RU2053986C1 - Method for production of organic fertilizer from conifer bark - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture and forestry. SUBSTANCE: conifer bark of continuous storage (above 5 years) is subjected to aeration, screened by sieve with meshes not exceeding 3 mm in linear size, and fine fraction is taken as ready organic fertilizer. EFFECT: increased fertility of soils enriched with offered organic fertilizer from conifer bark for agriculture and forest cultures. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and forestry and can be used to increase soil fertility for agricultural and forest crops.

 A known method of producing organic fertilizer from coniferous bark by mixing lignosulfonates (10-20%) with bark (90-80%), crushed to 3-10 mm, with composting and moistening. Sometimes, a post-yeast mash of sulfite-yeast production is added as a stimulant of decomposition.

 There is also known a method in which the crushed bark is subjected to fermentation in piles with the addition of urea and simultaneous moistening, while the fermentation process is carried out in 2 stages, differing in numerical values of the process parameters.

 There is a known method in which wood bark is mixed with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, the mixture is burdled, composted, and then, after 2-3 weeks, mixed with fresh manure 1: 1, again bursted and composted.

 All of the above methods do not take into account the natural process of decomposition of bark in landfills and can be recommended for obtaining organic fertilizers from fresh waste debarking.

 The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of producing organic fertilizer based on bark of a long shelf life with the addition of excess activated sludge obtained from wastewater treatment of pulp and paper production at biological treatment plants, with the following ratio of components, wt.

Coniferous wood bark with a long shelf life of 10-90
The specified activated sludge 10-90.

 However, this method does not take into account the natural process of decomposition of the crust during prolonged storage in dumps and leads to unnecessary processing of large masses of ready-made organic fertilizers, in particular fractions with a particle size of less than 3 mm.

 The amount of organic fertilizer of a natural formation, called by us korobiogumus, contained in the dumps of the bark of two enterprises of the city of Arkhangelsk, is given in table. 1.

 From the table. 1 it follows that fractions with a particle size of less than 3 mm are 47.25 and 49.74%, respectively.

 These fractions are coprolites of wild earthworms and contain the most valuable organic fertilizer humus, which does not require any additional processing.

 The invention is aimed at improving the efficiency of the method through the use of natural processes of decomposition of the bark.

 This is achieved by the fact that the bark of a long shelf life (more than 5 years) is subjected to aeration and sifting on sieves with openings, the linear size of which is not more than 3 mm, a small fraction of the box humus humus of a natural formation is used as a ready-made organic fertilizer.

 The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that it uses the natural process of decomposition of the cortex by microorganisms and animals (wild earthworms). About 50% of the bark of long-term storage in the form of ready-made fertilizer is immediately excluded from the composting process, moreover, it is of higher quality than in the prototype method, since worm coprolites are richest in humus and biologically active.

 Since none of the known methods for producing organic fertilizer from coniferous bark of a long shelf life takes into account the results of the natural process of decomposition of the bark, the claimed technical solution is new.

 In addition, for specialists this technical solution is unexpected, therefore, it has an inventive step. Otherwise, specialists would not have subjected the finished product to additional processing in order to obtain products of the same type.

 Despite the apparent simplicity, the invention became known from the application materials, and not from the prior art, since the old bark dumps are dead today, nothing grows on them, and it is generally accepted that the bark of a long shelf life is impossible due to a nitrogen deficiency (0 , 6-0.8%) to be used as a fertilizer, but only as a component in the composition. It is believed that the bark is toxic and its introduction into the soil worsens the growth and development of plants.

 There are two parts of the bark of the bast and the crust, which are decomposed at different speeds by microorganisms (fungi and bacteria), and then by worms. The forehead decomposes first, and the crust is protected from rot by suberin. We found that in landfills during long-term storage of bark (more than 3 years), the bast decomposes completely and is processed by earthworms into coprolites up to 3 mm in size. Under the influence of atmospheric precipitation (rain and melt water), they are washed out into the lower layers, the latter become denser, and the process of decay becomes anaerobic, which leads to the formation of methane. The vital activity of microorganisms slows down, and the worms go away. As a result, the second part of the crust of the crust remains non-humified and decomposes in landfills for decades.

 Provided in the inventive method, aeration and sieving on sieves with a diameter of not more than 3 mm, release the waste products of microorganisms and worms from harmful gases and undecomposed bark particles.

 To confirm the feasibility of the invention, an experimental batch of boxy humus production was obtained by the method of separation of bark of long-term storage. The data of agrochemical analysis of the starting material and korobiogumus are given in table. 2.

 According to the requirements for organic fertilizer, the ratio of carbon to total nitrogen (C: N) should be no more than 30. Only korobiohumus fertilizer obtained by the claimed method meets this condition.

 PRI me R. In the greenhouses of the Belomorskoye collective agricultural enterprise, a mixture of bark and bird droppings with the addition of sawdust substrates is used as soil, according to the agrochemical characteristics close to the prototype substrate.

Korobiogumus was introduced into the experimental ridges by mulching at doses of 1 kg / m ² (ridge N 1), 3 kg / m ² (ridge N 2) and 4 kg / m ² (ridge N 3) before planting the seedlings of cucumbers of the "Relay race" variety.

The area of the control and experimental ridges is 7.5 m ² . Growing agricultural technology was provided by greenhouse workers and was the same in all cases.

 Seedlings were planted 02/12/92. The collection of cucumbers began on 03/18/92.

For the period from March 18, 1992 to July 9, 1992, the yield was taken, kg: 122.78 from the control ridge;
with experimental ridges N 1 186.05 N 2 174.90 N 3 162.10
On the experimental ridges, the yield increase was, kg (%): N 1 63,27 (51) N 2 52,12 (42) N 3 39,32 (32).

The efficiency of the introduced korobiogumus for this period was on the ridges, kg / kg: N 1 8.44 N 2 2.32 N 3 1.31
Efficiency is expressed in kg of yield increase per 1 kg of added korobiogumusa.

As of 09.07.92, the yield was, kg / m ² : control ridge 16.37 experimental ridges N 1 24.81 N 2 23.32 N 3 21.61
The optimal dose of Korobiohumus is 1 kg / m ² .

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM CONFERENCE WOOD BARK, including storing it for more than 5 years in dumps, characterized in that the bark is subjected to aeration, then sieved on sieves with openings whose linear size is not more than 3 mm, and the fine fraction is selected as a finished organic fertilizers.

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