RU2019956C1 - Method for growing forest plantations on terraced slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forest growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves marking-out routes on inclined portions of auxiliary terraces and horizontal plots, marking growing trees to be removed on cultural forest terraces. The next steps are preparing sloping portions of auxiliary terraces and clearing horizontal portions on marked silvicultural terraces. Sloping portions of auxiliary terraces are constructed by undercutting piled-up slope of forest-growing terraces and their backfilling their excavated part to form a piled-up slope. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to forestry, and in particular to methods of growing afforestation on terraced slopes, and can be used in reclamation afforestation.

 A known method of growing forest stands on terraced slopes, including the removal of trees lagging behind in growth, and planting "on a stump" of oppressed shrubs. This embodiment of the method improves the quality, stability and health functions of forests.

 However, the felling in the mountains is difficult due to the limited availability of access roads to the developed area and its area.

 There is also a known method of growing forest stands on terraced slopes, including thinning of the stand when the crowns of trees are closed due to individuals that do not meet economic requirements, with 2-3 live whorls left in the removed plants. This embodiment of the method improves the quality of plantings and regulates the density of stands.

 However, its implementation is difficult due to the limited availability of access roads to the mastered area and its area.

 The closest in technical solution is the method of growing forest stands on the terraced slopes, including the formation of access roads on the mastered area by constructing technological terraces in the inter-terrace spaces of forest-cultivated terraces, selective removal of trees lagging behind in growth, and removal of harvested wood. This embodiment of the method provides for the organization of an extensive network of access roads in the area, which facilitates thinning and removal of harvested wood.

 However, additional cutting of technological terraces is an excessively time-consuming operation and leads to damage to the root system of some of the trees grown on the mountain forest terrace. In addition, their device is possible only in the presence of wide inter-terrace spaces.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce labor costs, erosion processes and reduce the area of possible burnout.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that the access roads on the mastered section are formed in the form of zigzag roads, consisting of inclined sections of technological terraces with a length of not more than 50 m, which are cut at an angle to the slope, and horizontal, which form forest cultivated terraces by removing woody vegetation, and the length of the horizontal sections is half the length of the inclined sections. Moreover, the inclined portions technological terraces constructing a longitudinal inclination angle of the slope equal to ^about 30, with the inclined web portions technological terraces give direct bias ^of 2-3 in a transverse direction, and the web of the horizontal sections of roads give reverse bias ^of 4-6.

 In FIG. 1 shows a terraced forest before thinning, top view; figure 2 is the same after the cutting; figure 3 is the same, after the device access roads in the treated forest.

 The drawing shows a sloping forest 1 reserved for thinning, a canvas of forest terraces 2, trees 3 growing on a designated area, an embankment 4 of a forest terrace, trees to be removed; inclined sections of 6 newly cut technological terraces, bulk slope of 7 technological terraces, horizontal section of 8 roads, arranged on forest-cultivated terraces.

 The proposed method of growing forest stands on terraced slopes is as follows.

 On the terraced slope forest 1, tracks are marked out for inclined sections of the technological terraces and horizontal - with a mark of growing trees 3 to be removed on the forest cultivated terraces 2. In the marked tracks, trees 5 (woody vegetation) are completely removed, and in the forest itself selective, only stunted. Harvested wood is carried out to cleared tracks and laid on forest terraces 2.

 Then proceed to the installation of inclined sections 6 of the technological terraces and the clearing of horizontal sections 8 on the marked forest terraces. During the construction of inclined sections of technological roads, the embankment of 4 forest terraces is cut and their embedment is re-filled with the formation of an embankment 7 along the entire length.

The developed method of growing forest stands on terraced slopes was tested in mountain conditions. Crimean pine cultures were created on the canvas of terraces located on the slope 24-29 ^about in 1979. In the winter of 1989, in ameliorative plantations, road markings were made for roads and trees were removed in them. Behind the cleared track in the forest, trees that were stunted were cut. For sawing trees, the MP-5 Ural gasoline saw was used. The removed trees were stacked in bundles on the canvas of forest terraces adjacent to the cleared paths.

Then, in the forest was driven universal bulldozer D-493A for forming inclined portions technological terraces 40-50 m length. The angle of longitudinal inclination of ³⁰ degrees. Canvas inclined sections of roads attached to direct bias ^on 2-3 laterally. At the end of the construction of the inclined section of the technological terrace, the machine operator starts clearing the horizontal section of the forest-cultural terrace, on which the growing trees have been previously removed. A sheet of horizontal sections of the road was given a reverse slope of 4-6 ^about . The length of such sections was limited to 20-30 m. The distance between adjacent inclined sections of technological terraces was 50-80 m.

 After arranging access roads on the mastered slope section, we started to transport the harvested timber with the TPR-1 skidding device mounted on the DT-75M tractor.

The arrangement of access roads in the form of zigzag roads, represented by alternating an inclined section of a newly cut technological terrace with a horizontal one, on a forest-cultural terrace, limited in length, eliminates the development of erosion processes. This is also facilitated by the fact that the fabric of technological terraces gives a direct slope of 2-3 ^about Precipitation falls on an inclined roadbed beyond the bulk slope, without forming a concentrated runoff along it.

 Keeping the distance between inclined sections of roads within 50-60 m reduces the maximum length of the leader of felled trees to 25-40 m. This helps to accelerate the development of forest area.

 The presence of an extensive network of access roads divides the forested area into isolated micro-sites, which allows localizing the burn-up area in the event of fires.

Claims (4)

 1. METHOD FOR GROWING FORESTRY ON TERRACED SLOPES, including the formation of access roads on the mastered area by constructing technological terraces in the inter-terrace spaces of forest cultivated terraces, selective removal of trees lagging behind in growth, and removal of harvested wood, characterized in that, in order to reduce labor costs, reduce erosion processes and reduction of the area of possible burnout, access roads on the mastered area are formed in the form of zigzag roads, consisting of inclined tkov technological terraces length not exceeding 50 m, which is cut at an angle to the slope and the horizontal, which is formed on the web silvicultural terraces by removing from it the woody vegetation, wherein the length of the horizontal sections is half the length of the inclined portions. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined sections of the technological terraces are constructed with a longitudinal slope along the slope of 30 ^o . 3. The method according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that the canvas inclined sections of the technological terraces give a direct slope of 2 - 3 ^o in the transverse direction. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the canvas of horizontal sections of roads give a reverse slope of 4 to 6 ^o .

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