RU2049262C1 - Device for plasma ignition in internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has control unit 7 with five input and eight output leads. Each of amplifiers of control unit 7 is made as transistors of opposite conductivities connected in series. The primary windings of the transformers are interconnected in series. The device also has pickup 1 of speed of rotation, pulse generator 2, vibrator 3 with two inputs, advance angle controller 4 with two outputs, pulse distributor 5, starting unit 9 connected in series, governing generator 10, amplifying unit comprising four amplifiers, each of which has two transistors and two control inputs, and unit 8 for converting voltage comprising four transformers, the secondary winding of each transformer being connected with the respective spark plug and the primary winding to the output of one of the amplifiers. Control unit 6 has inverter, eight AND elements, four OR-AND elements, four OR elements, and four switch elements. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electronic ignition systems and can be used for internal combustion engines.

 A known device of the ignition system [1] containing the ignition synchronization device, an oscillator, a switch, several high-voltage generators, several spark plugs. This device generates a high-voltage AC ignition signal, which is supplied to the spark plugs in accordance with the synchronization signals. This device does not allow to obtain a low level of radio interference, since the output high-voltage signal has a non-sinusoidal shape.

 The closest in technical essence is an electronically controlled plasma ignition device for internal combustion engines [2] containing one spark plug for each engine cylinder, sensitive elements for monitoring the rotation of the drive shaft of the engine, many coils, each of which has a primary winding and a secondary winding that is connected to a corresponding spark plug, a plurality of high-frequency electric current generators, each of which is connected to a primary coil of the corresponding coil, electronic controls for exciting each of the high-frequency electric current generators in accordance with the phase of combustion between the electrodes of the connected spark plug, each of these coils includes an auxiliary winding magnetically connected to the secondary winding to create a signal corresponding to the resistance between the electrodes connected spark plug.

 The disadvantages of this device is the high level of radio interference due to the non-sinusoidal shape of the output signal and its low reliability.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability and reduce the level of noise interference.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that the plasma ignition device for internal combustion engines, comprising a speed sensor, a pulse shaper, a single vibrator with two inputs, an advancing regulator with two outputs, a pulse distributor, a start block connected in series, a master oscillator, an amplification unit, consisting of four amplifiers, each of which is made on two transistors and has two control inputs, a voltage conversion unit consisting of four transformers, each of which is secondary the first winding is connected to the corresponding spark plug, and the primary winding to the output of one of the amplifiers is additionally equipped with a control unit with five input and eight output terminals, and each of the amplifiers is made up of transistors of opposite conductors connected in series, and all the primary windings of the transformers are connected in series and each of which one of the conclusions is connected to the connection point of the emitters of transistors of one of the amplifiers, the collectors of each of the transistors are reverse conductivity and connected to the positive pole of the power source, the collectors of the direct conductivity transistors are connected to the common bus of the power source, and the bases of all transistors are connected to the output terminals of the control unit, the first four input terminals of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the pulse distributor, and the fifth to the output of the master oscillator.

 The control unit contains an inverter, eight AND elements, four OR-NOT elements, four OR elements, four key elements, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the OR elements, the second inputs with the outputs of the OR-NOT elements, and the third and fourth with power supply buses of the unit, the outputs of the key elements are connected respectively to the eight output terminals of the block, the first input output of which is connected to the inputs of the first, second elements OR NOT and the inputs of the first and fourth elements AND, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first the second OR element, to the second input output, the second inputs of the second, third elements OR NOT and the second inputs of the third and sixth elements AND, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second inputs of the second and third elements OR, to the third input output the inputs of the third, fourth elements OR- NOT and the second inputs of the fifth and eighth AND elements, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the third and fourth OR elements, to the fourth input output the second inputs of the first, fourth OR-NOT elements and the second inputs of the second o and the seventh AND element, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second inputs of the first and fourth OR elements, the inputs of the third, fifth, seventh AND elements and the second input of the first AND element are connected to the fifth input output, and the inputs of the second, sixth, eighth elements are connected through the inverter and second input of the fourth element I.

 The composition of the proposed device includes elements that are available in the known solution [3] spark plugs, high voltage transformers, input signal generation and conversion circuits, but the known technical solution does not have elements that allow generating in the primary windings of high voltage transformers bipolar signals with one primary winding, allowing to obtain sine-wave signals at the resonant frequency in the secondary windings of transformers, significantly reduce the amplitudes of higher harmonic nent signal. To do this, in the proposed device, transistors of direct conduction are introduced into the amplification unit, the primary windings of the transformers are connected in series, and the connection of the amplifiers and the primary windings of the transformers has a ring bridge circuit. At the same time, the reliability of the device is significantly increased.

