CN115428808B - Potato late blight control medicament and application thereof - Google Patents

Potato late blight control medicament and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115428808B
CN115428808B CN202211155919.9A CN202211155919A CN115428808B CN 115428808 B CN115428808 B CN 115428808B CN 202211155919 A CN202211155919 A CN 202211155919A CN 115428808 B CN115428808 B CN 115428808B
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CN115428808A (en
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方志荣
清源
向其勋
颜朗
蔡光泽
杨红
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/14—Insects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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Abstract

The invention provides a potato late blight control medicament and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant disease control. According to the invention, the bacillus subtilis and the blattaria are used in a combined manner, so that the synergistic effect can be realized in the control of the potato late blight, the problem of poor control effect of the potato late blight in the prior art can be solved, the control effect is as high as 86.48%, and the application has important significance in planting solanaceae crops. The invention can also realize the favorable application of the pest cockroach in agriculture, and is suitable for industrial application by utilizing the characteristics of wide feeding property, strong reproductive capacity and lower cost of the cockroach.

Description

Potato late blight control agent and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease control, in particular to a potato late blight control agent and application thereof.
Background
The potato late blight is a disease which is caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and occurs in potatoes. The disease mainly harms the stems, leaves and tubers of the potatoes and can also infect buds and berries. The potato late blight is one of the main diseases of potatoes, and under the condition of being suitable for disease epidemic, plants die in advance, so that 20-40% of yield loss can be caused. The disease damage is reduced due to the popularization and the application of disease-resistant varieties, but the loss caused by epidemic years is still large. In the morning and evening, the disease occurrence is facilitated in the heavy fog and dew or in the continuous rainy days, and the disease prevalence conditions are that the temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 75%; the low-lying areas, the dense plants, the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the excessive field relative humidity or the weak plant growth are also beneficial to the occurrence of the disease.
At present, the prevention and control of the potato late blight mainly depends on cultivating disease-resistant varieties and using chemical agents, wherein the cultivated disease-resistant varieties are the most economical, effective and simple methods for preventing and controlling the late blight, but the original resistance of a plurality of disease-resistant varieties is gradually lost due to the variable variation of late blight pathogen groups, and the selection of new varieties with horizontal resistance and epidemic-resistant diseases in a short time is very difficult. Although agricultural chemicals play an important role in the development of agriculture, safety and environmental problems associated with chemical pesticides are increasingly highlighted with the development of society. The use of chemical pesticides is not only lack of long-term effectiveness, but also has been increasingly questioned about the problems of pollution to food and environment, potential harm to human health, influence on non-target organisms, generation of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and the like. Therefore, more effective biological control measures are urgently needed in the aspect of controlling the potato late blight.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a potato late blight control medicament and application thereof, and aims to solve the problem of poor potato late blight control effect in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a potato late blight control agent, which comprises bacillus subtilis and blattaria, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the blattaria is 0.5-1.5.
Preferably, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than 4 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g。
Preferably, the cockroach is in the form of powder, and the particle size of the cockroach is 2mm or less.
Preferably, the cockroaches include american cockroach, german cockroach, oriental cockroach, and cove cockroach.
The invention also provides application of the potato late blight control agent in controlling late blight caused by phytophthora infestans.
Preferably, the application dose of the potato late blight control agent is 80-120 kg/mu.
Preferably, the potato late blight control medicament is applied together with calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the application rate ratio of the potato late blight control medicament to the calcium superphosphate to the potassium sulfate is 8-12.
Preferably, the application mode of the potato late blight control agent is root application or leaf application.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
according to the invention, the bacillus subtilis and the blattaria are combined for use, and the synergistic effect in the control of the potato late blight can be realized, so that the control efficiency is up to 86.48%, and the method has an important significance in planting solanaceae crops. The invention can also realize the favorable application of the pest cockroach in agriculture, and is suitable for industrial application by utilizing the characteristics of wide feeding property, strong reproductive capacity and lower cost of the cockroach.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows different treatments for potato growth.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a potato late blight control agent, which comprises bacillus subtilis and blattaria, wherein the weight ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the blattaria is 0.5-1.5.
