RU2786519C1 - Cyclotron resonant microwave oscillation converter with multiple controlled outputs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: microwave technology.

SUBSTANCE: device is designed to convert direct current taken from the collector of a cyclotron converter of microwave oscillations into alternating current of various levels. The output current (voltage) levels are controlled using two outputs: output 1 (generator G1) and output 2 (generator G2) and a three-position switch. In the first position of the switch, the DC energy coming from the cyclotron converter of microwave oscillations is converted into AC energy and taken from the first output of the device. No energy is removed from the second output of the device in this switch position. In the third position of the switch, the amplitudes of the first harmonics of the sinusoidal current taken from the first and second outputs are the same. In the second position of the switch, the output current levels removed from the first and second outputs occupy an intermediate position compared to the levels of the first and third positions of the switch.

EFFECT: increase in the accuracy of energy flow control.

1 cl, 8 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

I. Technical field to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, microwave oscillations and remote transmission of energy by means of electromagnetic oscillations. An alternating voltage generator with several levels of output alternating voltage based on a cyclotron resonant converter of electromagnetic microwave oscillations is considered. Several levels of alternating voltage are in demand for power supply of on-board equipment, instruments and devices of space vehicles, such as navigation instruments, electric rocket engines (EP).

I.1 State of the art

One of the promising methods of remote wireless transmission of energy at present is the transmission of energy using for the transmission of beams of electromagnetic oscillations of the optical or microwave frequency ranges. The need for this arises in the remote transmission of energy to spacecraft and stations, as well as the transmission of energy from spacecraft to Earth. For the power supply of spacecraft, both direct and alternating current energy is used, as well as the mutual conversion of these types of energy. Energy consumers of various voltage levels on spacecraft include electric jet engines (EP), the supply voltages of which, depending on the type of engine, range from tens of volts to hundreds of thousands of volts (hundreds of kilovolts). Various voltage levels are in demand for the power supply of aircraft navigation instruments. So, for the power supply of aircraft navigation devices, such as laser gyroscopes, inclinometers, accelerometers, voltages of various levels are used: 2 ... 3.6 V, 5 V, 12 V, 9-36 V, 27 V.

The use of a transformer on a ferromagnetic core or electric machine generators to obtain several voltage levels in some cases may be inefficient due to the large weight and dimensions of the transformer or electric machine generator. Mass-dimensional characteristics of devices containing a transformer on a ferromagnetic core, or electric machine generators are large and range from γ=(3…5) kg/kW to γ=30 kg/kW. Next, a method is proposed for directly obtaining AC energy using a resonant cyclotron converter of electromagnetic field oscillations in the microwave frequency range with different levels of output voltages. The conversion of a direct voltage (current) obtained at the output of a cyclotron resonant converter of microwave oscillations into an alternating voltage is described in [1].

I.2 Representation of a cyclotron resonant converter of microwave oscillations by a current source

The conversion of the energy of microwave oscillations into direct current energy is described in the literature, which also shows the positive results of the experiments of such a conversion [2, 3.6]. The scheme of the converter of microwave energy into DC energy is shown in Fig. one.

Fig. 1 Diagram of a cyclotron converter

In Fig. 1 shows:

-21 (electron gun);

-22 (resonator);

-23 (reverse area);

-24 (collector);

-25 (load with resistance R).

The electron gun generates a stream of electrons. It enters the resonator, into which the energy of the microwave electromagnetic field with frequency ω is also introduced. Under the action of an external magnetic field with magnetic induction B ₀ , the electron flow acquires a rotational motion. At the cyclotron resonance frequency ω, which is equal to the frequency of the electromagnetic field ω, the energy of the electromagnetic field is intensively absorbed by the rotating electron flow. In the recuperation zone, under the influence of an external magnetic field with magnetic induction B ₁ , the direction of which is opposite to the direction of magnetic induction B ₀ , the rotational motion of electrons is converted into translational and the electrons settle on the collector. As a result, DC energy is released at the load with resistance R. In relation to the external electrical circuit, the cyclotron energy converter can be represented by a real (not ideal) current source; the circuit of such a source is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 Electrical equivalent circuit of the cyclotron converter

The current generated by the cyclotron converter is represented in this figure by the current source J ₂ , the conductivity g _BH takes into account the internal energy losses of the source, the current 1vn is the generator loss current, the current J enters the external circuit. The papers [4, 5] describe devices for generating EMF variables using pulsed approximation of sinusoidal functions. The principle of constructing an alternator based on a cyclotron converter using a pulse width modulated approximation is used in the described device. The use of a cyclotron converter for power supply of aircraft is described in [6].

