RU2249583C2 - Method for production of organic fertilizers from wood bark - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular pulp-and-paper and woodworking industry.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes wood bark grinding, mixing with mineral and/or organic additives; forming a clamp with air channels from the mixture, followed by clamp aeration and mixture decomposition to humus. Air channels in clamp are formed by clamp laying onto core base in parallel of one another and subsequent periodic drawing out thereof by 70 % of core length while filling the next butch of compost mixture in core direction.

EFFECT: decreased cost in steps of clamp forming and composting.

3 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to the production of organic fertilizers from waste debarking wood raw materials. The method can be used in agriculture and in household plots.

A known method of producing organic fertilizers from tree bark by grinding and preparing a mixture with mineral additives (lime, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers) and (or) organic (activated sludge, pig manure, bird droppings, etc.) with further formation from the mixture collar, its aeration and composting for 3-4 months [1-4].

Grinding the crust in known methods is carried out to particles with a size of 5-10 mm using hammer crushers. Lime is added to neutralize the excess acidity of the bark, and mineral and (or) organic additives are used to provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to microorganisms that provide biochemical processing of the bark into humus or humus-like substances. The process of biochemical processing of the cortex occurs under aerobic conditions; therefore, during the formation of the collar, it is possible to aerate it [5], for which

- a shoulder for composting the mixture is poured with a height of not more than 3 m and a width of 6-10 m; without its compaction, or

- perforated pipes or plank boxes for air supply are laid on the base of the shoulder.

The specified [5] method for producing organic fertilizers from the bark has a number of significant drawbacks, namely, when forming a collar without aeration pipes or ducts, it has a cross-sectional area of not more than 6-10 m ² , and therefore excessively large collar areas are required when using this method. At pulp and paper mills with an annual output of 150-200 thousand bulk cubic meters of waste debarking wood and other waste, the required area for the composting site is at least 5-6 ha. Creating a solid base on such an area and ensuring the interception of effluents from precipitation from it requires excessive capital expenditures.

Laying perforated pipes or wooden boxes on the base of the shoulder is also an expensive step, because they are subject to damage by means of mechanization of shipment of finished products, after which they are unsuitable for reuse.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the cost of obtaining organic fertilizers at the stage of formation of the shoulder and composting of the bark.

The problem is achieved in that in a method for producing organic fertilizers from wood bark by grinding, mixing with mineral and (or) organic additives, further forming a collar with air channels from the resulting mixture, aeration of the collar and biochemical processing of the mixture to humus, where according to the invention the formation of air channels is carried out by laying the rods on its base parallel to each other with further periodic extraction of 70% of their length outward as they are filled with a subsequent batch compost mixture in the direction of the rods.

When implementing the invention, it was revealed that when channels are formed in the shoulder of the proposed method, non-shed channels with various cross-sectional shapes are formed in it, in particular round, in the form of an arched opening and wedge-shaped.

The bark, especially conifers, has a fibrous structure of the bast, so after grinding it is a mixture of lamellar or shapeless particles of the crust and oblong particles of the bast. Due to the fact that the bast in the cortex makes up its bulk, when the crushed bark is poured out, the elongated bast particles, as well as flat crust particles, form a strong structure under the action of gravity. This is manifested, for example, in the development of a dump of the bark, when its cut may be vertical or have a negative slope.

Example 1

Wood bark is crushed in the usual way, for example, using hammer crushers, to particles 5-10 mm in size, then mineral and / or organic additives are added to the crushed bark per 1 ton of absolutely dry bark 10-12 kg of nitrogen, 6-8 kg phosphorus, 3-5 kg of potassium and 0.05-2% of microorganisms. Next, the mixture is thoroughly mixed by conventional methods and the shoulder is formed using bulldozers or other vehicles.

A diagram of the process of forming air channels in the shoulder is given in Fig.1 a and b, Fig.2.

