RU211553U1 - Hydrocyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to combined devices for separating heterogeneous liquid media and can be used in agricultural reclamation for water treatment or water treatment for drip irrigation, micro-irrigation and sprinkling systems. The hydrocyclone includes conjugated cylindrical and conical shells, a tangential inlet for supplying the initial product, a sand pipe for withdrawing a heavy product, a drain pipe for withdrawing a clarified product. The drain pipe is equipped with a filter element with a filtering side surface and a sorption filter immersed along the upper edge of the tangential inlet, mounted coaxially with the drain pipe and placed on a disk that forms an additional chamber in the cylindrical shell on top to collect the clarified product, equipped with an additional drain pipe to output the clarified product . Moreover, the sorption filter is formed by perforated rings placed at a distance of 15 mm from one another with a perforation diameter of 2 mm, covered from below and from above with a layer of filter sorbing material 4 mm thick made of synthetic and natural fibers. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of irrigation water purification from fine floating impurities and microdrops of organic pollutants. 2 ill., 1 pr.

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to combined devices for separating heterogeneous liquid media and can be used in agricultural reclamation for water purification or water treatment for drip irrigation systems, micro-irrigation and sprinkling.

Known hydrocyclone containing a housing, including conjugated cylindrical and conical shells, tangential input for supplying the original product, a sand pipe for outputting a heavy product, a drain pipe for outputting a clarified product, a filter element and a sludge collector, moreover, the conical shell is equipped with a fender rigidly fixed to the a movable rod and a guide element, and the filter element is made in the form of a semi-permeable membrane fixed in a cylindrical shell (Patent No. 40015 RU IPC B04C 5/22 dated 27.08.2004).

The disadvantages of the known hydrocyclone include the impossibility of removing fine floating impurities and microdrops of organic pollutants from irrigation water, as well as the complexity of the design and operation of the hydrocyclone.

Known hydrocyclone containing a tangential input, a drain pipe for the output of a light product with a filter element and a discharge fitting for the output of a heavy product, and the hydrocyclone drain pipe in the upper part is equipped with a bulk sorption filter with a zeolite load, and the filter element contains the inner and outer layers of the mesh support frame, between which at least one filtering partition is placed (Patent No. 158008 RU IPC B04C 5/22 dated 12/20/2015).

The disadvantages of the known hydrocyclone include the impossibility of removing fine floating impurities and microdroplets of organic pollutants from irrigation water.

The closest technical solution in terms of the totality of features to the claimed device and adopted as a prototype is a hydrocyclone containing a body including mating cylindrical and conical shells, a tangential inlet for supplying the initial product, a sand pipe for outputting a heavy product, a drain pipe for outputting a clarified product, equipped with a filter an element with a filtering side surface and a cylindrical sorption filter immersed along the upper edge of the tangential inlet, installed coaxially with a drain pipe and placed on a disk, forming an additional chamber in the cylindrical shell on top for collecting the clarified product, equipped with an additional drain pipe for outputting the clarified product (Patent No. 184122 RU IPC B04C 5/22 dated 10/16/2018).

The disadvantages of the known hydrocyclone include the lack of efficiency in removing fine floating impurities and microdroplets of organic pollutants by a cylindrical sorption filter.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of irrigation water purification from fine floating impurities and microdrops of organic pollutants.

The stated technical result is achieved by the fact that a hydrocyclone, including conjugated cylindrical and conical shells, a tangential inlet for supplying the initial product, a sand pipe for withdrawing a heavy product, a drain pipe for withdrawing a clarified product, equipped with a filter element with a filtering side surface and a sorption filter immersed along the upper edge of the tangential inlet, installed coaxially with the drain pipe and placed on the disk, forming an additional chamber on top in the cylindrical shell for collecting the clarified product, equipped with an additional drain pipe for withdrawing the clarified product, moreover, the sorption filter is formed by perforated rings placed at a distance of 15 mm from one another with a perforation diameter of 2 mm, covered from below and from above with a layer of filtering sorbent material 4 mm thick made of synthetic and natural fibers.