I.3 Pulse-width modulated sinusoidal approximation

In the described generator, obtaining a sign-alternating function approximating the sinusoidal function of the output current (voltage) is based on the width-modulated approximation of the sinusoidal function. In Fig. Figure 3 shows the approximation of the sinusoidal function by a periodic sequence of pulses with a period T. The horizontal axis of the graphs shows the time t, the period of the approximating function T, the pulse numbers are from 1 to 12. The amplitudes of the output current (voltage) pulses are plotted along the vertical axis. In Fig. 3a, the shape of the output current corresponds to a rectangular meander. Pulses with numbers 1…6 are fed to the output poles, approximating the positive current half-wave, and pulses with numbers 7…12, approximating the negative current half-wave. In Figure 36, the positive current half-wave is approximated by pulses with numbers 2…5, the negative current half-wave is approximated by pulses with numbers 8…11. In Figure 3c, the positive current half-wave is approximated by pulses with numbers 3 and 4, the negative current half-wave is approximated by pulses with numbers 9 and 10. The device contains a control pulse switch with three positions 1-2-3. Depending on the position of the switch, a signal is supplied to the first output of the device, the shape of which is shown in Fig. 3a (first switch position), 3b (second switch position) or 3c (third switch position). Figures 3d, 3e and 3f show graphs of the output signal taken from the second output of the device. The signal corresponding to FIG. 3g is zero. The signal corresponding to FIG. 3d is formed by two positive pulses numbered 1 and 6, and two negative pulses numbered 7 and 12. Pulses 1 and 6 (Fig. 3e) complement the positive current half-wave shown in the figure of fig. 3b to the value J, pulses with numbers 7 and 12 complement the negative, half-wave current shown in Figure 3b, to the value -J. Similarly, the pulses shown in Fig. 3e complement the pulses shown in FIG. 3c to J and -J values. In position 1 of the switch, output 1 (generator G1) receives the signal shown in Fig. 3a, the second output (generator G2) receives the signal shown in Fig. 3d, in the second position of the switch, the signal 3b is supplied to the output G1, the signal 3e is supplied to the second output (generator G2) in this position of the switch, the signal 3c is supplied to the output G1 in the switch position 3, the signal 3e is supplied to the second output (generator G2). Using the switch with positions 1, 2, 3, different amplitude levels of the first harmonics of the currents are simultaneously set at the first and second outputs of the device. The difference in levels is due to a different number of pulses per period, or with the same number of pulses (see Figs. 3b and 3f, as well as 3c and 3e), different arrangement of pulses over period T.

Fig. 3 Graphs of approximating functions

Period T is divided into n intervals with the same duration TI. In Fig. H, the number of pulses per period T is assumed to be 12. In the figures of FIG. 3a ... 3e each half-cycle of the output current (voltage) with a duration of T / 2 with positive and negative values is formed from six intervals with a duration of TI each. The positive half period is approximated by intervals with numbers 1…6, the negative half period is approximated by intervals with numbers 7…12.

The control of the pulse energy, the amplitude of the first harmonic of the current (voltage) at the output in the device under consideration is carried out by controlling the number of pulses with the same amplitude J and the same duration TI, transmitted from the current source to the output poles of the device, and by controlling the location of these pulses over a period T, that is, from numbers of pulses transmitted to the output. The device under consideration uses two generators G1 and G2 with different levels of output currents (voltages). The number of pulses per period T at the output of the device and the numbers of pulses transmitted to the output of each generator are controlled using a control pulse switch. The pulse polarity is controlled by a power pulse switch. Control pulses take the values 1 or 0 (conditionally). In this case, the value 1 of the generator G1 corresponds to the value 0 of the control pulse of the generator G2. In Fig. 3b, each half-cycle is approximated by four pulses. The positive half-cycle is approximated by pulses with numbers 2…5, the negative half-cycle by pulses with numbers 8…11. In Fig. 3c, each half-cycle is approximated by two pulses. The positive half-cycle is approximated by pulses with numbers 3 and 4, the negative half-cycle is approximated by pulses with numbers 9 and 10. Obtaining the output voltage of different levels in the described device is obtained as a result of implementing circuits whose operation is based on the approximation shown in Fig. 3.