The mixture is fed to the site for composting by dump trucks 1, which drive under their own power onto the formed collar and unload the mixture by tipping the body. A bulldozer 2 levels the mixture and forms a compost collar. Before pouring the mixture onto the base of the pile, rods 3 with a cross-sectional area of 0.05-0.15 m ² are laid along or across it after 1-2 m. As the mixture is poured and the rods 3 are closed by it, they are periodically removed (70% of the length) to the outside. The operation of extracting the rods 3 can be performed by a dump truck 1 or a bulldozer 2, moreover, to reduce the complexity, this operation can be performed simultaneously with several rods, connecting them with a traverse.

Next, a short metal or wooden box 4 is laid over the protruding part of the rod, the pile is poured in this place and the rod is pulled out. A short box protruding from the shoulder protects the mouth of the channel from being blocked by a mixture that collapses for accidental reasons from the slope of the shoulder. The outer opening of the box is taken up with a grill to prevent animals, debris, etc. from entering the channels.

The movement of air through the mixture, providing its aeration, occurs in connection with a decrease in its density when heated to 60-70 ° C under the influence of oxidative processes of biological decomposition of the crust.

For comparison of the known and proposed methods, FIGS. 1 and 2 show air movement patterns in collars formed by the known and proposed methods.

In the collar formed by the proposed method, in accordance with Fig. 1, air enters the lower part of the collar practically without resistance, and the lifting forces of air convection are observed along the entire path of its movement through the compost mixture.

In accordance with figure 2, in the collar, sprinkled in a known manner, without laying perforated pipes or wooden boxes, the air enters the collar in the horizontal direction through the most densified lower part of the collar, and convection lifting forces occur only in the second, vertical half of the path air movement. This limits the height of ordinary collars to 2-3 m.

Facilitation of the conditions of air intake into the shoulder and the intensification of the process of its removal by the proposed method allows to increase the height of the shoulder to 5-6 m or more and reduce the required production area for composting by 4-5 times.

Compared with another known method of forming compost collars, involving the use of perforated plastic pipes or wooden boxes, the proposed method has the following advantages:

- there is no need to use expensive perforated pipes and boards;

- provides a higher density laying mixture per unit volume (20 - 25%);

- it is possible to create large passage sections of the channels, which reduces air resistance when moving through the channels;

- there is no resistance to air when it moves through the perforation of plastic pipes or crevices;

- it is possible to supply into the formed channels of the shoulder, warm air from the air heater in winter for its starting heating (in an adjustable volume) with subsequent self-heating of the shoulder.

The last two advantages, among others, also allow you to increase the height of the shoulder and reduce the area of the landfill.

The proposed method is industrially applicable at sawmills, pulp and paper and other enterprises where waste from debarking of wood raw material is accumulated. The method involves the use of commercially available equipment: dump truck, bulldozer, rods and inlet boxes.

Literature

1. A.V. Zhitkov, L.V. Svirin, A.N. Baranov. Disposal of tree bark as fertilizer. “Wood processing products to agriculture.” Thes. Doc. All-Union Conf., Volume 2, Riga, 1973, pp. 83-86.

2. A.V. Zhitkov, N. A. Tuev, L. V. Svirin, V. I. Baryshnikova, E. I. Lunina. The possibility of using wood bark and excess activated sludge as organic fertilizers for agriculture, ibid., Pp. 94-100.

3. Svirin L.V. Bark Processing for Obtaining Fertilising Products. - Harruutahteiden Taydellinen. - Suomaslais - neuvostoliittolainen symposium. Keskuslaboratoriossa 15 - 05.16.1972 - Helsinki. 1972 - p. 131-143.

4. Franz. Application No. 2123042, C 05 F 11/00, A 01 C 21/00; 06/25/70 - 10/13/72. - A method of manufacturing compost from the bark of deciduous and coniferous trees.

5. Gladkova L.I. The use of wood waste in agricultural (review) VASKHNIL, VNIITE for agricultural, M., 1979, 120 S.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining organic fertilizers from wood bark by grinding, mixing with mineral and (or) organic additives, further forming a mixture from a collar with air channels, aeration of the collar and biochemical processing of the mixture to humus, characterized in that the formation of air channels in the collar is carried out by laying rods on its base parallel to each other with further periodic extraction outward to 70% of the length of the rods as they are backfilled with a subsequent batch of compost mixture in the direction of the rods.

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