RU2040632C1 - Enclosure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering. SUBSTANCE: enclosure has foundation mat on pile supports 1 with upper and lower constructions in the form of large-sized blocks 6, 11, 12 of box-type structure. The blocks are separated into cells to pass through pile supports installed over one another, and resting on stops 5 through lower large-size block 12 made in the form of H-beam. The stops are fastened on pile supports. Large-size blocks of upper construction are made in the form of vertical wave suppressing screens 7. The screens are fixed on both sides of screen of the boxes. Large-size blocks located at the level of the bed and lower are joint using common axes and holes positioned in adjacent walls. Lower large-size block 12 is provided with bottom- partitions located on end cells. Large-size blocks located in the area of variable water line at the level of bed surface, as well as between them there is a space of compartments surrounding pile supports which is filled with solid concrete 19 with different height. Wave suppressing screens 7 have symmetric through holes 27 in the form of passages with axes inclined to one another at an acute angle and are directed towards the nearest box. There are cuts with coupled mounting devices in the form of vertical plates fixed in lateral walls of the cuts and provided with stops in the form of cylinders suitable for hook of a floating crane located in the top of large-size blocks in the center of the screen. EFFECT: high technological effectiveness, decreased timescale and materials consumption. 5 cl, 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering for marine, lake and river protective structures that can be used at wave heights of up to 5 m, ice sheet thickness up to 0.7 m, depths up to 20 m and various ground conditions.

 A deep-pier pier type pier on shell piles with a diameter of 1.6 m is known, with a reinforced concrete longitudinal crossbar upper structure made of continuous frame sections and an artificial base in the form of a reinforced concrete box towering above the bottom, separated by partitions into compartments [1]. Pile sheaths are passed through the centers of compartments . The space inside the compartments between the shell piles and the walls of the box is filled with sandy soil. The outer walls of the box on both sides of the pier have a greater height than the inner ones, and their protruding ends are immersed to a shallow depth in the bottom soil. The width of the box does not exceed the width of the upper structure.

 This design of the artificial base allows you to increase the bearing capacity of the piles-shells on the horizontal load and ultimately reduce the length of the piles-shells.

 However, the known structure can be effectively used with strong base soils or soils of medium density. With weak base soils, in the case of a thick layer, the artificial base settles under the influence of its own weight, which, after long-term stabilization of the base, leads to an increase in the volume of building materials and construction time.

 Known enclosure containing gantry pile supports, the upper structure, a wave protection hard shield suspended from the upper structure in the space between the gantry supports [2] The wave protection screen is buried in the ground with the formation of a gap between its end and the ground, and the end of the wave protection screen is equipped with a knife. In addition, to reduce the friction of the soil on the side surfaces of the wave protection screen, a clip is located in the soil.

 However, in a known enclosure in a zone of variable water level, the pile supports are not provided with structures that protect them from the effects of ice cover, which reduces the durability of the structure. In addition, the deepening of the waveguide screen into the bottom soil with the holder below it in the ground requires a labor-intensive underwater work involving divers.

 Closest to the invention is a protective structure, including a pile mortar with the upper structure in the form of a large block box, the slab of which has cutouts and shafts for installing the box on the gantry pile supports with their subsequent monolithic [3] Pile supports contact with the inner surface of the walls of the box, which are wave-protective screens pulled down by flexible ties. Above the water level, the pile supports are pivotally interconnected by transverse and longitudinal bonds. Below the water level on the pile supports on both sides wedge-shaped ballasting containers partially immersed in the ground with a load of stone are articulated. Containers are secured with clamps, articulated movable supports and stops fixed to pile supports. Flexible connections are equipped with stops and centrally fixed rods. The upper ends of the rods are passed through the cutouts in the duct plate and are tensioned using the support plates and nuts.

 A large-block box is manufactured on a slipway platform and after launching it is delivered afloat to the construction site using mounting ballasting pontoons mounted on the side walls of the box. Installation of the box in the structure is carried out in a semi-submerged vertical position.