II.1 Purpose of the invention. The aim of the invention is to develop a device for generating an alternating periodic current (voltage) with several levels, using a cyclotron resonant converter of microwave oscillations as an energy source. The form of the generated current (voltage) is a sequence of rectangular pulses with the same amplitude and the same duration. Generation is carried out using pulse technology and switches on semiconductor devices. Characteristic of the proposed generator is the use of a switch (synthesizer) of pulses of different polarity in order to obtain a sequence of pulses approximating a sinusoidal function.

II.2. inventive level.

The proposed device for generating alternating current of various levels using the conversion of microwave electromagnetic field energy into direct current energy based on a resonant cyclotron converter. The device differs from known devices, in which a high voltage alternating sinusoidal current is obtained as a result of the use of inverters and step-up transformers, or using electric machine generators, in that:

- sinusoidal current is generated as a result of the synthesis of impulse functions of different polarity;

- direct current is created by a cyclotron resonant converter of the energy type and is taken from the collector of the converter;

- the number of pulse functions on the period of the sinusoidal function is set by the control unit and for different values of the output current (voltage) is set by the number of pulse functions, duration TI each, on the period T. The current at the generator output is formed by a set of rectangular current pulses of a given value and the same duration TI, repeating with a given frequency. Next, a variant of the generator is considered using six levels of output current (voltage);

- The device has two outputs with different values of the output current (voltage) - generators G1 and G2;

- To connect the current source to the output poles of the generators G1 and G2, power impulse switching units are used, with the help of which currents of the required magnitude and polarity are connected to the first and second outputs of the device in the sequence specified by the control unit.

- Different levels of output current are realized by using two outputs and by means of a three-position switch. Each of the switch positions allows you to get different levels of output current (voltage) at each output. In total, using the device, you can get six different levels of the amplitudes of the first harmonics of the current.

III. Disclosure of the essence of the invention

III.1 Block diagram of the device

The block diagram of the device for n=12, two outputs and six levels of output current (voltage) is shown in Fig. 4.

Figure 4 Block diagram of the device

In Fig. 4 shows blocks B1, B2, B3, B4. The figure shows the input and output poles of these blocks, with the help of which the blocks are connected to each other and to external devices. In Fig. 4 shown:

1. Control unit B1. Provides cyclic, with a given period T, alternate supply of control pulses u _control . The control pulses 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ are fed to the input of the control pulse switching unit, block B2, and then, in the order specified by the algorithm, to the control electrodes of the power switches, block B3.

2. Block switching control pulses B2. Provides redistribution of control pulses coming from block B1 in the order specified by the algorithm and their arrival at the control electrodes of power switches, block B3. It contains a switch for three positions 1-2-3, which controls the levels of output current (voltage) for each of the two outputs of the device. This allows you to get six levels of output current (voltage). Contains modules B21 and B22, and a switch with sections P21 and P22.

3. Switching unit of power impulses B3

The power pulse switching unit B3 contains module B3 1 and module B32. Each module is designed to control the positive or negative polarity of the power pulses applied to the output of the device. Module B3 1 controls the polarity of pulses supplied to the first output of the device (G1 generator) to poles 10 ₁₁ and 1021. Module B32 controls the polarity of pulses supplied to the second output of the device (G2 generator) to poles 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ .

4. Direct current source, block B4. Generates direct current J, which is converted into a periodic alternating pulse sequence. In total, the proposed device implements six levels of output current (voltage). The plots of these functions are shown in Fig. 3. Six different graphs of the output current (voltage) taken from output 1, poles 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ (generator G1) and output 2, poles 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ (generator G2) are shown.

III.2 Control unit

The control unit B1 is designed to generate control pulses as a result of creating a periodic sequence of rectangular pulses of a given duration TI=T/n, where T is the period of the function, n is the number of clock pulses per period T. A device with n=12 is considered. The clock pulse generator 1 generates a cyclic pulse train with a period T. The value of T is equal to the period of the sinusoidal function, which is approximated by a sequence of impulse functions at the output of the device. With the help of controlled electronic keys located in the switching unit of power impulses B3, the current source B4 is connected at the times specified by the control unit to the output poles of the switching unit 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ , as well as 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ . Switching is carried out in the open state of the power key. The duration of the open state of each key is 77. The schematic diagram of the control unit is shown in the figure of fig. five.

