RU2072497C1 - Sighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sighting aids to weapon complexes. SUBSTANCE: the sighting device has a control panel, optical forming system with the tied in sighting mark forming unit, power source, sighting mark brightness variation unit, sighting mark lighting unit and target range unit; the first input of the sighting mark brightness variation unit is connected to the power source output, the first output of the control panel is connected to the input of the optical forming system, and the second output is connected to the input of the target range unit, the third output is connected to the input of the sighting mark lighting unit, and the fourth output- to the second input of the sighting mark brightness variation unit. The sighting device additionally uses a time lead sensor, series-connected periodic signal generator, adjustment unit and an adder, as well as a series- connected sensor of the guided missile type, divider, additional adder, controlled switch and a time relay; the first output of the time relay is connected to the second input of the sighting mark lighting unit, the second and third inputs of the controlled switch are connected to the second outputs of the control panel and time relay, respectively; the second inputs of the divider and additional adder are connected to the outputs of the target range unit and time lead sensor, respectively; and the first input of the periodic signal generator and second input of the adjustment unit are connected to the third output of the control panel. EFFECT: improved conditions of observation in the final stage of missile guidance, enhanced accuracy of fire. 1 dwg

Description

 The device relates to means of aiming weapon systems.

 A device for aiming the armament complex of the T-62 tank is known (see Guidance on the material part and operation of the T-62 tank, M. Voenizdat, 1968, p. 195-210). In this complex, when shooting from a place on a fixed target, aiming is carried out by combining the center of the target with an aiming mark, which, if necessary, can be highlighted, and changing the range is taken into account by moving the aiming mark by a certain angular value in the vertical plane before the shot. This creates the necessary angular mismatch between the aiming mark and the weapon (the axis of the barrel channel), which ensures uniformity of aiming (combining the center of the target and the aiming mark). However, this sighting device is characterized by disadvantages. When shooting under conditions other than normal (firing on the move, at a moving target, in a crosswind, etc.), you have to make corrections to the position of the aiming mark relative to the center of the target or use one of the auxiliary aiming indices on the side corrections scale. In this case, the uniformity of aiming is violated, its accuracy decreases, and at the same time, the firing efficiency drops sharply.

 A device for aiming is also known (see, for example, “Armament of the T-72 tank” / Edited by V.M. Shishkovsky M. VA BTV, 1979, pp. 74-91; Kotovsky V.I. et al. “Arms course” tanks ", M. VABTV, 1967, S. 311-358), which is the prototype of the proposed device. It contains a gunner’s control panel, an optical forming system with an aiming mark forming unit, a power supply, an aiming mark brightness changing unit, an aiming mark illumination unit and a target range unit, while the first input of the aiming mark brightness changing unit is connected to the output of the power supply , the first output of the gunner’s control panel is connected to the input of the optical forming system, the second output with the input of the range unit, the third with the input of the backlight unit, and the fourth with orym input of changes in the brightness of the aiming mark.

 This device compares favorably with the widely used sighting devices in serial fire control systems. In this device, the gunner combines the aiming mark with the center of the target with each aiming, thereby achieving uniformity of aiming, and corrections for deviation of the shooting conditions from normal are introduced into the weapon position relative to the aiming mark, and not vice versa. In addition, to facilitate the detection of the aiming mark in adverse shooting conditions (poor visibility, dust and light noise, etc.), it is highlighted. The possibility of combining the aiming mark with the center of the target when aiming, introducing amendments to the position of the weapon relative to the aiming line, and highlighting the aiming mark provide uniformity and improve conditions when aiming. As a result, aiming accuracy and firing efficiency are increased.

 However, this device (prototype) also has disadvantages. Despite the uniformity of aiming when firing at various targets, the gunner must keep the aiming mark on the target (at the aiming point) for a long time (at least 3 s.), Which is necessary to enter the required amendments into the weapon position. This time is even longer if firing is carried out by guided missile. For example, when firing a guided missile at maximum range, the gunner is forced to hold the aiming mark on the target for more than 15 seconds. (see, for example, Latukhin A.N. Antitank weapons, M. Voenizdat, 1974, p. 192-235). Such an aiming, despite the fact that it is more accurate and simpler than in the T-72 tank, causes an increased tension of the gunner, in particular, his visual apparatus, which very often leads to the loss of the target or aiming mark (even with its illumination) in conditions the effects of dust interference, light interference, especially on colorful backgrounds of various interference, light interference, especially on colorful backgrounds of different brightness. The situation is further exacerbated if the physical condition of the gunner for some reason does not meet the required (wound, fatigue, stressful breakdowns, etc.).

