RU202824U1 - Hydrocyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to combined devices for separating heterogeneous liquid media and can be used in agricultural land reclamation during water treatment or water treatment for drip irrigation systems, microirrigation and sprinkling. The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of cleaning irrigation water from floating impurities. The stated technical result is achieved by the fact that the cylindrical sorption filter is made of a porous fibrous material, pretreated with a hydrophobic reagent - polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, the mass of which is 0.4-1.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter, and the sorbent of petroleum products - a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with the length of the organic chain C10-C25, the mass of which is 2.4-3.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter.

Description

The utility model relates to combined devices for separating heterogeneous liquid media and can be used in agricultural land reclamation during water treatment or water treatment for drip irrigation, microirrigation and sprinkling systems.

Known hydrocyclone containing a housing that includes mated cylindrical and conical shells, tangential inlet for feeding the original product, sand pipe for withdrawing a heavy product, drain pipe for removing the clarified product, filter element and sludge collector, and the conical shell is equipped with a baffle device rigidly fixed to a movable rod, and a guide element, and the filter element is made in the form of a semi-permeable membrane fixed in a cylindrical shell (Patent No. 40015 RU IPC B04C 5/22 dated 27.08.2004).

The disadvantages of the known hydrocyclone include the impossibility of removing floating impurities from the irrigation water, as well as the complexity of the design and operation of the hydrocyclone.

Known hydrocyclone containing a tangential inlet, a drain pipe for the output of a light product with a filter element and an unloading connection for the output of a heavy product, and the drain pipe of the hydrocyclone in the upper part is equipped with a bulk sorption filter with zeolite loading, and the filter element contains the inner and outer layers of the mesh support frame, between which there is at least one filtering partition (Patent No. 158008 RU IPC B04C 5/22 dated 20.12.2015).

The disadvantages of the known hydrocyclone include the impossibility of removing floating impurities from the irrigation water and the difficulty of regenerating a bulk sorption filter with a zeolite load, which is due to the need to use special regenerating solutions.

The closest technical solution in terms of the totality of features to the claimed device and taken as a prototype is a hydrocyclone containing a housing that includes conjugated cylindrical and conical shells, a tangential inlet for feeding the original product, a sand pipe for withdrawing a heavy product, a drain pipe for withdrawing a clarified product, equipped with a filter an element with a filtering side surface and a cylindrical sorption filter immersed on the upper edge of the tangential inlet, installed coaxially with a drain pipe and placed on a disk, forming an additional chamber for collecting the clarified product from above in the cylindrical shell, equipped with an additional drain pipe for removing the clarified product (Patent No. 184122 RU IPC B04C 5/22 dated 16.10.2018).

The disadvantages of the known hydrocyclone include the insufficient efficiency of removing floating impurities from the irrigation water due to the selective absorption of pollutants by the sorption filter , as well as the complexity of the sorption filter regeneration, which is due to the need to use special regenerating solutions.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of cleaning irrigation water from floating impurities.

The delivered technical result is achieved by the fact that a hydrocyclone containing a housing including mating cylindrical and conical shells, a tangential inlet for feeding the initial product, a sand pipe for withdrawing a heavy product, a drain pipe for withdrawing a clarified product, equipped with a filter element with a filtering side surface, and a cylindrical sorption filter, the lower edge of which is at the level of the upper edge of the tangential inlet, installed coaxially with a drain pipe on a disk that forms an additional upper chamber in the cylindrical shell for collecting the clarified product with an additional drain pipe for its output, and the cylindrical sorption filter is made of porous fibrous material pretreated with a hydrophobic reagent - polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, the mass of which is 0.4-1.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter, and bent of oil products - a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C ₁₀ -C ₂₅ , the mass of which is 2.4-3.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter.

Cylindrical sorption filter made of a porous fibrous material, which can be used as various carriers: cotton, basalt fiber, peat, industrial cotton wool, nitrone and other synthetic and natural fibrous materials, treated with a hydrophobic reagent - polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, and a sorbent of petroleum products - a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C ₁₀ -C ₂₅ , allows you to effectively remove from the clarified product such floating impurities as petroleum products and regenerate the sorption filter by the action of centrifugal forces or pressure, which excludes the use of special regenerating solutions in the process of its recovery properties.

