RU2012182C1 - Intensive crop growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves presowing fallow tillage followed by application of phosphorus fertilizer, sowing and application of weed killers. The fertilizer is applied in subsoiling immediately before sowing against subsurface cultivation. EFFECT: reduced inhibiting activity of herbicide; higher grain crop yielding ability.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to reduce soil toxicity with intensive cultivation of crops.

 A known method of inhibiting the action of herbicides by applying organic and mineral fertilizers.

 The disadvantage of this method is that the method was carried out in model experiments in favorable conditions for the functioning of microflora.

There is also a method of reducing the inhibitory effect of herbicides on the microflora of the soil by applying very high doses of mineral fertilizers (N ₂₄₀ P ₂₄₀ K ₂₄₀ ) [1].

 The disadvantage of this method is that the use of high doses of mineral fertilizers leads to unproductive losses of the active substance in fertilizers and, in addition, high doses are environmentally unsafe.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce the toxicity of the soil by applying phosphorus fertilizers to the steam field under deep soilless loosening on the background of flat cutting.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of soil detoxification, which consists in taking soil and algological samples against the background of intensive cultivation of crops, counting cyanobacteria and microalgae by direct microscopy and reducing soil toxicity by applying phosphorus fertilizers in steam under deep loosening against the background of plane cutting soil .

 A comparative analysis of the proposed solutions with the prototype show that the proposed method differs from the known economy of nitrogen mineral fertilizers due to the mobilization of soil nitrogen in the steam field. Thus, the claimed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

 Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are not identified in other technical solutions in the study of this and related areas and, therefore, provide the claimed solution with the criterion of "significant differences".

The experiment was laid down on leached chernozem medium-humus heavy loamy at the Omskoye hospital in 4-fold repetition, the plot area is 450 m ² . We studied the 4th background of chemicalization and 6 options for cultivating the soil in a five-field grain-steam-tilled crop rotation.

 For 17 years, wheat crops were treated with systemic herbicides, the pesticidal load was 9-10 kg / ha of active ingredient (d.v.).

 Under adverse weather conditions for the decomposition of herbicides, the pesticidal load increasing every year and the concentration of chemicals and their decomposition products in the surface layers of the soil during non-mold treatment, there is a risk of incomplete destruction and accumulation of residual amounts in the soil. In this regard, soil algae were used as bioindicators of the soil.

 Soil-algological samples were taken and processed according to the method of S.I. Vinogradsky modified by E. A. Shtina with additions by K. A. Nekrasova and E. A. Busygina. The count was conducted by direct microscopy.

 The results are shown in table. 1.

A different reaction of systematic groups of algae leached chernozem to prolonged use of systemic herbicides (2.4 D), dialyne in combination with illoxane and phosphorus fertilizers (P ₉₀ ) under wheat was revealed. Herbicides reduced the total number of algae in comparison with the control by 1.7 times or by 39.5. The most sensitive to the action of herbicides were cyanobacteria.

 The use of phosphorus fertilizers in a couple had a stimulating effect on microscopic algae and cyanobacteria, and in combination with herbicides and other chemical means of protection, using intensive technology, smoothed out the negative effect of pesticides on the total number of algae.

 The systematic use of herbicides removes the clogging factor during soil protection treatment, which, combined with the use of phosphorus fertilizers, contributes to an increase in wheat yield (see Table 2).

 The negative impact of the systematic use of herbicides during soil protection treatment on the soil microflora is reduced, as evidenced by the number of soil algae and cyanobacteria used as bioindicators.

Using the proposed method of detoxification of the soil provides, in comparison with existing methods, the following advantages:
the use of phosphorus fertilizers in a steam field under deep non-sowing cultivation with the systematic use of herbicides significantly affects the increase in yield of grain crops;
in addition, due to the reduction of doses of mineral fertilizers to optimal, the ecological condition of the soil improves. (56) G.V. Korenev et al. Crop production with the basics of selection and seed production - M.: Agropromizdat, 1990, p. 150-160.

Claims (1)

 METHOD OF INTENSIVE CROP CROPS, including presowing treatment of a steam field, applying fertilizers, sowing and agrotechnical care of crops using herbicides, characterized in that, in order to reduce the inhibitory effect of herbicides and increase the yield of grain crops, mineral fertilizers are used which are introduced into the steam field before sowing directly under deep loosening against the background of plane-cutting tillage.

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