 However, the well-known enclosure has a number of disadvantages, which are the busy structure, the complexity of the nodes of the elements, as well as the fact that a significant part of the work is carried out at sea. So, for a large-block box, the main loads are during launching, transportation afloat and installation. Its large weight (in the case of a large depth of water before the structure) should be perceived as spaced, eccentrically fixed to the side walls of the pantons if there is only a flexible connection between the walls at the bottom during transportation and if it is not installed when the box is installed in the structure. To prevent the destruction of the box at this moment, its profile must be strengthened, which entails the growth of its mass and breaking points. In addition, for fastening pontoons to the walls of the box, it is necessary to use bolts and nuts of large sizes. To operate with them and flexible rods have to open raid. When containers with ballast are immersed on pile supports with existing tolerances for immersion of piles, jamming is possible. In addition, wedge-shaped containers with horizontal movements of pile supports experience lesser frontal resistance of the soil than the vertical recessed walls of the box of the described artificial base, which ultimately reduces the bearing capacity of the structure. In general, the use of the well-known protective structure is limited by the requirement of partial protection of the water area from wave action.

 These shortcomings in the proposed protective structure are minimized. The tasks of increasing the manufacturability and reliability of the structure, as well as reducing the time of its construction by eliminating complex assemblies in the structure, using vertical pile supports and standardized precast monolithic large-block elements, which make it possible to use industrial methods for constructing the structure and their effective combined interaction with water and soil, were solved Wednesday.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed protective structure, including a pile grillage with an upper structure in the form of large-block elements equipped with wave protection screens, the lower structure in the form of large-block elements, stops fixed on pile supports below the bottom level, monopolizing units of large-block elements with pile supports, wave breaker, in contrast to the well-known pile supports are vertically immersed in the bottom soil, all large-block elements have a box-like structure, are divided into compartments, are mounted one on top of the other and are supported by the lower large-block element in the form of an I-shaped construction in plan view on the stops fixed on the pile supports, while the large-block elements of the upper structure are made in the form of vertical wave-shields and rigidly connected to them, divided into compartments of boxes located on both sides of the screens, and the pile supports passed through the compartments of the boxes of all large-block elements, part of them located between the upper and lower large-block elements containing nozaschitnye screens performed without ducts halves compartments and coarse-part elements substructure without breakwater situated near the bottom of the screens.

 A large-block element located near the bottom, directly near its surface, is made with holes in the lower parts of the end walls, the extreme boxes of the lower large-block element are equipped with partitions horizontally fixed inside them, and the walls of its inner boxes rising above the lower large-block element on both sides of its axis of symmetry protrusions containing holes through which, as well as opposite to them, located holes in the large-block element at the bottom surface are passed horizontal connections axles equipped with heads, threads and nuts at the ends.

 In large-block elements located in the zone of a variable water horizon near the bottom surface, and also between them, the internal space of compartments around the pile supports is filled with monolithic concrete to different heights, and, in addition, the upper large-block element is fixed motionless relative to the pile supports with special screws located in the walls of the boxes.

 On large-block elements filled with monolithic concrete, prior to concreting, before installing the elements, bottom formwork pans with central holes for passing pile supports are fixed in the horizontal plane.

 Waveguard screens have through holes in the form of channels, the axes of which make an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the screen.

 Large-block elements at the top in the center of the screen have cut-outs with paired mounting devices placed in them, each of which contains vertical plates embedded with ends into the side walls of the cut-outs and horizontal stops in the form of cylinders fixed to vertical plates in the space between them under the crane hook, and the ends vertical plates fastened flush with the plates.

 The proposed enclosure meets the criterion of "novelty", since it is not known from the prior art, and meets the criterion of "inventive step", since for a specialist it does not explicitly follow from the prior art.

