RU2084108C1 - Root harvesting unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: root harvesting unit has frame 1, foliage grinder 2 formed as cylinder carrying knives 5, and device 7 for extracting roots from soil. Device 7 is positioned behind foliage grinder 7. Knives 5 are pivotally mounted on side surface of foliage grinder 7 along helical line extending from top to the bottom in the direction of rotation of grinder 7. Foliage grinder 7 is formed as truncated cone with smaller end serving as base. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a device for harvesting root crops.

A device for harvesting root crops containing a chopper of tops and a device for extracting root crops from the soil [1]
The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of the separation of impurities, trauma of commercial products, the complexity of the design, as well as the high energy consumption in the technological process of harvesting potatoes.

The closest device to the proposed one is a device for harvesting root crops, containing a frame, a top chopper, made in the form of a drum on which knives are mounted and a device located behind it for extracting root crops from the soil [2]
The disadvantages of this device are the following:
the design of the device does not provide the necessary quality of separating soil impurities from root crops and removing tops from the area of harvested rows of cultivated crops;
high duration (in time and path) of the interaction of the working bodies with the surface of the root and tuber crops during the process, which does not exclude injury to marketable products.

 the design of the device by the nature of the location and the interaction of nodes and mechanisms is relatively complex.

 The purpose of the invention is improving the quality of cleaning root crops from soil and organic impurities and reducing damage to marketable products.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the knives are pivotally mounted on the side surface of the drum along a helical line located from bottom to top in the direction of rotation of the drum, which is made in the form of a truncated cone placed with a smaller base down.

Figure 1 shows a device for harvesting root crops, side view;
figure 2 section aa in figure 1.

 The device comprises a frame-mounted chopper 2 tops mounted on the frame 1, made in the form of a drum, mounted on a vertically located axis 3, gear 4. Knives 5 are pivotally mounted on the sides of the drum 5. A guide casing 6 of chopped tops is mounted behind the drum, behind which there is a tuber extraction device 7 from the soil. It contains a crankshaft 8, a connecting rod 9, a rocker arm 10 and a bearing race 11, on which a tooth comb 12 is fixed.

 Between two symmetrically arranged devices for extracting tubers from the soil, an annular elevator 14 with a divided slide 15 and a loading conveyor 16 are installed on the supports 13.

 The drive of the chopper drum 2, crankshaft 8 and connecting rod 9 with tooth comb 12 is provided from the tractor PTO via gearboxes 4, 17 and chain gear 18. The annular elevator 14 is driven by reaction with the soil.

 The device operates as follows.

 In an aggregate with a tractor, the device is installed over two rows of plants of harvested products so that both tooth combs 12 are above the location of the first bushes of plants, while the speed of the unit and the number of revolutions of the crankshaft 8 are pre-set depending on the distance between the plants in the row.

 When the unit moves, the chopper 2 tops, with knives 5 rotates the tops of plants along the perimeter of the profiled surface of two rows with knives 5 and due to the location of the knives 5, the inertial forces arising at high speeds of rotation of the chopper drum 2 and the guide casing 6 are thrown out of the rows of root crops , in the direction of the previously harvested field section. At the same time, the tooth comb 12, making reciprocating movements, aligning with the next bush of the plant (now without tops), combes the tuberous layer around the bush with the teeth of the comb 12 to the depth of the tubers, removing them from the soil. At the same time, during the process of combing (digging), the main part of the soil and the remains of the tops pass through the gaps between the teeth of the comb 12, the distance between which is set depending on the size of the tubers, and the remaining impurities, together with the potato tubers, are dumped onto the annular elevator 14, which rotates and directs the undermined mass arrived at the separation hill 15, where the tubers are completely separated from impurities that are discharged to the field surface, and the tubers are loaded into the transport means by the loading conveyor 16 wa or containers.

Claims (2)

 1. A device for harvesting root crops, containing the frame, the top chopper, made in the form of a drum on which the knives are mounted, and a device located behind it for extracting root crops from the soil, characterized in that the knives are pivotally mounted on the side surface of the drum along a helical line located from the bottom up along the rotation of the drum, which is made in the form of a truncated cone placed with a smaller base down.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for extracting root tubers from the soil has a pair of combs, symmetrically located longitudinally to the device, and the drives of each of which contain a crankshaft, through a connecting rod connected to a link, mounted on the frame, each comb it is pivotally mounted on one of the drive crankshafts, and its teeth are placed along an arc convex directed from the longitudinal axis of the device, in addition, the distance between the teeth of the comb is less than the size of the middle root root crop.

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