RU2075282C1 - Dry fodder grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: grinder has cylindrical housing 1 with charging window 2 and discharge window 3, drum 8 mounted within housing 1, grinding hammers 9 pivotally secured on drum 8. Guiding flanges 10 extending in helical line on inner surface of housing 1 are adapted to carry detachable shear knives 11. Position of knives 11 in vertical plane may be adjusted. Number of shear knives 11 and their position in vertical plane depend on kind of fodder to be ground. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and improved quality of ground fodder. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for grinding dry feed.

 Known straw chopper for combine harvesters [1] containing a frame, a feeding device, a crushing drum, a deck with contradictions, an exciting drum and a drive.

 A disadvantage of the known chopper is the insufficient degree of grinding.

 Known feed chopper [2] comprising a housing equipped with loading and unloading windows, inside of which is installed a drum with knives and a deck with rows of opposing elements and a feeding device adjacent to the boot window of the casing.

 A disadvantage of the known feed mill is the large metal consumption, low process reliability during the processing of dry roughage.

 Known chopper roughage [3] containing a frame, a drive and a grinding chamber, which houses a chopping drum with articulated hammers and a deck with rows of opposing elements.

 The disadvantage of this grinder is the high energy intensity due to the large contact area of the material during the interaction of knives and contradictions involved simultaneously in the cutting process. In addition, between the rows of opposing elements on the surface of the deck, an unmilled mass accumulates, which closes the cutting edges of the contradictions, worsening the grinding conditions of the mass entering the chamber.

 Closest to the technical nature of this invention is a rotary mower-grinder [4] adopted as a prototype, containing a drum with pivotally mounted crushing hammers, enclosed in a casing, on the inner surface of which helical flanges made in a helical spiral are located.

 A disadvantage of the known rotary mower-grinder is the low quality of grinding of the feed product, because helical guiding flanges have little effect on the grinding process.

 To eliminate the noted deficiencies in the proposed grinder of dry roughage on the guide flanges are fixed removable opposing plate, adjustable in height.

 Figure 1 shows a grinder of dry roughage, top view; in FIG. 2 section along aa of figure 1; figure 3 shows the place 1 of figure 2.

 The proposed shredder of dry roughage (straw, corn stalks, sorghum-Sudan grass, hay of any grass, etc.) contains a cylindrical casing 1 with a loading window 2 and an unloading window 3. The feeding device 4 is adjacent to the loading window 2, made in the form of an endless traction body, and to the discharge window 3 of the casing adjoins the discharge device 5, made in the form of a pipeline, the output of which is installed cyclone 6.

 In front of the loading window 2, a loosening beater 7 is installed above the upper branch of the feeding device 4.

 Inside the casing 1 there is a drum 8 with pivotally mounted crushing hammers 9. On the inner surface of the casing along the perimeter there are guiding flanges 10 made on a helical spiral with a certain pitch, on which removable opposing plates 11 are mounted, adjustable in height. The number of opposing plates and their height are set depending on the type of processed culture.

 The chopper can be driven from the power plant’s PTO when processing feed near storage facilities (hay bales, straw and other materials), or from an electric motor when the chopper is working in feed processing lines.

 The chopper works as follows: for example, in a mobile version with power from the PTO drive, the chopper is transported to the storage site of dry roughage (to hay, straw and other feed product). From the stack, the mass is taken out with a tractor loader and fed portionwise to the chopper feed device 4, with the help of which the feed product is fed to the loosening bit 7, which preliminary loosens the portion of feed and directs it through the loading window 2 of the casing 1 to the hammer drum 8. Hammers 9 of the drum 8 capture the mass and, under the action of centrifugal forces and air flow, press it against the inner surface of the rotor casing and screw-shaped guide flanges with the counter plates. Since between the directions of motion of the rotor hammers and the mass layer moving along the opposing plates, an angle Φ is formed equal to or slightly larger than the angle of friction of the feed on the steel surface, then the mass is chipped off by the end edge of the drum hammer and the mass layer remaining on the casing surface is moved along the screw-like contradicting plates along the axis of the casing in the direction of placement of the discharge window 3 of the casing. In the process of moving the mass relative to helical opposing plates, it repeatedly falls under the influence of drum hammers and is crushed to the required particle sizes.

 The ground mass is discharged through the pipeline and enters the cyclone, from which the ground mass is discharged into the vehicle.

 Thus, the proposed dry feed chopper can improve the quality of grinding dry feed.

 The proposed technical solution does not adversely affect the environment, such as dust, due to the setting of the cyclone.

Claims (1)

 A dry feed chopper containing a drum with articulated crushing hammers, enclosed in a cylindrical casing, on the inner surface of which there are guiding flanges made in a helical spiral, characterized in that removable opposing plates fixed in height are fixed on the guiding flanges.

Images