RU2062981C1 - Range finder - techeometer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: geodetic instrumentation, invention can be used in mining surveying, geodesy, construction industry. SUBSTANCE: range-finder - techeometer includes generator 1 of scale marks, radiator 2, two commutators 3, 19, photodetector 4, heterodyne 5, amplifier- former 6, pulse generator 7, key 8, time-setting divider 9, frequency divider 10, computing unit 11, indicator 12, two logic elements 13, 14, two counters 15, 16, two registers 17, 18, two converters 20, 21 of angular position. EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities thanks to automatic measurement of direction to reflector. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of geodetic instrument engineering and can be used for measurements in surveying, geodesy, construction.

 A device for measuring distance, comprising a generator of scale frequencies, a radiator, a switch of the measuring and reference channels, a photodetector, a local oscillator, an amplifier driver and a digital phase meter containing a generator of calculating pulses, a key, a trigger, two logic elements, a generator of control pulses, the output of the trigger is connected with an electronic key, and the inputs are connected to the outputs of the logic elements, the inputs of which are connected to the amplifier-driver and the generator of control pulses / 1 /.

 The disadvantage of this device is the limited functionality due to the inability to automatically measure the direction of the reflector.

 The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality by automatically measuring the direction to the reflector.

 The goal is achieved in that the range finder-tacheometer contains a generator of scale frequencies, an emitter connected to the output of the generator of scale frequencies, a local oscillator, a switch, a photodetector, the first and second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the switch and the local oscillator, respectively, an amplifier-former, the first and second logic elements , the first inputs connected to the outputs of the amplifier-driver, serially connected pulse generator key and the first counter, the first input of which is connected to the output of the key, decisive the first block, the timing divider, the first and second registers, the information inputs of which are respectively connected to the outputs of the first and second counters, and the outputs with the first and second inputs of the decisive block, the frequency divider, the input connected to the output of the scale generator, and the first and second outputs to the second inputs of the first and second logic elements, respectively, and the input of the time-divider is connected to the output of the pulse generator, and the outputs with the control inputs of the switch, key, first and second counters of watts the first inputs of the first and second registers of the decision block, the output of which is connected to the indicator input, the outputs of the first and second logic elements are connected to the second inputs of the first and second counters, respectively, and the third inputs of the first and second registers are connected to the outputs of the time divider, the second switch, inputs connected to the outputs of the first angular position transducer, a photodetector, the second angular position transducer and a time-divider, and the output with an amplifier-former.

 Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the range finder-tacheometer.

 2, timing diagrams explaining its operation.

 Figure 3 is a block diagram of the operation algorithm of the crucial unit.

 The total station-tacheometer contains a generator of scale frequencies 1, connected to the emitter 2 by an output, a switch 3, connected to the input of the photodetector 4, the input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator 5, amplifier-former 6, pulse generator 7, connected to the key 8 input by the output, timing divider 9, frequency divider 10, deciding unit 11, indicator 12, first and second logic elements 13.14, first and second counters 15.16, first and second registers 17.18, second switch 19, first and second angular position converters 20 , 21. The input of the time-divider 9 is connected to the output of the pulse generator 7 and the outputs with the inputs of the switch 3, key 6, the first and second counters 15.16, the second inputs of the first and second registers 17, 18, the decision block 11, the output of which is connected to the input of the indicator 12, the outputs of the first and second logic elements 13.14 are connected to the second inputs of the first and second counters 15.16, respectively, and the third inputs of the first and second 17.18 registers are connected to the outputs of the time divider 9. The inputs of the first and second counters 15.16 are connected to key output 8.

 The frequency divider 10 input connected to the output of the scale generator, and the first and second outputs to the second inputs of the first and second logic elements, respectively. The second switch 19 inputs connected to the inputs of the first Converter angular position 20, the photodetector 4, the second Converter angular position 21, the timing divider 9, and the output of the input of the amplifier-driver 6, the output of which is connected to the first and second logical elements 13,14.

 The device operates as follows.

 The generator of scale frequencies generates a high-frequency oscillation, which modulates the emitter 2. The modulated light flux can come in two ways: directly to the first input of the switch 3 and after reflection from the object to the second input of the switch 3.

The switch 3 due to the commands received at the control input of the time-divider 9 alternately connects the outgoing and incoming signals to the photodetector 4
Photodetector 4 converts these signals to frequency F using the frequency of the local oscillator stand 5 so that through the second switch 19, sinusoidal packets of frequency F arrive at the input of the amplifier-former 6, converted to rectangular pulses (Fig. 2, ep 1 /) the first inputs of the first and second logic elements 13 and 14.

 The duration of the packs is equal to the measurement time and is set from the time-setting divider 9.

 The second inputs of the first and second logic elements 13 and 14 receive pulses from the frequency divider 10 / Fig. 2 ep 2 and 3 /, the frequency of which is equal to the frequency of the measured signal, and their mutual shift is a quarter of the period: the pulses are reference, relative to them is determined the phase shift of the signal from the output of the switch 3. The first and second logic elements 13 and 14 implement the function of multiplying the input signals, the result / burst of pulses / is used to control the operation of the counters 15.16 / Fig.2, ep 4 and 5 /.