 Figure 1 presents a structural diagram of a plasma ignition device for internal combustion engines; figure 2 electrical diagram of the control unit; figure 3 diagrams of the signals at the outputs of the individual elements.

The following notation is accepted: U _i ⁿ voltage at the n-output of the 1st element.

A plasma ignition device for internal combustion engines (Fig. 1), comprising a speed sensor 1 connected in series, a pulse shaper 2, a single vibrator 3, an advancer 4, a pulse distributor 5, a control unit 6, an amplification unit 7 consisting of four amplifiers, each of which made on two transistors of direct and reverse conductivity, a voltage conversion unit 8, consisting of four transformers, as well as a start-up unit 9, a master oscillator 10, the second input of the one-shot 3 is connected to the second output p gulyatora timing 4, the voltage conversion unit 8 four outputs 11-14 connected to the respective spark plugs (not shown), the other four outputs 15-18 which are connected together, is connected to a common power supply circuit E _b, and the first four inputs 19-22 with the corresponding outputs of the amplification unit 7, which is connected to the power source E _{b by} four inputs 23-26, all the primary windings of the four transformers are connected in series, and one output of each of them is connected respectively to the four inputs 19-22 of the conversion unit voltage 8, outputs 27-30 of amplification unit 7, connected to the collectors of direct transistors 31-34, connected to a common power supply circuit Eb, and outputs 19-22 connected to interconnected emitters of transistors 31-34 and 35-38, inputs 39-42 are connected to the bases of transistors 31-34 of direct conductivity, inputs 43-46 to the bases of transistors 35-38 of reverse conductivity, the collectors of which are connected respectively to the inputs 23-26 of the amplification unit 7, which inputs 39-46 are connected to eight outputs of the control unit 6, the inputs 47-50 of which are connected to output outputs of the pulse distributor 5, and the fifth input 51 is connected to the output of the master oscillator 10.

 In addition, the control unit 6 (figure 2) contains an inverter 52, eight 53-60 AND elements, four 61-64 OR-NOT elements, four 65-68 OR elements, four 69-72 key elements, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs OR elements 65-68, the second inputs with the outputs of the elements OR NOT 61-64, and the third and fourth with power buses of unit 6, the outputs of the key elements 69-72 are connected respectively to the eight output terminals 43-46, 39-42 of block 6, to the first input terminal 47 which is connected to the inputs of the first 61, second 62 OR-NOT elements and the inputs of the first 53 and fourth 56 AND elements, outputs which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first 65 and second 66 OR elements, to the second input output 48, the second inputs of the second 62, third 63 OR-NOT elements and the second inputs of the third 55 and sixth 58 AND elements, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second inputs of the second 66 and the third 67 OR elements, to the third input terminal 49 the inputs of the third 63, fourth 64 OR-NOT elements and the second inputs of the fifth 57 and eighth 60 AND elements, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the third 67 and fourth 68 OR elements, to the fourth input output 50, the second inputs of the first 61, fourth 64 OR-NOT elements and the second inputs of the second 54 and seventh 59 AND elements, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second inputs of the first 65 and fourth 68 OR elements, to the fifth input terminal 51, the inputs of the third 55, fifth 57, the seventh of the 59 elements And and the second input of the first 53 of the And element, and through the inverter 52 the inputs of the second 54, the sixth of 58, the eighth of 60 And elements and the second input of the fourth 56 of the element And are connected.

The speed sensor 1 is designed to receive signals at each of its turns and can be a disk in which there are holes (for a four-stroke four-cylinder engine, their number is 2), offset by 180 ^about each other. In this case, the disk is kinematically connected directly to the crankshaft of the engine. Opposite the zone of passage of the holes of the disk, a light emitter is installed on one side and a signal photodetector on the other.

 The pulse shaper 2 is intended for the formation of rectangular pulses and can be performed on an amplifier-comparator.

 The one-shot 3 is designed to receive pulses of a certain duration and can be performed using analog-to-digital elements.

 Lead controller 4 is designed to receive output signals whose phase is proportional to the input frequency and can be performed using a frequency-voltage converter and elements of digital technology.

 The pulse distributor 5 is designed to receive four sequences of pulses from one input and can be performed on logic elements.

 The start-up block 9 is designed to turn on the power, issue an enable signal when the device starts up, indicate the operating mode, etc. can be performed using switching equipment, indication elements, etc.

 The master oscillator 10 is designed to generate a high-frequency signal and can be performed on the logical elements of digital technology.

 The amplifiers of the amplification unit 7 are designed to amplify the input signal by power and can be implemented on transistors of different conductivity.

 The transformers of the voltage conversion unit 8 are designed to produce high voltage. They have a winding insulation class corresponding to their voltage.

 The inverter, AND, OR, OR-NOT elements of the control unit 6 are standard logic elements. Key elements 69-72 are designed to switch signals from the input of elements to their output and can be implemented on integrated circuits.