 In Fig.1 shows a protective structure, a cross section; in FIG. 2 section of the protective structure, front view; in Fig.3 a section aa in Fig. 2; in Fig.4 a section bB in Fig.2; figure 5 section bb in figure 2; in FIG. 6 node I in figure 3 and 4; in Fig.7 section GG in Fig.6; on Fig section DD in Fig. 2; in FIG. 9 section EE in figure 1; figure 10 view G in figure 8; in Fig. 11, section ЗЗ in Fig. 10.

 The enclosing structure contains pile supports 1 (Fig. 1), immersed through the thickness of weak soils 2 to a small depth in dense soils 3, equipped with shoes 4 and stops 5, large-block elements 6 in the upper and lower structures in the form of vertical wave shields 7 (Fig. 3) with boxes 8 located on both sides of the screens, large-block elements 9 (Fig. 1) without halves 10 of the end compartments of the boxes 8 (Fig. 4), large-block elements 11 without wave screens, located near the bottom (Fig. 5), large-block I-shaped element 12 ktsii box structure supported on the supports 5 and connected via openings in the projections 13 and 14 connecting axes (5 and 9) with the large-member 11 having openings in the end walls (9). The upper coarse-grained element 6 is fastened relative to the pile supports with special screws 15 located in the walls of the boxes (Figs. 1-3) and has a rigid connection with the wave-breaking visor 16 by means of embedded anchor parts 17 released from the walls of the boxes 8 (Fig. 3). In large-block elements 6 located in the zone of a variable water horizon 18, near the bottom surface, and also between them, the inner space of the compartments around the pile supports 1 is filled with monolithic concrete 19 at different heights (Fig. 1, 5, 8, 9). If necessary, large-block elements 6 located in the zone of a variable water horizon can be provided in the middle part along the perimeter with embedded steel sheets 20 (Fig. 1), which protect the concrete structure from destruction. The extreme boxes of the lower large-block element 12 are provided with horizontally fixed inside them partitions 21 (figures 1 and 9). Each large-block element, with the exception of element 12, has a rectangular cutout 22 in the top center with a paired mounting device for installing large-block elements (Figs. 6 and 7). The mounting device contains vertically arranged plates 23, sealed with their ends in the side walls of the cutout 22, and fixed to the vertical plates 23 in the space between them, the stops 24 horizontally in the form of cylinders for the hook of the crane 25. The ends of the vertical plates 23 facing the axis of the cutout 22 are unfastened plates 26.

 Waveguard screens 7 are made with through channels 27 (Fig.1-3), which constitute an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the screen 7. On large-block elements 6 filled with monolithic concrete 19, formwork sheets-pallets 28 with central holes 29 for passing pile supports 1 are fixed from below (Figs. 10 and 11).

 The construction of the fence is carried out in the following sequence.

 After breaking down the construction site, with the help of a floating conductor, 2, 3 pile supports 1 are immersed in the soil to the design depth. The large-block elements 12, 11, 6, 9, 6 (Fig. 1) are installed by floating crane to a variable water horizon 18 (previously, the large-block element 11 is mounted on the large-block element 12 and then they are installed on the bottom as a single element). Due to the small box-sectional area of the large-block element 12, the large dead weight of all the structures installed on it and the weak soils 2 of the bottom, the large-block element 12 pushes through the soil 2, partially compacting it and displacing it to the sides. As a result, all large-block elements to the water horizon 18 are installed in the design position for a relatively short period of time. Using the method of vertically rising pipes using monolithic concrete 19, the internal space of the compartments around the pile supports 1 is filled in large-block elements 11 and 6 located near the bottom, in the zone of the variable water horizon 18 and between them. The following rows of coarse-grained elements 9, 6 and a wave-breaking visor 16 are installed. Using screws 15, the upper large-block element 6 is fastened, and the wave-breaking visor 16 is fastened to it by means of embedded anchor parts 17 and fasteners (nuts, etc.). Fixing places are monolithic (filled) with cement-sand mortar.

 The construction works as follows.