 The aim of the present invention is to improve conditions and increase noise immunity and accuracy of aiming.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known device a temporary lead sensor, a serially connected periodic signal generator, an adjustment unit and an adder, as well as a serially connected sensor of the guided missile type, a divider, an additional adder, a controllable switch and a time relay, the first relay output is introduced time is connected to the second input of the reticle marking unit, the second and third inputs of the managed switch are connected to the second outputs of the control panel vodchika and timer, the second inputs of the divider and additional adder connected to outputs of respectively target range block and sensor temporary institution, and the first periodic signal generator input and a second input of adjustment connected to the third output gunner's control panel.

 The drawing shows a diagram of the proposed device (new elements and connections are shown in broken lines, the prototype is in solid lines): 1 periodic signal generator (GPS), 2 periodic signal adjustment unit (BR), 3 brightness change unit (BII), 4 power supply (IP) 5 - adder (C), 6 managed switch (CC), 7 additional adder (Сд), 8 divider (:), 9 reticle marking unit (BPPM), 10 time relay (RV), 11 time-delay sensor (TLD) ), 12 guided missile type sensor (DTR), 13 gunner (N), 14 reticle formation unit (BF) PM), 15 optical forming system (OFS), 16 target (C), 17 target range unit (BDC), 18 gunner control panel (PUN).

 Blocks 3, 4, 9, 14, 15 and 18 are standard elements of the prototype and are used in the proposed technical solution without any design changes. The design of blocks 5 8 is widely known in the scientific and technical literature (see, for example, Korneev V.V. et al. Electrical automation and electrical equipment of tanks, part 1, M. VABTV, 1964, pp. 19-104, 191-220; Encyclopedia of Cybernetics, vol. 1, Kiev, 1975, p. 254-256). The same applies to blocks 1 and 2. The time relay (block 10) provides a delay in transmitting the signal from the managed switch 6 to block 9. In this case, the delay time is determined by the value of the signal coming from block 6. In addition, the time relay provides a delay in the signal time. coming from its second output to the third input of a managed switch. The design of a time relay is also widely known (see, for example, Sinelnikov A.Kh. Electronic time relays, M. Energia, 1974, pp. 101-129, 148-162, 172-181; Phelps R. 750 practical electronic circuits. Reference manual, translated from English by M. MIR, 1986, p. 347, 440-454, 462, etc.).

 The temporary lead sensor 11 is made on the basis of a voltage divider (see, for example, Korneev V.V. et al. Fundamentals of automation and tank automatic systems. Textbook. M. VABTV, 1976. p. 134-136) with a switch and a pointer (scale) appropriate lead time. A guided missile type sensor (bl. 12) is also made on the basis of a voltage divider with a switch and a rocket pointer of the corresponding type. The signal at the output of the sensor corresponds to the speed of the guided missile. The target range block (bl. 17) is made similar to regular range blocks by laser rangefinders (see, for example, Orlov V. A. Lasers in military equipment. M. Voenizdat, 1976, p. 43-72). After measuring the range of the signal from the output of block 18, the output 17 generates a signal proportional to the measured range.

The proposed device for aiming as follows. The gunner 13, having turned on the fire control system (including blocks 1,2,4,9,14 and 18), observes the battlefield through the block of formation of the aiming mark 14 and the optical forming system 15, conducts reconnaissance of targets and selects a specific one of them (target 16) for defeat. Then, using the gunner’s control panel 18 and the optical forming system 15, combines the aiming point on the target with the aiming mark formed in block 14. In the prototype, the aiming mark is applied to a glass plate in the shape of a square with the apex of which the aiming point coincides when aiming. In a number of other sighting devices, the sighting mark can be formed electronically. In this case, its image is formed on the screen of a cathode ray tube (or a television tube) and is introduced into the gunner’s field of view using optical refractive devices (see, for example, I. Guglin. Television gaming machines and simulators. M. Radio and communications, 1982). In modern sights, a change in the brightness of the illumination of the reticle is achieved by changing the suspension voltage, for which an adjustable resistance is included in the power circuit of the backlight (see, for example, the Ural Tank, TO and IE. Book 1 M. Voenizdat, 1975, 304 p. .). In the same way, the brightness of the reticle is changed in block 6 of the proposed device. In the future (during the entire process of guidance of one rocket), the signal at the output of block 3 remains constant. To obtain the variable component of the backlight signal, block 1 (periodic signal generator) is used. At the same time, its parameters (amplitude and frequency) are set using block 2, since for different gunners they (parameters) are different. As a result of studies, it was found that the ratio between the time of the visible tv and the invisible (without illumination) t _n state of the aiming mark has a significant effect on the accuracy of aiming. The highest results were obtained with t _in / (t _in + t _n ) 0.4 0.8 and a frequency of brightness changes of 0.5 to 3 Hz.