Pretreatment of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter with polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene provides it with hydrophobic properties, which will allow it to maintain its sorption capacity for a longer time, and hence the high efficiency of cleaning irrigation water from floating impurities.

Pretreatment of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter with a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C ₁₀ –C ₂₅ provides the cylindrical sorption filter with properties attracting oil products, which can significantly increase the efficiency of cleaning irrigation water from floating impurities.

Treatment of a sorption filter with a hydrophobic reagent in a ratio of more than 1.4% of the mass of a porous fibrous material, and a sorbent of oil products of less than 2.4% of a mass of a porous fibrous material, does not provide a sufficient sorption capacity of the filter, and, therefore, reduces the efficiency of capturing floating impurities from water ...

Treatment of a sorption filter with a hydrophobic reagent in a ratio of less than 0.4% of the mass of a porous fibrous material, and a sorbent of oil products of more than 3.4% of a mass of a porous fibrous material, does not lead to a significant increase in the sorption capacity of the filter, while the hydrophobicity of the material decreases, which negatively affects on the efficiency of capturing floating impurities from water.

The efficiency of water purification from floating impurities, including oil products, is characterized by the final (residual) concentration of pollutants at the outlet of the hydrocyclone. The higher the sorption capacity of the filter, the lower the final concentration of floating impurities in the water, and, consequently, the higher the efficiency of the cleaning process.

The drawing shows a general view of a hydrocyclone.

The hydrocyclone contains a body, which includes mating cylindrical 1 and conical 2 shells, a tangential inlet 3 for feeding the initial product, a drain pipe 4 for removing the clarified product, equipped with a filter element 5 with a filtering side surface, a sand pipe 6 for removing a heavy product, installed coaxially with a drain nozzle 4 sorption filter 7, made of porous fibrous material, pretreated with a hydrophobic reagent - polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, the mass of which is 0.4-1.4% of the mass of porous fibrous material of the sorption filter 7, and the sorbent of petroleum products - a mixture fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C ₁₀ -C ₂₅ , the mass of which is 2.4-3.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter 7, the lower edge of which is at the level of the upper edge of the tangential input 3, located on the disk 8, forming from above into a cylinder an additional chamber 9 for collecting the clarified product, equipped with an additional drain pipe 10 for the output of the clarified product.

The hydrocyclone works as follows.

Irrigation water containing coarse and finely dispersed mechanical particles, as well as impurities of petroleum products, enters through the tangential inlet 3 into the cylindrical shell 1 of the hydrocyclone body. The flow of water in the hydrocyclone swirls, while the heavy product (coarse particles), characterized by a higher density of water, hitting the walls of the body, goes down along the conical shell 2 and is discharged through the sand pipe 6 to remove the heavy product. Fine particles contained in the water flow are deposited on the filtering side surface of the filter element 5, and part of the clarified water is discharged through the drain pipe 4 to remove the clarified product.

Part of the water flow, mainly containing floating impurities, for example oil products, with a lower density of the clarified product, moving in a centrifugal field, is directed from the periphery of the housing to the side filtering surface of the filtering element 5 mounted on the drain pipe 4. Due to the buoyancy force, these impurities, moving along the side filtering surface of the filter element 5, they abut against the sorption filter 7, which is made of a porous fibrous material, pretreated with a hydrophobic reagent - polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, the mass of which is 0.4-1.4% of the mass of porous fibrous the material of the sorption filter 7, and the sorbent of petroleum products - a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C ₁₀ -C ₂₅ , the mass of which is 2.4-3.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter 7. Sorption filter 7, installed coaxially with drain plug ubok 4 and placed on the disk 8, absorbs floating impurities on its surface, while part of the water flow passing through this filter 7 is diverted into an additional chamber 9 for collecting the clarified product, and then discharged through an additional drain pipe 10 for the output of the clarified product.

An example of calculating the mass of a sorption filter for capturing oil products from irrigation water.