 The wave front, having reached baskets of large-block elements, partially breaks down, transforms, and a significant part of the wave energy is extinguished. The rest of the wave energy, acting on the wave protection screen 7, is partially reflected from it, forming a standing wave before the construction, and also partially penetrates through the wave protection screen 7 through channels 27 in the form of jet streams of water directed to the walls of the boxes 8 (from the rear side). Reflecting from the walls of the boxes 8, the jet streams are subsequently completely extinguished.

 From the action of the wave load (or ice pressure) on large-block elements 6, 9, soils 2, 3 and pile supports 1 of the structure are included in the work. The external load causes periodic horizontal movements of the structure, as well as its roll, which is prevented by the dead weight of the structure, large frontal resistance of the soil 2 along the side surface and the bottom of the large-block element 12 of the lower structure, and, in addition, the reactive resistance of the soil 3 acting along the side surface and the bottom of the pile supports 1. The lower structure of the structure in combination with pile supports 1 works as a low pile grillage. In the case of occurrence at the base of the structure in the entire thickness of the soil base of medium density soils, the stops 5 are fixed on pile supports 1 at the bottom surface. In this case, the large-block element 12 of the lower structure is excluded from the structure.

 Based on detailed comparative calculations of the proposed structure and prototype, it was found that the material consumption in both cases is approximately the same. This ensures the necessary operational stability of the proposed structure for any soil in the base.

 The claimed technical solution in comparison with the prototype does not have such disadvantages as busy design, the complexity of the nodes of the elements. An advantage of the proposed construction is also that construction and installation work in an open roadstead is minimized.

 In the proposed solution, the design of large-block elements is simpler than that of the prototype, and the technology for their manufacture is less complicated. Thanks to the proposed installation device, the installation of large-block elements using a floating crane is generally performed with less time spent on the construction of the structure and less time-consuming. In addition, the design of large-block reinforced concrete elements in the proposed structure allows them to be manufactured in one formwork using industrial methods. The result is a reduction in material costs.

Claims (5)

 1. PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTION, including a pile grillage with a top structure in the form of large-block elements equipped with wave protection shields, a lower structure in the form of large-block elements, stops fixed on pile supports below the bottom, units of monolithic large-block elements with different pile supports, wave that the pile supports are immersed vertically in the bottom soil, all large-block elements are made in the form of a box-like structure, divided into compartments, which are installed one on top of the other and rest They are driven by means of a lower large-block element in the form of an I-shaped construction in terms of supports fixed on pile supports, while large-block elements of the upper structure are made in the form of vertical wave-shields and rigidly connected to them and divided into compartments of boxes located on both sides of the screens, moreover, pile supports are passed through the compartments of the boxes of all large-block elements, some of them located between the upper and lower large-block elements containing wave-shielding screens are made with closed by an end tip boxes and the structure of the lower large-block elements is in the form of closed ducts with compartments, situated near the transverse axis of the construction and at the bottom surface of the soil.  2. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the large-block element located at the bottom surface, directly near its surface, is made with holes in the lower parts of the end walls, the extreme boxes of the lower large-block element are provided with horizontally fixed partitions inside them, and its walls inner boxes towering above the lower coarse-grained element on both sides of the axis of symmetry of the protrusions made with holes through which, and also opposite to them located holes in the coarse horizontal connecting axes, equipped with heads, threads and nuts at the ends, are missing at the bottom surface of the bottom element.  3. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that in large-block elements located in the zone of a variable water horizon, near the bottom surface, and also between them, the internal space of the compartments around the pile supports is filled with monolithic concrete at different heights, while the upper large-block element fixed motionless relative to the pile supports with screws located in the walls of the boxes.  4. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the waveguide screens are made with through holes symmetrically located relative to the transverse axis of the screen, the axes of which are an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the screen.  5. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the large-block elements at the top in the center of the screen are made with cut-outs and paired mounting devices placed in them, each of which contains vertical plates embedded with ends in the side walls of the cut-outs and fixed to the vertical plates from below, in the space between them there are horizontal stops in the form of cylinders under the hook of the floating crane, the ends of the vertical plates being fixed flush with the plates.

Images