The filter sorbent material can be made from the following natural and synthetic fibers: cotton, basalt fiber, technical wool, nitron, carbon fiber polymer materials. The proposed materials have a high filtering capacity for relatively fine impurities and microdroplets of organic pollutants.

The structure of the filter packing can be varied by changing the number of filter layers and the distance between the layers, resulting in several variants of the filter structure, adjusting the degree of purification.

The proposed design of the sorption filter, formed by perforated rings placed at a distance of 15 mm from one another with a perforation diameter of 2 mm, covered from below and above with a layer of filtering sorbing material, increases the filter life in comparison with a filter containing a continuous load of filtering material, which makes it possible to increase the removal efficiency impurities from water and reduce the downtime of the hydrocyclone for regeneration (Dmitrieva, Z.T. Highly efficient adsorption purification of water from hydrocarbon impurities using a disk filter with a variable flow rate // Water, chemistry and ecology. - 2013.- No. 6.- P. 31-38).

Reducing the distance between the perforated rings with the filtering sorbent material to less than 15 mm is impractical due to the fact that in this case the flow hydrodynamics will be similar to the arrangement of the sorption material in a continuous layer.

Increasing the distance between the perforated rings with the filtering sorbent material by more than 15 mm is impractical due to restrictions on the height of the drain pipe, on the outer surface of which the sorption filter is placed.

The proposed diameter of the perforations of the sorption filter rings in the range of 2 mm provides optimal values for the water flow rate in the hydrocyclone and the hydraulic resistance of the apparatus, thereby increasing productivity.

Reducing the diameter of the perforations less than 2 mm will lead to an increase in the hydraulic resistance of the water flow in the apparatus and, as a result, to a decrease in its capacity for purified water.

With an increase in the diameter of the perforations above 2 mm, the hydraulic resistance of the water flow in the apparatus decreases, however, this will significantly increase the flow rate of water in the sorption filter, which will lead to a decrease in the filtration and sorption capacity of the filter and a deterioration in the quality of water purification.

The thickness of the filtering sorbent material layer of 4 mm is due to the fact that the fibrous material layer has the highest sorption capacity at a small thickness, since only the upper thin layer of the sorbent provides the main trapping.

Reducing the thickness of the layer of filtering sorbent material to less than 4 mm will lead to a decrease in the mass of the sorbent placed on the perforated disk and a decrease in the filtration and sorption capacity of the sorbent material.

Increasing the thickness of the filter sorbent material layer by more than 8 mm is impractical, since it will not lead to an increase in the filtration and sorption capacity of the sorbent material, since only the upper thin layer of the sorbent "works" when purifying water with fibrous sorbent materials, after saturation of which the so-called "blocking" of the filter occurs and reduce its throughput.

Improving the efficiency of water purification from fine floating impurities and microdroplets of organic pollutants with a high manufacturability of the device is achieved due to:

1) a larger working area of the sorption filter;

2) varying the structure of the sorption filter by changing the number of filter layers and the distance between the layers, depending on the nature of organic pollutants;

3) increasing the resource of the sorption filter and reducing the idle time of the hydrocyclone for regeneration during the prompt replacement of the sorption filter with a replaceable one (Highly effective adsorption purification of water from hydrocarbon impurities using a disk filter with a variable flow rate / Z.T. Dmitrieva // Water, chemistry and ecology. 2013. No. 6. P. 31-38).

The drawing in Fig.1 shows a General view of the hydrocyclone, in Fig. 2 - sorption filter.

The hydrocyclone contains a housing, including mating cylindrical 1 and conical 2 shells, a tangential inlet 3 for supplying the initial product, a drain pipe 4 for withdrawing a clarified product, equipped with a filter element 5 with a filtering side surface, a sand pipe 6 for withdrawing a heavy product, installed coaxially with a drain branch pipe 4 a sorption filter formed by perforated rings 7 placed at a distance of 15 mm from one another with a perforation diameter of 2 mm, covered from below and from above with a layer of filter sorbing material 8 4 mm thick from synthetic and natural fibers. The sorption filter placed on the disk 9 forms an additional chamber 10 in the cylindrical shell on top for collecting the clarified product, equipped with an additional drain pipe 11 for removing the clarified product. The lower edge of the sorption filter is located at the level of the upper edge of the tangential inlet 3.

