RU1836892C - Combine harvester for root and tuber crops - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in devices for harvesting root crops. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A root harvester harvester comprises toppers, digging knives, active rotary diggers, drum lifting and separating organ, receiving and 2 unloading conveyors, a fan, a receiving tray and a lifting and separating drum. Inside the lift-separating drum there is a fan with a fixed casing, the guide neck of which is facing the upper end of the envelope drum of a bar elevator equipped with a semi-cylindrical air flow reflector. On the way are the mass of root crops descending from the surface of ba. a receiving tray is installed on the raben, the plane of which is crossed with the working surface of the separation slide, which is mounted at an adjustable angle above the receiving conveyor, which is divided by a fixed longitudinal partition into two equal parts in width. 1 C.p. f-ls, 2 ill. (L C

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to devices for harvesting root crops

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of harvesting root crops.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a root club-combine harvester, side view; Fig. 2 is a layout diagram of a fan and its casing inside a drum.

The harvester consists of the following assembly units: two rotary toppers, two digging knives, two rotary diggers with a flexible rim, the first separating elevator, the second elevator, the envelope of the drum behind in the direction of travel, the fan mounted in the inner cavity of the drum, the separation slide, receiving and unloading conveyors.

The topper has elastic pests 1 fastened in the lower part by a common ring 2. The upper ends of the pests are attached to the shell 3, which is driven from the squeeze belt 4 of the rotary digger through a bevel gear 5. The undercut knife 6 is made in the form of a bracket and has two vertical walls, which are closed at the bottom by a share knife.

The rotary digger is made in the form of two identical twin wheels 7, placed at intervals corresponding to the width of the excavated row on the common cylinder 8, bolted to the hub. The hub of the cylinder 8 is mounted on the shaft, - driven by a gearbox 9, through a chain transmission 10.

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The rim of each wheel is a flexible thread (a steel cable in the sheath), mounted on the ends of the fingers 12, pivotally connected to the cylinder 8. The movement of the fingers 12, and with them the flexible rim 11 in the zone of capture of root crops and their ejection is controlled endless tape 4, worn on the guide rollers in such a way that its lower tensioned branch is in contact with the elements connecting the fingers of the same name 12. The return of the fingers 12 to their original position is provided by springs attached to their lower ends.

The arrangement of elevators 13.14 does not differ from the separating bar conveyors of known machines.

The drum 15 has the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of 1.2 meters, a length corresponding to the width of the machine.

On the outer surface of the drum 15, hollow wave-shaped blades 16 of a rubberized belt are placed with a certain interval, between which the surface of the drum is perforated (has holes). Inside the drum 15, a fan 17 is placed, which is enclosed in a fixed casing 18. Opposite the outlet opening of the casing, at the upper end of the bar elevator 14 there is a semi-cylindrical reflector 19. In front of the drum 15, a guide tray 21 is placed above the receiving conveyor 20 and a separation slide 22, equipped with a guide tray (casing) 23. The receiving conveyor 20 is divided by a longitudinal partition 23 into two equal parts in width.

Fig. 2 shows a structural diagram of the fastening of a fixed guide fan casing inside a rotating drum. The casing of the fan 24 by means of brackets 25 and bolts 26 is fixed to a fixed frame 27 mounted on the frame of the combine. On the outer surface of the core 27 on the bearings 28, the hubs 29 of the drum 15 are installed (Fig. 1). The fan shaft passes freely through the bore of the core 27 and is mounted on bearings 32 on a fixed disk 31 attached by bolts 26 to the core 27. A pulley 33 is fixed to the end of the shaft 30.

The harvester works as follows.

During the rotation and translational movement of the topper, the lower part of the tops is subjected to the destructive action of the free ends of pests 1 moving at a high speed.

Separated from the root crops of the lamb under the action of inertial forces are thrown to the side.

Knife 6 cuts the layer of soil with root crops, partially raises and deforms it both in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction. Flexible rings 11, carried by fingers 12. are easily inserted into the loose formation, as the wheels turn further, they converge along the line of the excavated row, clamp the root crops and carry them to the front edge of the bar elevator 13.

Subsequently, the root crops are released from the clamping brook and under the action of inertial forces, gravity and squeezing belt 4 fall on the surface of the bar elevator.

A pile of root crops, captured by the rods of the elevator 14, and then the blades 16 of the drum 15, is carried away in a circular motion. The resulting centrifugal forces squeeze a small fraction of the soil through the gaps of the bar elevator 14.

Root crops with the remaining impurities rise to the top of the drum 15, where they are exposed to the air flow coming from the fan-17. through the perforated surface of the drum. In this case, the fan 17 (Fig. 1) is driven by a belt through the pulley 33, and the drum 15 from the bar elevator 14. The rotation speed of each of them is within the necessary limits. It is independently regulated.

Due to the presence of oval holes in the brackets 25, it is possible to change the position of the casing 24, and at the same time the exit window, thereby controlling the direction of the air flow. The air stream presses the plant debris to the surface of the elevator 14. This is facilitated by the reflector 19. The plant debris is thrown back on the upper descending branch of the elevator 14 ...

The mass of root crops descending from the surface of the drum falls onto the tray 21, and then onto the surface of the separation hill 22. The hill 22 carries with it a small fraction of soil and the remaining plant impurities, which are sent by the tray 23 to the front of the receiving conveyor 22. Root crops, descent Those from the slide 22 fall onto the second half of the conveyor 20, then they arrive at the shipping conveyor 24.

Claims (1)

1. A root harvester harvester containing digging elements, a lifting and separating organ, a receiving and unloading conveyor, a fan and a receiving tray, which are also distinguished by the fact that, in order to increase work efficiency, the lifting and separating organ is made in the form of a rotating drum with blades and a perforated surface and is equipped with a rod conveyor enveloping it, while the fan is located in the drum and mounted in a fixed casing, the guide neck of which is facing the upper end of the envelope bar ban rod elevator equipped with a semi-cylindrical reflector of the air flow. 0 2, The harvester according to claim 1, with the exception that a separation slide is installed above the receiving conveyor, placed at an adjustable angle, while the receiving tray and the working surface of the separation hill are located in intersecting planes, and the receiving conveyor is equipped with a longitudinal partition. 54 1316 8 gz 22 m // 17 15/618 7 K / J 23 20 M figure 1 K Cxi G CM CNJ s €