RU2051561C1 - Method for cultivation of table watermelons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use of a small grass virgin land parcel. Hollows are dug 40 cm in depth and diameter so that when seeds are planted in hollow centers the arrangement of the plants is 210 x 70 cm. In the following years holes are dug with 40 cm dislocation of their centers. Watermelons are watered with the use of furrows connecting the hollows on one side. EFFECT: improved growing conditions. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, more specifically to melon cultivation.

 A known method of growing table watermelon, including preparing the site, sowing seeds and caring for plants.

 The disadvantage of this method is that the plowing is carried out on the whole virgin soil and watermelon is placed on the formation, which does not make it possible to preserve the turfy formation necessary for the better development of melons for several years in a row. After plowing, the soil structure is destroyed and cannot be restored during cultivation, and this reduces the yield of melons for several years in a row. In addition, using this method, a large amount of virgin land is required, which is plowed annually and the watermelon is placed there for no more than 2 consecutive years. Farms do not have such opportunities, and the creation of a grass layer requires that valuable land remain under the grass for several years, i.e. used very extensively and not rationally. This greatly reduces the beneficial effects of land use. In addition, it requires a lot of forces and means for tillage (plowing, harrowing, rolling, furrowing, etc.), as well as heavy tractors and plows, destroy the structure, compact the soil, and the entire soil surface is loosened, watered, fertilized, which greatly overgrows weeds, the destruction of which requires a lot of forces and means, in particular herbicides, machines for their application. In this case, diseases in the soil, on the remains of watermelon, on weeds, etc. are very common. In this method, the soil undergoes water and wind erosion.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce costs by improving the method of cultivation of crops.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that for growing watermelon use a shallow virgin plot, preparation at the site is carried out by digging the planting holes with a depth and diameter of 40 cm so that when sowing seeds in the center of the holes of the plant were located according to the scheme 210x70 cm, in subsequent years, the holes they dig out with a shift of centers by 40 cm annually, and irrigation is carried out along the furrows connecting the holes on one side.

 Figure 1 shows a scheme for sowing watermelon seeds; in Fig. 2, section AA, Fig. 1, in which d is the diameter of the hole, N is the depth of the hole, h is the depth of the irrigation furrow, l is the width between plants, b is the width of the aisle.

 The method includes preparing the site, sowing seeds and caring for plants.

 The method is as follows.

 For the cultivation of watermelon use shallow virgin plot. The preparation of the site is carried out by digging the planting holes 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) with a depth and diameter of 40 cm so that when sowing seeds 2 in the center of the holes 1, the plants are arranged according to the scheme 210x70 cm. In subsequent years, holes 1 are dug with the centers shifted by 40 cm annually, and irrigation is carried out along the furrows 3 connecting the wells to one side. At the same time, the holes are dug out and the grass layer is laid with a layer of 4 by wrapping it at the bottom of the hole 1, then shifting the soil with fertilizer, fill the hole 1 with a depth of 10-12 cm, then sow the seeds 3 in the center of the hole 1 in humus.

 Wells 1 open with a digger or a shovel. When digging holes 1 with a shovel, the upper sod layer 10 cm thick is cut and taken out to the side, located separately. Remove the rest of the soil from well 1, and then the grass layer is placed on the bottom of 5 holes 1 with the grass side down and the soil to be dug up in the wells, mixed with fertilizer, leaving 10-12 cm of the recess.

 Then sowing is carried out in the center of well 1 in humus soil. Wells 1 are arranged in even rows providing free flow of irrigation water. In one line along the slope from the upper side of the hole 1, a shallow irrigation furrow 3 is carried out, combining the wells 1. It is watered with a small flow of irrigation water so that the water does not spread to the virgin soil. Processing goes to wells 1, slightly expanding its diameter in the form of a circle. With the germination of plants they spud.

 With a row spacing of 210 cm, between the two rows of holes 170 cm of virgin soil remains, where there are lashes, leaves, fruits that are not touching irrigation water. Over the past four years, new holes 1 have been plowed. Therefore, watermelon is grown annually on virgin soil, moving the place of holes 1 every 40 cm to one side of the aisle. From this calculation, after 4 years, the new holes 1 will return to their previous place, and this is quite enough to restore the turf that fully meets the requirements of crop rotation. Thus, the whole watermelon is grown on virgin soil.

 The proposed method has several advantages over the prototype.

 With the proposed method, virgin soil does not rise, and the watermelon is placed on a layer of herbs, which requires the very nature of the watermelon plant. The soil structure is not disturbed. For several years in a row, watermelon has been grown on the existing virgin land plot and a high yield is obtained, which allows the creation of a reserve of virgin lands for watermelon and the intensive use of land. Using the proposed method does not require plowing, therefore, a heavy tractor, and a plow, cultivator, etc. Having a bayonet blade, you can grow watermelon. Thus, the new method is more practical and eliminates the possibility of destruction of the structure and tamping of the soil with heavy equipment.

 Using this method eliminates the shelf of weeds, fertilizer and other methods of care throughout the area, and tillage weed control is carried out only in holes and irrigation furrows. The cost of growing is minimized, which reduces the cost of production.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR GROWING TABLE Watermelon, including preparing the plot, sowing seeds and caring for plants, characterized in that for growing watermelon use a shallow virgin plot, the preparation of the plot is carried out by digging planting holes with a depth and diameter of 40 cm so that when sowing seeds in the center the wells of the plant were arranged according to the scheme 210 • 70 cm, in the subsequent holes are dug with a center shift of 40 cm annually, and irrigation is carried out along the furrows connecting the holes on one side.

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