RU2016136382A - Способ получения жестких пенополиуретанов и пенополиизоциануратов - Google Patents

Способ получения жестких пенополиуретанов и пенополиизоциануратов Download PDF

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RU2016136382A
RU2016136382A RU2016136382A RU2016136382A RU2016136382A RU 2016136382 A RU2016136382 A RU 2016136382A RU 2016136382 A RU2016136382 A RU 2016136382A RU 2016136382 A RU2016136382 A RU 2016136382A RU 2016136382 A RU2016136382 A RU 2016136382A
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component
polyol
mol
polyester polyol
mass
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RU2016136382A
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RU2016136382A3 (enExample
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Тобиас КАЛУШКЕ
Гуннар КАМПФ
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Басф Се
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/4009Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
    • C08G18/4018Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/66Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
    • C08G63/668Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/672Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/14Manufacture of cellular products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/16Catalysts
    • C08G18/18Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
    • C08G18/1833Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof having ether, acetal, or orthoester groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4205Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
    • C08G18/4208Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
    • C08G18/4211Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
    • C08G18/4219Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols in combination with polycarboxylic acids and/or polyhydroxy compounds which are at least trifunctional
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4288Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain modified by higher fatty oils or their acids or by resin acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/4825Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/487Polyethers containing cyclic groups
    • C08G18/4879Polyethers containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C08G18/7671Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/66Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
    • C08G63/668Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0014Use of organic additives
    • C08J9/0038Use of organic additives containing phosphorus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/14Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
    • C08J9/141Hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L75/00Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L75/04Polyurethanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00Foam properties
    • C08G2110/0025Foam properties rigid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/14Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04Polyurethanes
    • C08J2375/08Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/66Substances characterised by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/84Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
RU2016136382A 2014-02-11 2015-01-27 Способ получения жестких пенополиуретанов и пенополиизоциануратов RU2016136382A (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14154645 2014-02-11
EP14154645.7 2014-02-11
PCT/EP2015/051569 WO2015121057A1 (de) 2014-02-11 2015-01-27 Verfahren zur herstellung von polyurethan-hartschäumen und polyisocyanurat-hartschäumen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
RU2016136382A true RU2016136382A (ru) 2018-03-15
RU2016136382A3 RU2016136382A3 (enExample) 2018-07-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
RU2016136382A RU2016136382A (ru) 2014-02-11 2015-01-27 Способ получения жестких пенополиуретанов и пенополиизоциануратов

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Country Link
US (1) US10259906B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3105274B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2017509738A (enExample)
KR (1) KR102338624B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN105980438A (enExample)
BR (1) BR112016017431A8 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2938060A1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2673860T3 (enExample)
MX (1) MX367477B (enExample)
PL (1) PL3105274T3 (enExample)
RU (1) RU2016136382A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2015121057A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (21)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA3091147C (en) 2018-02-16 2022-03-08 H.B. Fuller Company Electric cell potting compound and method of making
JP7323106B2 (ja) * 2018-04-10 2023-08-08 ステパン カンパニー 改善された低温r値を有するポリオールブレンド及び硬質フォーム
CA3109540A1 (en) * 2018-08-16 2020-02-20 Basf Se Environmentally friendly driven polyurethane spray foam systems
WO2020089439A1 (en) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-07 Covestro Deutschland Ag A rigid polyurethane precast panel
CN111138618A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2020-05-12 科思创德国股份有限公司 聚氨酯硬质预制板
CN114213797A (zh) * 2022-01-11 2022-03-22 陈小云 一种耐磨防刮smc模塑料及其制备方法
CN119013337A (zh) 2022-04-04 2024-11-22 巴斯夫欧洲公司 用于从聚氨酯硬质泡沫回收基于亚磷酸酯的阻燃剂的价值链返回方法
EP4612224A1 (en) 2022-11-03 2025-09-10 Basf Se Value chain return process for the recovery of not bonded additives by extraction from polyurethane or polyisocyanurate rigid foams and depolymerization of the polyurethane rigid foams
CN120153019A (zh) 2022-11-03 2025-06-13 巴斯夫欧洲公司 用于从废聚氨酯和聚异氰脲酸酯硬质泡沫的解聚中回收聚合亚甲基亚苯基胺(pMDA)作为其HCl盐的价值链返回方法
WO2025016860A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Process for recycling polyurethane foams
WO2025016927A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Method for selecting, from a foam mix comprising one or more foam pieces, target foam pieces, method and pre-processing arrangement for pre-processing a foam mix for feeding a reactor of a recycling process and respective computer program
WO2025016900A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Process for recycling polyurethane waste through remonomerization by hydro ammonolysis
WO2025016952A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Method and system for classifying polyurethane objects from a waste stream
EP4491364A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-15 Basf Se Method and pre-processing arrangement for pre-processing a foam mix for feeding a reactor
WO2025016903A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Recovery of polyesterols from polyesterol-based polyurethanes via hydrolysis and re-condensation
WO2025016861A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Method and pre-processing arrangement for pre-processing a foam mix for feeding a reactor of a recycling process for recovering raw materials and respective computer program
WO2025016920A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Process for autocatalytic hydroglycolytic or hydrolytic cleavage of waste streams containing polyurethane
WO2025016934A1 (en) 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Basf Se Recycling of pu-softfoams with graft polyol content
WO2025190718A1 (en) 2024-03-13 2025-09-18 Basf Se Method for selecting target foam pieces from a vehicle scrap material
WO2025190719A1 (en) 2024-03-13 2025-09-18 Basf Se Method for selecting and pre-processing target foam elements from a vehicle scrap material
WO2025190721A1 (en) 2024-03-13 2025-09-18 Basf Se Method for recycling a polymer material from a vehicle scrap material