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of the control unit

Pulses generated sideways B1 are taken from poles 8 ₁ ... 8 _{12 of} decoder 7 and arrive at the same poles of module B21 and module B22 of block B2. The block is implemented on elements 1-7. It contains a clock generator (GTI) 1, a logic element AND 2, a counter 3 of the number of pulses per period T of a periodic function, a comparison circuit 4, a register 5, a decoder 7 with output poles 8 ₁ ... 8n. For n=12 these are poles 8 ₁ …8 ₁₂ .

The start of the device is carried out by applying a signal to the input 6 ₁ . Input 62 is recording the code for the number of time intervals n. The output of GTI 1 is connected to the first input of the AND element 2, the second input of which is connected to the first input 61 of the device, and the output is connected to the first input of the counter 3, the output of which is connected to the input of the decoder 7 and to the first input of the comparison circuit 4, the second input of which is connected to the output of the register 5, and the output - to the second input of the counter 3, the input of the register 5 is connected to the input ₆₂ of the device, the outputs of the decoder 7 are connected to the inputs 8 ₁ ... 8 _n , through which the control unit is connected to the switching unit.

The control pulses are taken from the poles 8 ₁ ... 8 _{12 of} the decoder 7 and fed to the input of the switching unit B2.

III.3 Control pulse switching unit B2. The block diagram of switching control pulses is shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 6 Control pulse switching unit

Block B2 contains two modules for switching control pulses B21 and B22, as well as a three-position switch 1-2-3. Using module B21, control pulses from poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ arrive in a given sequence to output poles 12 ₁ and 12 ₂ . With the help of the B22 module, the control pulses coming from the poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ arrive in a given sequence to the output poles 12 ₃ and 12 ₄ .

Module B21 block B2 and module B3 1 block B3 together with the output poles 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ form the first generator (G1). Module B22 of block B2 and module B32 of block B3 together with output poles 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ form the second generator (G2). With the help of the generator G1, the output signal forms shown in Figures 3a, 3b, 3c are realized, with the help of the generator G2, the output signal forms shown in the Figures 3d, 3e, 3f are realized.

Module B21 includes a switch of positive impulses KUI1P1 and a switch of negative impulses KUI01. Module B22 contains a switch of positive pulses KUI1P2 and a switch of negative pulses KUI02.

The KUI is designed to switch control pulses coming from the B1 control unit and transfer them in the sequence required for the operation of the device to the control electrodes of the power switches located in the B3 unit.

Input for CUI are poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ , output are poles 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , and 12 ₃ , 12 ₄ .

In Fig. 7 shows graphs of the control pulses required to generate the impulse functions shown in FIG. 3.

One of the main elements of block B2 is the switch. The switch contains two sections - P1 and P2. With the help of section P1, commutations are carried out in module B21, with the help of section P2, commutations are carried out in module B22. The work of sections P1 and P2 is synchronized. The switch can be implemented mechanically or on electronic components.

In position 1 of section P1, the signal shown in Figure 3a is realized at the first output of the device (G1), in position 1 of section P2, the signal shown in Figure 3d is realized at the second output of the device (G2).

In position 2 of section P1, the signal shown in Figure 3b is realized at the first output of the device (G1), in position 2 of section P2, the signal shown in Figure 3e is realized at the second output of the device (G2).

In position 3 of section P1, the signal shown in Figure 3c is realized at the first output of the device (G1), in position 1 of section P2, the signal shown in Figure 3f is realized at the second output of the device (G2).

Fig. 7 Control impulse charts

In the position of switch 1 in Fig. 6, module B21, control pulses from the input poles with numbers 8 ₁ ... 8 _b through diodes D1.1 ... D1.6 form a positive output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7a. These pulses are fed to pole 12i of the switch.

In the position of switch 1 in Fig. 6, module B21, control pulses from input poles with numbers 8 ₇ ... 8 ₁₂ through D1.7 ... D1.12 form a negative output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7b. These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{1 of} the switch.