The hydrocyclone works as follows.

Irrigation water containing coarse and fine mechanical particles, as well as fine floating impurities and microdrops of organic pollutants, enters through the tangential inlet 3 into the cylindrical shell 1 of the hydrocyclone body. The water flow in the hydrocyclone swirls, while the heavy product (coarse mechanical particles), characterized by a higher density of water, hitting the walls of the housing, goes down along the conical shell 2 and is discharged through the sand pipe 6 to remove the heavy product. Fine mechanical particles contained in the water flow are deposited on the filtering side surface of the filter element 5, and part of the clarified water is discharged through the drain pipe 4 to remove the clarified product.

Part of the water flow with fine floating impurities and microdroplets of organic pollutants, with a density lower than the density of the clarified product, moving in a centrifugal field, is directed from the periphery of the housing to the side filter surface of the filter element 5 mounted on the drain pipe 4. Due to the buoyancy force, these impurities float along side filter surface of the filter element 5, abut against the sorption filter, where, passing through the perforated rings 7, they are deposited on the filter sorbent material 8. additional drain pipe 11 for the output of the clarified product.

Example

We will calculate the area of sorption filters in the prototype and the proposed design, made in the form of rings.

The ring area is calculated by the formula:

(1)

(one)

where R is the outer radius of the ring;

r is the inner radius of the ring;

For the prototype and the proposed design of the sorption filter, the outer radius of the ring R is:

(2)

(2)

(см. фиг. 1 в прототипе и предлагаемой конструкции);where δ is the proportion of the area occupied by the sorption filter relative to the cross-sectional area of the housing, we take

(see Fig. 1 in the prototype and the proposed design);

R _to - the radius of the hydrocyclone body.

For the prototype and the proposed design of the sorption filter, the inner radius of the ring r is equal to the radius of the outlet (drain pipe) R _out :

(3)

(3)

For the prototype, the area of the sorption filter will be:

(4)

(four)

For the proposed design, the area of the sorption filter with the number of filter layers n will be:

(5)

(5)

That is, when n=4 (see figure 2 of the proposed design), the area of the sorption filter of the proposed contraction will be:

(4)

(four)

(4)

(four)

Thus, the area of the sorption filter in the proposed design S _sf2 is 4 times larger than the area of the sorption filter in the prototype S _sf1 . Accordingly, the exchange capacity of the sorption filter in the proposed design E _sf2 (mg-eq/g) will exceed the exchange capacity of the prototype sorption filter E _sf1 (mg-eq/g) by 4 times.

Thus, the design of the sorption filter, formed by perforated rings placed at a distance of 15 mm from one another with a perforation diameter of 2 mm, covered from below and from above with a layer of filter sorbing material 4 mm thick made of synthetic and natural fibers, will allow trapping finely dispersed floating impurities from irrigation water and microdrops of organic pollutants, providing high efficiency rates of irrigation water purification. In addition, the proposed design of the sorption filter will increase the filter resource in comparison with a filter containing a continuous load of filter material.

Claims (1)

Hydrocyclone, including conjugated cylindrical and conical shells, tangential inlet for supplying the initial product, a sand pipe for withdrawing a heavy product, a drain pipe for withdrawing a clarified product, equipped with a filter element with a filtering side surface and a sorption filter immersed along the upper edge of the tangential inlet, mounted coaxially with a drain pipe and placed on a disk, forming an additional chamber for collecting the clarified product in a cylindrical shell, equipped with an additional drain pipe for withdrawing the clarified product, moreover, the sorption filter is formed by perforated rings placed at a distance of 15 mm from one another with a perforation diameter of 2 mm, covered with from above and below with a layer of filtering sorbent material 4 mm thick made of synthetic and natural fibers.

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