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1003714B (de) 1956-01-25 1957-03-07 Glanzstoff Ag Verfahren zum Abbau von Polyaethylenterephthalat zu Terephthalsaeuredimethylester
US4529744A (en) * 1982-10-25 1985-07-16 Stepan Company Compatibilized aromatic polyester polyols
US5051528A (en) 1990-04-24 1991-09-24 Eastman Kodak Company Recovery process for ethylene glycol and dimethylterephthalate
US6461536B2 (en) * 1998-02-09 2002-10-08 Basf Corporation Stable polyester polyol composition
WO2006100756A1 (ja) * 2005-03-22 2006-09-28 Kawasaki Kasei Chemicals Ltd. ポリエステルポリオールの製造方法
CA2629090C (en) * 2005-11-14 2014-05-27 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Method of molding rigid polyurethane foams with enhanced thermal conductivity
SI2340269T1 (sl) 2008-10-15 2013-01-31 Basf Se Poliesterski polioli na bazi terefthalične kisline
CA2819569C (en) * 2010-12-02 2020-01-14 Basf Se Polyester polyols based on aromatic dicarboxylic acids
US20120214891A1 (en) * 2011-02-23 2012-08-23 Basf Se Polyester polyols based on aromatic dicarboxylic acids
HUE025196T2 (en) * 2011-03-22 2016-02-29 Basf Se PU rigid foam with low heat and good thermal stability
CA2862774C (en) * 2012-01-02 2020-08-18 Basf Se Producing rigid polyurethane foams and rigid polyisocyanurate foams
US20130251975A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Basf Se Producing rigid polyurethane foams and rigid polyisocyanurate foams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2938060A1 (en) 2015-08-20
KR20160119838A (ko) 2016-10-14
MX367477B (es) 2019-08-23
EP3105274A1 (de) 2016-12-21
US10259906B2 (en) 2019-04-16
PL3105274T3 (pl) 2018-08-31
RU2016136382A3 (enExample) 2018-07-25
WO2015121057A1 (de) 2015-08-20
ES2673860T3 (es) 2018-06-26
JP2017509738A (ja) 2017-04-06
US20160347904A1 (en) 2016-12-01
MX2016009946A (es) 2016-11-11
BR112016017431A8 (pt) 2020-06-16
KR102338624B1 (ko) 2021-12-14
CN105980438A (zh) 2016-09-28
EP3105274B1 (de) 2018-03-14

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