 The counters 15 and 16 receive these groups and determine the total number of counting pulses in them, arriving during the time determined by the time of the command received at the first inputs from key 8/2, ep 6 /.

 The control inputs of the first and second counters 15 and 16 receive pulses from the time-divider 9, bringing the counters 15 and 16 to their original state / Fig.2 ep.7 /.

At time t ₂ there is a parallel rewriting of the contents of the counters 15.16 in registers 17.18 and then the counters are reset to zero / Fig.2, ep.7.8 /. Registers 17,18 can be made shift with parallel recording and subsequent sequential shift of the information of its counters 15,16 to the inputs of the decisive block 11, because the processing time is usually. large enough / FIG. 2, ep. 10.11.9 /. The pulses (Fig. 2, ep 12) from the time-divider 9 arrives at the decisive unit 11, synchronizing its operation.

где: А,В числа, накопленные в счетчиках 15,16 соответственно;
N суммарное количество импульсов генератора 7 за время постоянного наблюдения /t₂-t₁/.The phase shift needed to determine the distance, stored in the decision block 11, the difference between the phase shifts obtained in the measurement mode and the calibration Φ _and Φ _k / FIG. 2, ep 13 /, which differ only in the "position" of switch 3:
Φ _r = Φ _and -Φ _k
where Φ _and Φ _{k are} defined as:

where: A, B numbers accumulated in the counters 15.16, respectively;
N the total number of pulses of the generator 7 during the constant observation / t ₂ -t ₁ /.

где: l- длина волны:
m целое число длин волн до объекта.The distance is defined as:

where: l- wavelength:
m is an integer number of wavelengths to the object.

The duration of the observation time / t ₂ -t ₁ / and the number of measurement cycles m is determined in a particular case, based on the required accuracy.

In order to ensure automatic total station shooting, the device determines the direction to the reflector by automatically measuring the horizontal and vertical angles. For this, after the time of measuring the distance r / Fig. 2, ep 13 / by the control signal from the timing divider 9, the second switch 19 connects the output of the first angular position transducer 20 to the input of the amplifier-former 6 and the harmonic signal with a frequency F from the output of the first angular transducer position 20 is fed to amplifier shaper 6. in accordance with the above-described operation of the device, for example in the calibration mode at decision block 11 is determined by v _z phase shift whose value is measured HORIZONTAL Nome corner of the reflector. Then, the control signal from the timing divider 9, the second switch 19 connects the output of the second transducer of the angular position 21 with the input of the amplifier-former 6, which receives a harmonic signal with a frequency F from the output of the second transducer of the angular position 21. In accordance with the above-described operation of the device in the solving unit 1 / Fig. 3/, a phase shift Φ _in is determined, the value of which is equal to the deformed vertical angle to the reflector. The duration of the cycle of the device is equal to the sum of the time measuring the phase shifts Φ _k , Φ _u , Φ _g , Φ _c .
The generator 1 of the scale frequencies is a crystal oscillator at a frequency of a few tens of MHz.

 The switch 3 in the simplest case can be made in the form of a mechanical lens flap with a reflective inner surface.

 The photodetector 4 contains, in addition to a photocell with an amplifier, a mixer for dozens of MHz and a filter for a metric frequency (for example, 10 kHz).

 Amplifier-shaper 6 is a limiter and elements of coordination with logic circuits.

 The time divider 9 is made either on the shift registers, or on the counters or on the counters and PLM / or ROM /. Timing diagrams at its outputs are shown in figure 3 ep 7,8,9,10,11,12.

The frequency divider 10 is constructed so that the signals at its outputs are equal in frequency, but shifted by 90 ^o . YYY2

Claims (1)

 A range finder-tacheometer containing a generator of scale frequencies with an output connected to the emitter, the first switch connected to one input of the photodetector, the other input of which is connected to the output of the local oscillator, and the output connected to the input of the amplifier-former, the first and second logic elements connected by one input with the output of the amplifier-driver, and other inputs connected to the corresponding outputs of the driver of the control pulses, series-connected pulse generator, key and first counter, indie a cathode, characterized in that the control pulse generator is made in the form of a frequency divider, the input of which is connected to the output of the scale generator, and a second switch is inserted into it, through which the output of the photodetector is connected to the input of the amplifier-former, the first and second angular position converters, with outputs connected to the second and third inputs of the second switch, the first register, the first input connected to the output of the first counter, the first input of which is connected to the output of the first logic element, A second counter connected to the output of the second logic element with a first input, a second register, a first input connected to the output of the second counter, a deciding unit, first and second inputs connected to the outputs of the first and second registers, and an output with an indicator input, and a timing divider, the input of which connected to another output of the pulse generator, and the outputs are connected to the second and third inputs of the first and second registers, controlling the inputs of the first and second switches, key, decision block, first counter and second count tchika, the second input of which is connected to an output key.

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