In the position of switch 1 in Fig. 6, module B22, control pulses from poles with numbers 8 ₁ ... 8 ₆ are not sent to the output of the device, according to the figure of FIG. 7g.

In the position of switch 1 in Fig. 6, module B22, control pulses from poles with numbers 8 ₇ ... 8 ₁₂ are not sent to the output of the device, according to the figure of FIG. 7z. In the position of switch 2 in Fig. 6, module B21, the control pulses from the input poles with numbers 8 ₂ ... 8 ₅ through diodes D2.2 ... D2.5 form a positive output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7th century These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{1 of} the switch.

In the position of switch 2 in Fig. 6, module B21, control pulses from input poles with numbers 8 _to ... 8 ₁₁ through diodes D2.8 ... D2.11 form a negative output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7 g. These pulses arrive at the pole 12 g of the switch.

In the position of switch 2 in Fig. 6, module B22, the control pulses from the input poles with numbers 8 ₁ and 8 ₆ through diodes D4.1 ... D4.6 form a positive output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7i. These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{3 of} the switch.

In the position of switch 2 in Fig. 6, module B22, the control pulses from the input poles with numbers 8 ₇ and 8 ₁₂ through diodes D4.7 and D4.12 form a negative output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7k. These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{4 of} the switch.

In the position of switch 3 in Fig. 6, module B21, the control pulses from the input poles with numbers 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ through diodes D3.3 and D3.4 form a positive output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7d. These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{1 of} the switch.

In the position of switch 3 in Fig. 6 module B21, control pulses from the input poles with numbers 8 ₉ and 8 ₁₀ through diodes D3.9 and D3.10 form a negative output signal, according to the figure of FIG. 7e. These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{2 of} the switch.

In the position of switch 3 in Fig. 6, module B22, control pulses from input poles with numbers 8 ₁ and 8 ₂ , as well as with numbers 8 ₅ and 8 ₆ through diodes D5.1, D5.2. D5.5 and D5.6 produce a positive output signal, as shown in FIG. 7 l. These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{3 of} the switch.

In the position of switch 3 in Fig. 6, module B22, control pulses from input poles with numbers 8 ₇ and 8 ₈ , as well as 8 ₁₁ and 8 ₁₂ through diodes D5.7 and D5.8, as well as D5.11, D5.12 form a negative output signal, respectively the drawing of FIG. 7m. These pulses are fed to pole 12 _{4 of} the switch.

These diodes are needed to prevent the mutual influence of signals.

The control pulses of the generator G1, which form pulses with positive amplitude values at the output of the device, are the output of the B21 module and are taken from the pole _{12 1 .}

The control pulses of the generator G2, which form pulses with positive amplitudes at the output of the device, are the output of the B22 module and are removed from pole 12 ₃ .

III.4 Switching unit of power impulses B3

The electrical circuit of the power pulse switching unit together with the B3 unit together with the B4 DC source unit is shown in Fig. eight.

Fig. 8 Wiring diagram for units 3 and 4

The power pulse switching unit B3 contains module B3 1 and module B32. Each module is designed to control the positive or negative polarity of the power pulses applied to the output of the device. Module B3 1 controls the polarity of pulses supplied to the first output of the device (generator G1) to poles 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ . Module B32 controls the polarity of pulses supplied to the second output of the device (generator G2) to poles 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ .

Module B3 1 contains power keys K11, K21, K31, K41. Using the keys K11 and K31, a current pulse with amplitude J is transmitted from the current source, block 4, to the output poles 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ . This occurs when the control electrodes of these keys receive a control pulse from pole 12 _1. Using the keys K21 and K41, a current pulse with amplitude J is transmitted from the current source, block 4, to output poles 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ inversely. This happens when a control pulse arrives at the control electrodes of these keys from pole 12 ₂ . Poles 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ form the output of device number 1, generator G1.

Module B32 contains power switches K12, K22, K32, K42. Using the keys K12 and K3 2 current pulse with amplitude J is transmitted from the current source, unit 4, to the output poles 1012 and 10 ₂₂ . This happens when a control pulse arrives at the control electrodes of these keys from pole 12z. Using the keys K22 and K42, a current pulse with amplitude J is transmitted from the current source, block 4, to the output poles 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ inversely .. This happens when the control electrodes of these keys receive a control pulse from pole 12 ₄ .

