RU2013108796A - Комплексное хранение жидкости - Google Patents

Комплексное хранение жидкости Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2013108796A
RU2013108796A RU2013108796/06A RU2013108796A RU2013108796A RU 2013108796 A RU2013108796 A RU 2013108796A RU 2013108796/06 A RU2013108796/06 A RU 2013108796/06A RU 2013108796 A RU2013108796 A RU 2013108796A RU 2013108796 A RU2013108796 A RU 2013108796A
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pressure
stream
phase
storage tank
dense
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RU2013108796/06A
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RU2531099C1 (ru
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Пол ХИГГИНБОТЭМ
Энтони Кнут Джэймс ТОПХЭМ
Кевин Дэвид Томас ТЭПСФИЛД
Джон Кроуфорд РОССМАН
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Эр Продактс Энд Кемикалз, Инк.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/0007—Helium
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
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    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

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Abstract

1. Способ сжижения газа, содержащий этапы, на которых:- вводят подаваемый поток в ожижитель, содержащий, по меньшей мере, теплый расширитель и холодный расширитель,- сжимают подаваемый поток в ожижителе до давления выше критического давления и охлаждают сжатый подаваемый поток до температуры ниже критической температуры для образования плотнофазного потока высокого давления,- отводят плотнофазный поток высокого давления из ожижителя и снижают давление плотнофазного потока высокого давления в устройстве расширения для образования результирующего двухфазного потока, а затем непосредственно подают результирующий двухфазный поток в резервуар для хранения, и- объединяют мгновенно выделенную часть результирующего двухфазного потока с выкипающим паром жидкости в резервуаре для хранения для образования объединенного потока пара, причем температура плотнофазного потока высокого давления ниже, чем температура выпускного потока холодного расширителя.2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором нагревают, по меньшей мере, часть объединенного потока пара до температуры окружающей среды.3. Способ по п.2, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором смешивают нагретый объединенный поток пара с подаваемым потоком для рециркуляции.4. Способ по п.2, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором выпускают нагретый объединенный поток пара в атмосферу для управления давлением в резервуаре для хранения.5. Способ по п.2, в котором давление в резервуаре для хранения составляет менее 1,5 бар.6. Способ по п.1, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором отводят, по меньшей мере, часть объединенного потока пара из резервуара д

Claims (15)

1. Способ сжижения газа, содержащий этапы, на которых:
- вводят подаваемый поток в ожижитель, содержащий, по меньшей мере, теплый расширитель и холодный расширитель,
- сжимают подаваемый поток в ожижителе до давления выше критического давления и охлаждают сжатый подаваемый поток до температуры ниже критической температуры для образования плотнофазного потока высокого давления,
- отводят плотнофазный поток высокого давления из ожижителя и снижают давление плотнофазного потока высокого давления в устройстве расширения для образования результирующего двухфазного потока, а затем непосредственно подают результирующий двухфазный поток в резервуар для хранения, и
- объединяют мгновенно выделенную часть результирующего двухфазного потока с выкипающим паром жидкости в резервуаре для хранения для образования объединенного потока пара, причем температура плотнофазного потока высокого давления ниже, чем температура выпускного потока холодного расширителя.
2. Способ по п.1, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором нагревают, по меньшей мере, часть объединенного потока пара до температуры окружающей среды.
3. Способ по п.2, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором смешивают нагретый объединенный поток пара с подаваемым потоком для рециркуляции.
4. Способ по п.2, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором выпускают нагретый объединенный поток пара в атмосферу для управления давлением в резервуаре для хранения.
5. Способ по п.2, в котором давление в резервуаре для хранения составляет менее 1,5 бар.
6. Способ по п.1, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором отводят, по меньшей мере, часть объединенного потока пара из резервуара для хранения, снижают давление объединенного потока пара в одном или более устройствах расширения для образования объединенного потока пара низкого давления и выпускают объединенный поток пара низкого давления в атмосферу для управления давлением в резервуаре для хранения.
7. Способ по п.1, в котором подаваемый поток представляет собой подаваемый поток азота низкого давления из теплого конца воздухоразделительной установки.
8. Способ по п.1, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором смешивают поток азота низкого давления из колонны низкого давления или переохладителя воздухоразделительной установки с объединенным потоком пара из резервуара для хранения перед нагревом.
9. Способ по п.1, дополнительно содержащий этап, на котором принимают отделенную часть плотнофазной текучей среды высокого давления из ожижителя, подают отделенную часть плотнофазной текучей среды высокого давления непосредственно на воздухоразделительную установку или генератор азота для обеспечения охлаждения.
10. Способ по п.9, в котором понижают давление отделенной части плотнофазной текучей среды высокого давления и подают на колонну высокого давления (HP), колонну низкого давления (LP), переохладитель или основной теплообменник воздухоразделительной установки.
11. Система сжижения атмосферного газа, содержащая:
- первый трубопровод для приема подаваемого потока,
- ожижитель, соединенный по текучей среде с первым трубопроводом для сжатия и охлаждения подаваемого потока для образования плотнофазного потока текучей среды высокого давления, при этом ожижитель содержит, по меньшей мере, теплый расширитель, холодный расширитель, компрессор для сжатия подаваемого потока до давления, превышающего его критическое давление, а также теплообменник для охлаждения сжатого подаваемого потока до температуры ниже критической температуры,
- второй трубопровод, соединенный по текучей среде с ожижителем для приема плотнофазного потока высокого давления из ожижителя,
- первое устройство расширения, соединенное по текучей среде со вторым трубопроводом для снижения давления плотнофазного потока высокого давления для образования результирующего двухфазного потока,
- третий трубопровод, соединенный по текучей среде с первым устройством расширения для приема двухфазного расширенного потока, и
- резервуар для хранения, соединенный по текучей среде с третьим трубопроводом для приема и хранения двухфазного расширенного потока, при этом резервуар для хранения выполнен с возможностью работы при давлении на уровне или ниже 1,5 бара, а теплообменник выполнен таким образом, что температура плотнофазного потока высокого давления ниже, чем температура выпускного потока холодного расширителя.
12. Система по п.11, в которой резервуар для хранения непосредственно соединен с третьим трубопроводом, и причем первое устройство расширения непосредственно соединено со вторым трубопроводом.
13. Система по п.11, дополнительно содержащая четвертый трубопровод, соединенный по текучей среде с резервуаром для хранения для приема объединенного потока пара, содержащего мгновенно выделяющуюся часть результирующего двухфазного потока и часть выкипающего пара из жидкости в резервуаре для хранения.
14. Система по п.13, в которой четвертый трубопровод соединен по текучей среде с теплообменником и первым трубопроводом.
15. Система по п.13, дополнительно содержащая второе устройство расширения, соединенное по текучей среде с четвертым трубопроводом для уменьшения давления объединенного потока пара для управления давлением в резервуаре для хранения.
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