The volume of irrigation water corresponding to 1 cycle of operation with a duration of τ = 10 hours of a hydrocyclone GN-100 with a capacity of Q = 5 m ³ / h is:

V = Q ∙ τ = 50 ∙ 10 ³ l.

The amount of oil products supplied with irrigation water at 1 cycle of operation of the hydrocyclone GN-100 and the concentration of oil products C = 10 mg / l:

n = C ∙ V = 50 ∙ 10 ⁴ mg.

For a sorption filter containing 2.8 mass. % sorbent and 1.0 wt. % of hydrophobic reagent, capacity E = 53.2 g of oil / 1 g of sorbent (Table 1).

Sorption filter weight (taking into account 10% work margin):

m = n / E = 10.4 g.

When the sorption capacity decreases, the sorption filter is regenerated by centrifugal force or pressure.

The sorption capacity of the filter (A, g / g) determines the efficiency of extracting floating impurities, including oil products, from water:

A = (C _n - C _k ) * V / m

where C _n and C _to - the initial and final concentration of oil products in water, g / l;

V is the volume of the solution, l;

m - weight of sorbent, g.

Thus, with constant sorbent mass and initial concentration of oil products, the higher the sorption capacity, the lower the final concentration of oil products in water, and, consequently, the higher the efficiency of the purification process.

The sorption capacity of the filter material, which does not contain a sorbent - a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids, varies in the range of 5-15 g / g.

Table 1 - Characteristics of a sorption filter based on cotton, treated with a sorbent (a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C ₁₀ -C ₂₅ ) and a hydrophobic reagent (polybutadiene)

The composition of the mixture, wt. % Relative hydrophobicity,% Sorption capacity for oil, g / g Sorbent Hydrophobic reagent 3.8 0.0 23 48.6 3.6 0.2 44 42.3 3.5 0.3 45 43.8 3.4 0,4 51 50.4 3.0 0.8 64 51.8 2.8 1.0 88 52.2 2.6 1,2 one hundred 50.1 2.4 1.4 one hundred 45.4 2.2 1.6 one hundred 40.0

The data presented in table 1 allow us to conclude that a porous fibrous partition, a hydrophobic reagent and a sorbent of oil products taken in a ratio of 100: (0.4-1.4) :( 2.4-3.4) provide optimal values of hydrophobicity and the capacity of the sorption filter.

In the design of the hydrocyclone, taken as a prototype, it is proposed to use various natural and synthetic sorbents as a sorbent, including modified zeolites, the sorption capacity of which in relation to petroleum products is 0.25-2.8 mg / g, which is significantly lower than the sorption capacity of the filter the proposed design (Processes of wastewater treatment from petroleum products using modified zeolites: abstract of the dissertation of candidate of technical sciences: 05.17.08 / MV Obuzdin. - Tomsk, 2011. -19 p.).

Thus, the implementation of a cylindrical sorption filter made of a porous fibrous material, pretreated with a hydrophobic reagent - polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, the mass of which is 0.4-1.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter, and the sorbent of oil products - a mixture of fractions alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C ₁₀ -C ₂₅ , the mass of which is 2.4-3.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter, contributes to a significant increase in the efficiency of cleaning irrigation water from floating impurities.

Claims (2)

1. A hydrocyclone containing a housing including mating cylindrical and conical shells, a tangential inlet for feeding the initial product, a sand branch pipe for removing a heavy product, a drain branch pipe for removing a clarified product, equipped with a filtering element with a filtering side surface, and a cylindrical sorption filter, the lower edge which is located at the level of the upper edge of the tangential inlet, installed coaxially with a drain pipe on a disk, which forms an additional upper chamber in the cylindrical shell for collecting the clarified product with an additional drain pipe for its output, characterized in that the cylindrical sorption filter is made of porous fibrous material, preliminary treated with a hydrophobic reagent, the mass of which is 0.4-1.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter, and the sorbent of petroleum products - a mixture of fractions of alkylcarboxylic acids with an organic chain length of C10-C25, mass which is 2.4-3.4% of the mass of the porous fibrous material of the sorption filter. 2. A hydrocyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that, for example, polypropylene, polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene are used as the hydrophobic reagent.

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