Switching of pulses with positive and negative polarity of the first output of the device is carried out using module B31 using controlled keys K11...K41. The source current is connected by keys K11…K41, located in the switching unit, to the output terminals of the switching unit 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ . Pole 111 of the current source is connected to the input of keys K11 and K21, pole 1b is connected to the input of keys K31 and K41. The output of the key K11 is connected to the output pole 10 ₁₁ , the output of the key K21 is connected to the pole 10 ₂₁ . The output of key K31 is connected to pole 10 ₂₁ , the output of key K4 is connected to pole 10 ₁ .

Switching of pulses with positive and negative polarity of the second output of the device is carried out using module B32 using controlled keys K12...K42. The source current, block B4, is connected by keys K12 ... K42, located in the switching unit, to the output terminals of the switching unit 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ . Pole 111 of the current source is connected to the input of keys K12 and K22, pole 112 is connected to the input of keys K32 and K42. The output of the key K12 is connected to the output pole 10 ₁₂ , the output of the key K22 is connected to the pole 10 ₂₁ . The output of key K32 is connected to pole 10 ₂₂ , the output of key K42 is connected to pole 10 ₁₂ . Similarly, the polarity of the pulses supplied to the second output of the device is controlled.

After the switching unit, the current pulses are fed to the output poles of the generator with positive or negative polarity to obtain a pulse function approximating the sinusoidal function of the current.

III.4 Direct current source, block B4. The DC source generates DC electrical energy J as a result of the conversion of electromagnetic oscillations in the microwave frequency range.

Cyclotron resonant converter, block B4, is shown in Fig. 1. It includes a collector, a chamber for converting microwave energy into DC energy, and an electron gun. With poles 11 ₁ and 11 ₂ , the DC generator is connected to the power pulse switching unit B3. In the electrical diagram, it is represented by a current source, as shown in Fig. 2. The direct current taken from the collector of the resonant converter is converted into a sequence of pulses of positive and negative polarity. These sequences are shown in Figures 3a-3e. They enter the poles 11 ₁₁ and 11 ₂₁ of the first output of the device (generator G1). and to poles 11 ₁₂ and 11 ₂₂ of the second output of the device (generator G2).

IV. Brief description of the drawings

1. Cyclotron resonant converter (CRC)

2. Electrical diagram of the CRP

3. Graphs of currents (voltages) at the output of the device

4. Block diagram of the device

5. Schematic diagram of the control unit

6. Control pulse switching unit

7. Graphs of control pulses

8. Electrical diagram of blocks B3 and B4

V. Levels of output currents (voltages)

The device is designed to convert direct current, taken from the collector of the cyclotron converter, into a repeating sequence of rectangular pulses with positive and negative polarity and different pulse duty cycles. In this case, six levels of output current (voltage) can be obtained.

Shown in Fig. 3 functions can be expanded into Fourier series:

where

коэффициент

и все коэффициенты

равны 0.Due to the symmetry of the functions i(t) shown in FIG. 3,

coefficient

and all coefficients

are 0.

Consequently:

The amplitude values of the first harmonics of the series approximating the functions in Fig. 3a…3e are recorded in Table 1.

In the table, the amplitudes of the first harmonics J _{1 of} the current at the first and second outputs of the generator are expressed in terms of the value of the direct current J generated by the cyclotron resonant converter of microwave oscillations. In the first position of the switch at the first output of the generator (G1), the amplitude of the first harmonic of the output current is maximum and equals the value 4J divided by the number "pi", i.e. 4J/π. At the second output of the generator (G2), the value of the first harmonic of the current is equal to 0. In the third position of the key, the amplitudes of the first harmonic of the current at the first (G1) and second (G2) outputs of the generator are the same and equal to half the maximum value. They are equal to 2J/πt. In the second position of the key at the first output, the amplitude of the first harmonic is 3.464 J/π, at the second output 0.538J/π.

The device allows you to get six different levels of output current (voltage) - from the maximum value of 4J / n to the minimum value of zero. The current at the first output of the generator, depending on the number of the switch position p=1, 2, 3, changes according to the law \ J1 _p \u003d J ₁₁ cos [30 ° (p-1)], where

J ₁₁ - the amplitude of the first harmonic of the current at the first output of the generator in the first position of the switch.

