RU2067279C1 - Method of weapon laying on moving air targets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire by antiaircraft weapon against moving air targets. SUBSTANCE: weapon barrel is first turned about vertical axis in the direction of target, then the barrel vertical axis is inclined until horizontal line of sight cross-hairs is matched with observed target flight path; then the weapon barrel is turned about inclined vertical axis until vertical line of the sight cross-hairs is matched with the target. EFFECT: facilitated procedure. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods of firing at a moving aerial target, when the sighting device is directly mounted on a weapon, or is connected with an electric control weapon. The invention can be used for light automatic weapons and automatic guns of small caliber, which are used in stationary installations with rotation and a change in the angle of inclination to the horizon with manual or automatic drives.

 Known automatic weapons, which has the purpose of introducing targeted fire at ground or water targets (small arms, such as AK). The target has a relatively low speed at a distance of, for example, from 100 meters or more, so the method of firing is to set a constant height relative to the horizon and rotate the sights combined with weapons around the vertical axis.

The disadvantages of the used method should be considered:
great difficulty in moving the target with a change in height, which dramatically reduces efficiency;
decreased efficiency when moving the target at a significant speed along the horizon with a simultaneous change in height.

 A known method of firing at an aerial target from an automatic weapon by turning on a gunner’s rack with a weapon with a change in the angle of inclination of the weapon in the trunnions with manual or automatic control.

 Such systems are used in air defense on light military vessels. They contain a rotary device with a seat for the gunner, a weapon in the form of a machine gun caliber (one or more) or a rapid-firing gun. The sighting device is rigidly connected to the weapon, and the gunner, by combining the crosshairs of the sight with an air target, defeats the target, taking into account the lead and change of the rotation angle around the horizontal axis and in the vertical plane by changing the angle of inclination to the horizontal. In the described method, a spherical coordinate system of the weapon is used, which makes the use of the described method ineffective, because the gunner must track the parameters in large numbers and with considerable speed.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of targeted shooting at a moving air target when missiles are ineffective, for example, at a low altitude of maneuver of an aircraft.

 The goal is achieved by turning the axis of rotation until the horizontal mark coincides with the trajectory of the air target. In fact, the system of Cartesian rectangular coordinates is rotated by an angle, which ensures the combination of the trajectory of the movement of an air target (hereinafter the aircraft) with the angle of rotation, or, which is the same thing, the combination with the plane of the pressure vector of the aircraft. After such a combination, it is enough for the gunner to rotate around the accumulated axis along the trajectory, catching up or waiting for the target to hit it, and you do not need to take into account corrections for the speed of the aircraft, and the gunner deals with only one angle parameter. It is the latter circumstance that makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of hitting a target.

 Figure 1 presents a structural diagram of an existing device; in FIG. 2 proposed devices; figure 3 guidance scheme on existing devices; in Fig.4 guidance scheme on the proposed device. Identical elements of both devices have the same designation.

 The weapon 1 is mounted on a rotary stand 2 with the possibility of changing the angle β. The seat 3 is attached to the rack 2. The seat 3 in figure 2 should be made with a higher back and a seat belt to fix the gunner when turning the rack 2 (not shown conditionally). The rack 2 has a drive for its rotation 4. The rack 2 in the existing installation schemes is movably connected to the support 5, and in the proposed installation scheme there is another rack 6 with a drive for its rotation 7 (angle a) and a hinge 8 with a drive 9 for its rotation through angle g .

 All drives are shown with gears, and the drives themselves can be either manually controlled, electric or some other. The limiting device has an intersection 10, which, when hovering, aligns with aircraft 11. FIG. 3 shows the path 12 of combining the sight with the airplane 11. FIG. 4 shows the path 13 of combining the sight with the airplane.

 The trajectory visible by the plane is 0 0. You can only talk about the observed trajectory of the aircraft 11, because in only one case, the rectilinear nature of the observed trajectory will correspond to the ideal one, moreover, in this case the plane will move along a curved path. That is why the deviation zone of the trajectory that the gunner observes is shown in the form of a scatter zone 01, 02.

, α и , β и

, х и

, y и

. Всего 10 параметров, которые в процессе производства стрельбы меняются и должны отслеживаться наводчиком. Для осуществления предлагаемого способа производят начальную установку путем поворота системы от привода 7 в положение примерно, чтобы движение самолета было наблюдаемо на предлагаемом участке поражения. Затем наклоняют систему от привода 9 до совпадения наблюдаемой траектории 0 0 с горизонтальной меткой перекрестья 10, фактически поворачивает систему координат X Y на угол γ, как показано на фиг.4 до X1₁ - Y₁. Далее перемещают вдоль траектории 0 0 прицел с оружием, изменяя угол a. Если наблюдается смещение траектории движения самолета 11 в указанной зоне (01 до 02), то меняет (корректируют) угол b, но эти перемещения незначительно, с малой амплитудой, поэтому их влияние будет несущественно.When using the existing guidance method on existing installations, the following parameters are changed: r (radius),

, α and , β and

, x and

, y and

. Only 10 parameters that change during the shooting process and should be monitored by the gunner. To implement the proposed method, an initial installation is made by turning the system from the actuator 7 to a position approximately so that the movement of the aircraft is observed at the proposed site of destruction. Then the system is tilted from the drive 9 until the observed trajectory 0 0 coincides with the horizontal mark of the crosshairs 10, in fact, it rotates the coordinate system XY by the angle γ, as shown in Fig. 4 to X1 ₁ - Y ₁ . Then the weapon sight is moved along the 0 0 path, changing the angle a. If there is a shift in the trajectory of the aircraft 11 in the indicated zone (01 to 02), then it changes (corrects) the angle b, but these movements are insignificant, with a small amplitude, so their influence will be insignificant.

,

,

,

равны нулю.The initial settings will be g, a, Y _o , b, which will not change during firing, i.e.

,

,

,

equal to zero.

, ρ,

. Всего 4 параметра вместо 10 в существующем способе. Даже если учесть изменение β будет только пять параметров. Именно это обстоятельство позволяет повысить эффективность поражения цели. Кроме этого, фактически движение самолета сводится после поворота на угол g к одинаковому характеру движения цели во всех случаях и с возможностью выработки устойчивых навыков поражения цели, а сейчас каждый случай является оригинальным в особенности с учетом поправок.Variable parameters will be: α,

, ρ,

. Only 4 parameters instead of 10 in the existing method. Even if we take into account the change in β, there will be only five parameters. It is this fact that makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of hitting a target. In addition, in fact, the movement of the aircraft is reduced after turning through the angle g to the same character of the target’s movement in all cases and with the possibility of developing sustainable skills to hit the target, and now each case is original, especially taking into account amendments.

 The easiest way to implement the offer on weapons in the form of a machine gun. The invention allows to achieve the goal to increase efficiency by reducing the parameters that change during the shooting process, and the installation retains all the properties existing for special cases of use. YYY2

Claims (1)

 A method of aiming a weapon along a moving air target, which consists in turning the weapon barrel around the vertical and horizontal axes to align the crosshair of the sight with a target, characterized in that the weapon barrel is first rotated around the vertical axis in the direction of the target, then the vertical axis of the weapon barrel is tilted to align the horizontal crosshair lines of the sight with the observed trajectory of the target’s flight, after which the weapon barrel is rotated around an inclined vertical axis until the vertical line is crossed I aimed with a target.

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