilation system and covered with a heat-insulating casing inside which the unit is installed electric heating of air with regulation and thermostating. The ducts of the active ventilation system are made in the form of elastic sleeves connected to the fermenters using rigid cylindrical couplings.

 In FIG. Figures 2 and 3 show a diagram of the grouping of fermenters 1, hanging them on special vertical posts 2 with connecting air ducts to them from above and below 3, adjusting the direction of the mass blowing through the throttle valve 4. A heat-insulating casing 5 is shown, the halves of which can rotate around the hinge axis 6, the air heater 7 and an electric air heater 8 combined with a temperature control and temperature control unit.

 In a suspended state, the fermenters do not touch the floor and the enclosing structures of the casing, as a result of which the heat loss is sharply reduced compared to the prototype.

 The temperature control unit allows you to maintain the air temperature around the fermenters is not lower than the set and, if necessary, automatically turn on the electric heating.

 The production of fertilizer and food concentrates, in accordance with the proposed method and device, is as follows.

 The initial components are metered into the mixer, mixed and homogenized, after which the mixture enters the granulator from which, in the form of granules, is loaded into portable elastic fermenter containers.

 Filled fermenters are moved to a device that implements the proposed method of fermentation and are suspended on vertical racks on its working platform. Each fermenter is connected from above and below to an active ventilation system. One or a group of fermenters prepared in such a way is covered with a heat-insulating casing and the fermentation process begins, which consists in electrically heating the air inside the heat-insulating casing to a working temperature, followed by temperature control and, simultaneously, blowing the granular mass through the air flow in the fermenters, with its alternating supply from below to above. in accordance with the throttle control program in the supply duct. The exhaust air, under the pressure supplied, is displaced from the fermenters through special valves for one-way flow into the space under the heat-insulating casing and, through a separate duct into the peat layer, which serves as a filter.

 Thanks to electric heating, microbiological fermentation proceeds stably and quickly, with the release of a large amount of heat, and the supply of a sufficient amount of oxygen to both the lower and upper layers of the granular mass contributes to the deep processing of organic matter into finished products.

Claims (3)

 1. A method for the production of fertilizer and food concentrates, including a dosed supply of components, mixing them, loading the mixture into the fermenters, active aeration of the mass with a gas-air mixture, characterized in that the mass is granulated after mixing before loading into the fermenters, and the mass is actively aerated by blowing it alternately from opposite directions with simultaneous electrical heating of the air space around the fermenters.  2. A device for the production of fertilizer and food concentrates, containing fermenters and an active ventilation system of the mixture with air ducts, characterized in that the fermenters are made in the form of flexible portable containers, connected to the active ventilation system of the mixture above and below and covered with a heat-insulating casing inside which the unit is installed electric heating of air with regulation and thermostating.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ducts of the active ventilation system are made in the form of elastic sleeves connected to the fermenters using rigid cylindrical couplings.

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