VI. Implementation of the invention

The device is designed to convert direct current,

removed from the collector of the cyclotron converter, into alternating current of various levels. The output current (voltage) levels are controlled using two outputs - output 1 (generator G1) and output 2 (generator G2) and a three-position switch. In the first position of the switch, the DC energy coming from the cyclotron converter of microwave oscillations is converted into AC energy and removed from the first output of the device. Energy is not removed from the second output of the device in this switch position. In the third position of the switch, the amplitudes of the first harmonics of the sinusoidal current taken from the first and second outputs are the same. In the second position of the switch, the levels of the output current taken from the first and second outputs occupy an intermediate position compared to the levels of the first and third positions of the switch.

The alternating current taken from the first and second outputs of the device is represented by a repeating sequence of rectangular pulses with positive and negative polarity. If necessary, the shape of the output current (voltage) can be approached sinusoidal as a result of installing a filter that filters the higher harmonics of the output current (voltage). The operation of the device begins after the trigger signal is applied to input 6 _{1 of} the logic element I2 of block 1 (B1). After the trigger signal is applied, the pulses from the output of the clock generator 1 through the open element AND 2 begin to arrive at the input of the counter 3. The code from the output of the counter 3 enters the input of the decoder 7. At the output of the decoder, a single signal appears only at one of its n outputs. A single signal at the i-th (i=1...n) output of the decoder 7 is fed to the input of the switching unit (B2) through one of the poles 8 ₁ , i=1...n.

The control pulses taken from the poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ of block B1 are fed to the inputs of modules B21 and B22. After switching with the required sequence and using a three-position switch, the control pulses are fed to the input of the power pulse switching unit, which includes modules B31 and F32. Module B31 contains controlled power switches K11, K21, K31, K41, module B32 contains controlled power switches K12, K22, K32, K42. With the help of these switches, the current coming from the B4 block is switched, and it is redistributed at the required time points to the first and second outputs of the device. The operation of the keys is controlled by means of pulses arriving at the control electrodes of the keys, generated by the B1 unit and distributed by the B2 unit.

VII. Literature

1. Gavrilov L.P. Alternating current generator based on a cyclotron energy converter of microwave oscillations Patent No. 2753765 dated November 27, 2020.

2. Budzinsky Yu.F., Bykovsky S.B., Vange V. Unconventional vacuum microwave electronics based on transverse waves of the electron flow / ELECTRONICS, Science, Technologies, Business, No. 4, 2005.

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4. Gavrilov L.P. Generator of multiphase EMF system

5. Gavrilov L.P. Multiphase EMF system generator for mobile devices Patent 2671539 dated 11/01/2018.

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Claims (18)