 The proposed device can be implemented for an engine with any number of cylinders. For this, the pulse distributor 5, the control unit 6, the amplification unit 7, the voltage conversion unit 8, and also the revolution sensor 1 are modified accordingly.

 The device operates as follows.

After applying power to the device (power circuits are not shown in FIG. 1) and issuing an enable signal from the start-up unit 9, it is ready for operation. The pulses of the speed sensor 1 two for each revolution are synchronizing for the operation of the device, are fed through a pulse shaper 2 to a single vibrator 3, pulse shaper 2 provides an increase in the steepness of the signal edges U ₁ . The one-shot 3 provides the formation of pulses, the duration of which is determined by the timing RC circuit (not shown). As the element R, the resistance of the transistor included in the timing circuit is used. When the input voltage at one of the electrodes of this transistor changes, its resistance changes. This voltage is supplied from the output of the advance controller 4, which converts the repetition rate of the input pulses of the signal U ₃ into a voltage U ₄ ² proportional to it. To convert frequency to voltage, standard microcircuits are used.

The pulses of the signal U ₄ ¹ have a phase of the signal associated with the trailing edge of the pulses of the one-shot 3, i.e., the delay time of the pulses U ₃ and U ₄ ¹ is equal to the duration of the pulses of the one-shot, and served on the pulse distributor 5, which ensures the separation of the input pulse sequence into four . The first pulse of the input sequence is fed to the first output of the pulse distributor 5, the second to the second output, the third to the third output, the fourth to the fourth output, and then the cycle repeats. For this, a frequency divider counter with a decoder is used.

 The pulses of the pulse distributor 5 and the master oscillator 10 are supplied to the control unit 6, which provides the issuance of pulses to the amplification unit 7 at certain points in time in accordance with the phases of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine (Fig. 3), as well as locking the transistors of the amplifiers of the block 7 when removing pulse distributor signals 5.

а выходы элементов 61-64 ИЛИ-НЕ, т.е. управляющие входы ключевых элементов 69-72 следующими зависимостями:

Ключевые элементы 69-72 имеют характеристики:
ключевой элемент 69
U₆₉ ¹=U₆₉ ²=U₆₅ при U₆₁=0
U₆₉=0
U₆₉ ²=Е₆ при U₆₁=1;
ключевой элемент 70
U₇₀ ¹=U₇₀ ²=U₆₆ при U₆₂=0

ключевой элемент 71
U₇₁ ¹=U₇₁ ²=U₆₇ при U₆₃=0

при U₆₃= 1
ключевой элемент 72
U₇₂ ¹=U₇₂ ²=U₆₈ при U₆₄=0

при U₆₄=1
Как видно из приведенных выражений, импульсы задающего генератора 10 проходят на выходы блока управления 6 при разрешающем сигнале в виде нулевого уровня на управляющих входах ключевых элементов 69-72. Высокочастотные импульсы с выходов 39-46 блока управления 6 подаются на блок усиления 7, который имеет четыре идентичных усилителя мощности, каждый из которых выполнен на транзисторах 31-34 прямой проводимости и транзисторах 35-38 обратной проводимости соответственно. Все транзисторы имеют высокий коэффициент усиления. Такая схема усилителя мощности позволяет усиливать входные сигналы во время всего периода их следования.The signals at the outputs of the elements 65-68 OR, i.e. at the information inputs of the key elements 69-72, are associated with the signals at the inputs 47-51 of the control unit 6 (figure 2), such dependencies

and the outputs of the elements 61-64 OR NOT, i.e. control inputs of key elements 69-72 with the following dependencies:

Key elements 69-72 have characteristics:
key element 69
U ₆₉ ¹ = U ₆₉ ² = U ₆₅ at U ₆₁ = 0
U ₆₉ = 0
U ₆₉ ² = E ₆ with U ₆₁ = 1;
key element 70
U ₇₀ ¹ = U ₇₀ ² = U ₆₆ at U ₆₂ = 0

key element 71
U ₇₁ ¹ = U ₇₁ ² = U ₆₇ at U ₆₃ = 0

at U ₆₃ = 1
key element 72
U ₇₂ ¹ = U ₇₂ ² = U ₆₈ at U ₆₄ = 0

at U ₆₄ = 1
As can be seen from the above expressions, the pulses of the master oscillator 10 pass to the outputs of the control unit 6 with a resolution signal in the form of a zero level at the control inputs of key elements 69-72. High-frequency pulses from the outputs 39-46 of the control unit 6 are supplied to the amplification unit 7, which has four identical power amplifiers, each of which is made on direct-current transistors 31-34 and reverse-conductivity transistors 35-38, respectively. All transistors have a high gain. Such a power amplifier circuit allows amplifying the input signals during the entire period of their succession.