Having combined the reticle with the target, the gunner measures the range to target 16 by pressing the range measurement button on the gunner’s control panel 18. A signal proportional to the measured range is generated in the range block of the target 17 and fed to the divider 8, the second input of which receives a signal from rocket type sensor 12, proportional to the speed of the guided missile. Thus, a signal is generated at the output of block 8, which is proportional to the flight time of the guided missile to the target at the measured range. In block 7 (additional adder), this signal is summed with the signal of block 11 (temporary lead sensor), which corresponds to the time interval from the moment the backlight turns off until the guided missile approaches the target. The signals at the outputs of blocks 8 and 11 are opposite in sign, and the signal value at the output of block 11 is set manually by the gunner with a switch on its body, based on the one hand, from the need to ensure high reliability of the backlight off precisely before the guided missile approaches the target, thereby compensating for fluctuation errors in generating a signal at the output of block 8, and another taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular gunner. As a rule, the value of the signal at the output of block 11 corresponds to a time interval of 1-2 s. The total signal from the output of the unit is fed to the first input of the managed switch 6, the contacts of which are open in the normal state, which ensures that the time relay 10 is disconnected from the additional adder 7. The managed switch is triggered by pressing the firing button on the gunner’s control panel 18 and launching the guided missile. When the managed switch 6 is activated, the total signal from block 7 is fed to the input of the time relay, which provides the shutter speed:
t _c1 D _i / V t _{ur simp,}
where t _in1 time delay from the moment you press the shooting button to turn off the backlight; D _c to the goal; V _{ur the} speed of the guided missile, and then transmits a signal to the third input of the illumination unit of the reticle to turn off the backlight. Some time after the backlight is turned off in block 9, it is equal to t _b2 t _control + t _p , where t _{p is} the correction time for the inaccuracy of determining the value of D _c / V _ur (t _p ≈ 0.2 0.5 s), from the second relay input time 10, a signal is supplied to the third input of the managed switch to turn it off. Simultaneously with the shutdown of the managed switch 6, the signal is also removed from the third input of block 9, due to which the illumination of the aiming mark is resumed.

 In the process, the additional adder 7 is reset by pressing the "Reset range" button on the gunner’s control panel 18 and setting the switch of unit 11 to the zero position. With a new range measurement, the value of the signal coming from the output of block 8 to the first input of the additional adder 7 changes in accordance with the measured range. The aiming device is turned off in the reverse order.

 In the proposed device achieved a significant positive effect. Due to the periodic change in the brightness of the reticle during the process of aiming, its detection on colorful backgrounds of different brightness is greatly facilitated. In this case, a change in brightness according to a certain (obviously known) law, for example, sinusoidal, makes it easier for the gunner to keep track of it (thanks to adaptation), and on the other hand, reduces the degree of screening of the target image by it (at the moments of brightness reduction). By adjusting both the amplitude and frequency of the brightness change, the gunner can choose the optimal mode for changing the brightness of the reticle, taking into account real conditions.

 The termination of the illumination of the aiming mark at the most critical moment, before the guided missile approaches the target, provides further improvement of the conditions for observing the target in the final phase of guiding the guided missile at the target, due to the exclusion of cases when the maximum brightness of the aiming mark is reached when the missile reaches the target. In experimental firing, the standard deviation of the aiming mark from the aiming point at the final stage of guided missile guidance decreased by 10-12%, which increases accuracy by 8-10%. In addition, tracking the target in the final phase of guiding the missile becomes easier, ammunition consumption is reduced by solution of fire tasks.

Claims (1)

An aiming device comprising a gunner control panel, an optical forming system with an aiming mark forming unit coupled thereto, a power supply, an aiming mark brightness changing unit, an aiming mark illumination unit and a target range unit, wherein the first input of the aiming mark brightness changing unit is connected to the output of the power source, the first output of the gunner's control panel is connected to the input of the optical forming system, the second output is connected to the input of the range unit, the third
with the input of the illumination block of the reticle, and the fourth with the second input of the block for changing the brightness of the reticle, characterized in that it incorporates a time-delay sensor, series-connected periodic signal generator, adjustment unit and adder, also series-connected guided missile type sensor, divider, an additional adder, a controlled switch and a time relay, while the first output of the time relay is connected to the second input of the backlighting unit, the second and third inputs of the controlled the switch is connected to the second outputs of the gunner’s control panel and time relay, the second inputs of the divider and the additional adder are connected to the outputs of the target range unit and the time-delay sensor, respectively, and the first input of the periodic signal generator and the second input of the adjustment unit are connected to the third output of the gunner’s control panel.