Cyclotron resonant converter (CRC), which converts the energy of high-frequency electromagnetic oscillations of the microwave frequency range introduced into the device into direct current energy (a direct current source), which is removed from poles 11 ₁ and 11 ₂ (block B4) and then converted into the energy of two magnitude-controlled flows of electromagnetic energy of alternating current of a given frequency, the frequency of alternating current is set by the clock pulse generator of the control unit (B1), the energy value of each flow is controlled discretely from zero to the maximum value using a three-position switch, the energy of the first flow (generator G1) is removed from the poles 10 ₁₁ -10 ₂₁ , the second flow of AC energy (generator G2) is removed from the poles 10 ₁₂ -10 ₂₂ , characterized in that it contains: - control unit (B1), which is connected by means of output poles (poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ ) to the control pulse switch (block B2), consists of a clock pulse generator (GTI) (1), an AND element (2), a counter of the number of pulses (3), comparison circuits (4), register (5), device start button (6 ₁ ), decoder (7), input for setting the number of time intervals (6 ₂ ), GTI output (1) is connected to the first input of the AND element (2), the device start button (6 ₁ ) is connected to the second input of the AND element (2), the output of the AND element (2) is connected to the first input of the counter (3), the output of which is connected to the input of the decoder (7) and to the first input of the circuit comparison (4,) the output of the comparison circuit (4) is connected to the second input of the counter (3), the register (5) is connected to the second input of the comparison circuit (4), at the input (6 ₂ ) of which the number of time intervals n is entered in the period T, from the output of the counter (3) the pulses are fed to the input of the decoder (7), the output poles (8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ ) of the decoder (7) are connected to o poles of the same name 8 ₁ ... 8 _{12 of} switch P1 of module B21 and poles of the same name 8 ₁ ... 8 _{12 of} switch P2 of module B22, which are located in block B2; - control pulse switching unit (block B2), which contains synchronously operating switches P1 and P2 with input poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ at switch P1 and input poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₁₂ at switch P2, each switch has three positions 1-2- 3, in position 1 of switch P1, control signals are transmitted from input poles 8 ₁ ... 8 ₆ by means of diodes D1.1 ... D1.6 to the output pole for block B2 12 ₁ , through diodes D1.7 ... D1.12 control pulses are transmitted from input poles 8 ₇ ... 8 ₁₂ to the output for block B2 pole 12 ₂ , in position 2 of switch P1, control pulses from input poles with numbers 8 ₂ ... 8 ₅ through diodes D2.2 ... D2.5 arrive at pole 12 _{1 of} the switch, and through diodes D2.8 ... D2.11 from poles 8 ₈ ... 8 ₁₁ control pulses arrive at pole 12 _{2 of} the switch, in position 3 of switch P1, control pulses from input poles with numbers 8 ₃ and 8 ₄ through diodes D3.3 and D3.4 form a positive output signal that goes to pole 12 _{1 of} the switch, and through diodes D3.9 and D3.10 control pulses from poles 8 ₉ and 8 ₁₀ arrive at pole 12 _{2 of} the switch, in position 1 of switch P2, control pulses do not arrive at the output poles of the switch, in position 2 of switch P2 from input poles 8 ₁ and 8 ₆ through diodes D4.1 and D4.6 control signals are sent to pole 12 _{3 of} the switch, and from input poles 8 ₇ and 8 ₁₂ through diodes D4.7 and D4.12 control signal arrive at pole 12 ₄ , in position 3 of the P2 switch, from the input poles 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ and 8 ₅ , 8 ₆ through diodes D5.1 and D5.2, as well as D5.5 and D5.6, control signals are sent to pole 12 _{3 of} the switch, in position 3 of the P2 switch, from the input poles 8 ₇ , 8 ₈ and 8 ₁₁ , 8 ₁₂ , through diodes D5.7 and D5.8, as well as D5.11 and D5.12, control signals are sent to pole 12 _{4 of} the switch; - switching unit of power impulses B3, which contains: - input poles 11 ₁ and 11 ₂ , with the help of which the switching unit of power impulses is connected to the current source, block B4, the current is taken from the collector poles (24) - common bus (ground) of the CRP, - module B31 with output poles 10 ₁₁ and 10 ₂₁ , which are the output poles for the entire device (generator G1), - module B32 with output poles 10 ₁₂ and 10 ₂₂ , which are the output poles for the entire device (generator G2), - input poles 11 ₁ and 11 _2, with the help of which block B3 is connected to block B4, - input poles 12 ₁ and 12 _2, through which module B31 is connected to module B21 of block B2, - input poles 12 ₃ and 12 _4, through which module B32 is connected to module B22 of block B2, - controlled power switches K11, K21, K31, K41, related to module B31, the first input of the keys K11 and K21 is connected to pole 11 ₁ of block B4, the second input of the key K11 is connected to pole 12 ₁ , the second input of the key K21 is connected to pole 12 ₂ , the output of key K11 is connected to pole 10 ₁₁ , the output of key K21 is connected to pole 10 ₂₁ , the first input of keys K31 and K41 is connected to pole 11 ₂ , the second input of key K31 is connected to pole 12 ₁ , the second input of key K41 is connected to pole 12 ₂ , the output of the key K31 is connected to the pole 10 ₂₁ , the output of the key K41 is connected to the pole 10 ₁₁ , - controlled power switches K12, K22, K32, K42, related to module B32, the first input of the keys K12 and K22 is connected to pole 11 ₁ of block B4, the second input of the key K12 is connected to pole 12 ₃ , the second input of the key K22 is connected to pole 12 ₄ , the output of key K12 is connected to pole 10 ₁₂ , the output of key K22 is connected to pole 10 ₂₂ , the first input of keys K32 and K42 is connected to pole 11 ₂ , the second input of key K32 is connected to pole 12 ₃ , the second input of key K42 is connected to pole 12 ₄ , the output of the key K32 is connected to pole 10 ₂₂ , the output of the key K42 is connected to pole 10 ₁₂ .

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