Transistors of power amplifiers during the non-working period are locked by voltages O and E _b , which are supplied through the key elements 69-72 from the outputs of the control unit 6. Voltage of the zero level locks transistors 35-38 of reverse conductivity, and positive E _b transistors 31-34 of direct conductivity. The order of inclusion of transistors is determined by the algorithm of the engine cylinders (figure 3). The load of the power amplifiers is the transformers of the voltage conversion unit 8. The primary windings of the transformers are connected to the emitters of the transistors of the power amplifiers, and the windings are connected to each other in series, i.e. power amplifiers are switched on by a push-pull bridge circuit, in which the signal voltage in the primary windings of the transformers has a peak-to-peak voltage double voltage. High voltage is removed from the outputs of the 11-14 secondary windings of the transformers, which is supplied to the spark plugs, where an electronic plasma is generated and maintained, created by a beam of high-speed electron beams, which has a high heating effect. The plasma is maintained continuous throughout the entire period of the piston stroke, signals U ₁₁ -U ₁₄ (figure 3).

 The frequency of the master oscillator 10 is set from the conditions of the resonance of the voltages in the secondary circuits of the transformers of unit 8. while the first harmonic of the current in each circuit coincides in phase with the polarity of the voltage of the power source, which is the EMF that is connected at this time to the secondary winding. Using the phenomenon of voltage resonance makes it possible to obtain a sinusoidal voltage with high stability at the output of each transformer when the voltage of the power source is changed. With a sinusoidal waveform, the amplitudes of its higher harmonic components are significantly reduced.

 The proposed device allows you to work with a minimum level of radio noise with high stability of the output voltage due to the work at the frequency of the resonance voltage and increase its reliability.

 Experimental studies of the proposed device, carried out on a prototype using a VAZ-2121 car for seven months of operation, showed its high reliability and performance, as well as the fact that the proposed device compared to the prototype can increase the output voltage stability by 5% while reducing voltage car battery 20% of the nominal. The level of radio noise is reduced by reducing the amplitudes of the higher harmonic components of the main output signal by 48 dB. The design of the device is simplified and its reliability is increased due to the fact that there is no need for a galvanic isolation block between the control unit and the amplification unit, since the output signal of the amplifiers is removed from the emitter repeaters, and the voltage on them does not exceed the value of the power source. The radiators of the direct conductivity transistors of the amplification unit can be directly attached to the car body, which simplifies the design, reduces the size and increases the reliability of the device. The design of transformers is simplified by halving the number of turns of the primary winding. The use of only one master oscillator in the device also allows to simplify the design and increase its reliability. In general, the operational reliability coefficient of the device is increased by 12%

Claims (2)

 1. PLASMA IGNITION DEVICE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, comprising a speed sensor, a pulse shaper, a single vibrator with two inputs, an advancer with two outputs, a pulse distributor, a starter, interconnected in series with a driving generator, an amplification unit consisting of four amplifiers, each of which is made on two transistors and has two control inputs, a voltage conversion unit consisting of four transformers, each of which is connected to corresponding spark plug, and the primary winding to the output of one of the amplifiers, characterized in that it is equipped with a control unit with five input and eight output terminals, and each of the amplifiers is made of series-connected transistors of opposite conductivities, and all the primary windings of the transformers are connected in series and each of which one of the conclusions is connected to the connection point of the emitters of the transistors of one of the amplifiers, the collectors of each of the reverse conductivity transistors are connected are connected to the positive pole of the power source, the collectors of the direct conductivity transistors are connected to the common bus of the power source, and the bases of all transistors are connected to the output terminals of the control unit, the first four input terminals of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the pulse distributor, and the fifth to the output of the master oscillator.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit contains an inverter, eight AND elements, four OR elements, four OR elements, four key elements, the first inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the OR elements, the second inputs with the outputs of the OR elements and the third and fourth with power supply buses of the unit, the outputs of the key elements are connected respectively to the eight output terminals of the unit, the first input output of which is connected to the inputs of the first, second elements OR NOT and the inputs of the first and fourth elements AND, the outputs of which are inens, respectively, with the inputs of the first and second elements OR, to the second input output, the second inputs of the second, third elements OR NOT and the second inputs of the third and sixth elements AND, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second inputs of the second and third elements OR, to the third input output the inputs of the third of the fourth element OR NOT and the second inputs of the fifth and eighth elements AND, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the third and fourth elements OR, to the fourth input output the second inputs of the first, fourth elements OR NOT and the second inputs of the second and seventh elements AND, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second inputs of the first and fourth elements OR, to the fifth input output the inputs of the third, fifth, seventh elements AND and the second input of the first element And, and through the inverter the inputs of the second , sixth, eighth elements And and the second input of the fourth element I.

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