In the present invention, the weight ratio of bacillus subtilis to blattaria is preferably 0.8 to 1.2; the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is preferably more than 4 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g, more preferably greater than 8X 10 10 CFU/g, the bacillus subtilis is only required to be a product which can be applied to crops and is sold in a liquid, powder or particle form.
In the present invention, the cockroach is commonly known as a cockroach, the cockroach is preferably periplaneta americana, german cockroach, oriental cockroach, or periplaneta fovea, the state of the cockroach is preferably a cockroach powder, the cockroach powder is preferably obtained by drying and pulverizing the cockroach, the particle diameter of the cockroach powder is preferably 2mm or less, more preferably 1mm or less, and the cockroach powder may be applied by mixing with bacillus subtilis or by applying it alone.
In the present invention, the application mode of the potato late blight control agent is preferably root application or leaf application, the application period is preferably before sowing or in a later growth period, the later growth period is preferably before a rainy season, and the application dose of the potato late blight control agent is preferably 80 to 120 kg/mu, and more preferably 90 to 110 kg/mu; the potato late blight control medicament is preferably applied together with calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate serve as conventional fertilizers to provide required elements for potatoes, when the potato late blight control medicament is applied together with the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate, the potato growth requirement can be met without applying other medicaments or fertilizers, and the potato late blight can be controlled, and the application ratio of the potato late blight control medicament to the calcium superphosphate to the potassium sulfate is preferably 8-12.
The invention also provides application of the potato late blight control agent in controlling late blight caused by phytophthora infestans, wherein the late blight caused by the phytophthora infestans preferably occurs in solanaceae crops, and further preferably potatoes, tomatoes or wild eggplants.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking American cockroach, crushing the cockroach body, and sieving the pulverized cockroach body with a 10-mesh sieve for later use; the bacillus subtilis is purchased from Shandong Lvong Biotech Co., ltd, and the effective viable count is more than 400 hundred million/g.
Example 2
Taking German cockroach, crushing the cockroach body, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve for later use; the bacillus subtilis is purchased from Shandong Lvong Biotech Co., ltd, and the effective viable count is more than 400 hundred million/g.
Example 3
Taking the cockroach, crushing the cockroach body, and sieving the pulverized cockroach body with a 10-mesh sieve for later use; the bacillus subtilis is purchased from Shandong Lvong Biotech Co., ltd, and the effective viable count is more than 400 hundred million/g.
Experimental example 1
Experiments are carried out in a potato field, the variety selected in the experiments is the Xisen No. 6, and the variety has the characteristics of about 90 days of growth period, plant height of 60-70 cm, upright plant type and strong growth potential. The potato type is oblong, the yellow skin is yellow meat, the potato skin is smooth, the bud eyes are shallow, the potato is concentrated, and the storage is durable. High susceptibility to late blight, anti-Y virus, anti-X virus. The test site is arranged in Hui-Ping county, and the potato planting time is 4-7 months. The previous stubble of the test field is the potato, and the basic physicochemical properties of the test field are as follows: pH5.43, 91.4g/Kg of organic matter, 0.4g/Kg of total nitrogen, 327mg/Kg of hydrolyzable nitrogen, 32g/Kg of quick-acting potassium, 2.18g/Kg of total potassium, 0.355g/Kg of total phosphorus and 104.2mg/Kg of available phosphorus. The experiment was set up with 4 treatments, control, treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3, each repeated 3 times. The experiment was carried out using Bacillus subtilis and Periplaneta americana as described in example 1.
The control group was: 20 kg/mu of urea (N46 percent) and calcium superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 18 percent of 50 kg/mu + potassium sulfate (K) 2 O50%) 10 kg/mu;
treatment group 1 was: urea (N46%) 20 kg/mu + superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 18 percent of 50 kg/mu + potassium sulfate (K) 2 O50%) 10 kg/mu + 1 kg/mu of Bacillus subtilis;
treatment group 2 was: periplaneta americana 100 kg/acre + superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 18 percent of 50 kg/mu + potassium sulfate (K) 2 O50%) 10 kg/mu;
treatment group 3 was: periplaneta americana 100 kg/acre + superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 18 percent of 50 kg/mu + potassium sulfate (K) 2 O50%) 10 kg/mu + 1 kg/mu of Bacillus subtilis.
All fertilizers are used as base fertilizers and are applied to the field at one time in a broadcasting mode, and conventional field management is carried out.
The investigation method comprises the following steps: sampling five points on the diagonal of each cell, investigating all the compound leaf blades of each plant, and recording according to the following grading method:
stage 0: no disease spots;
stage 1: the lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the whole leaf area;
and 3, stage: the lesion area accounts for 6-10% of the whole leaf area;
and 5, stage: the lesion spot area accounts for 11-20% of the whole leaf area;
and 7, stage: the lesion area accounts for 21-50% of the whole leaf area;
and 9, stage: the lesion area accounts for more than 50% of the whole leaf area.
The control effect calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003858599950000041
Figure BDA0003858599950000042
the results of examining the number of diseased leaves for the different treatments are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 number of leaves and grade index of different treatment
Figure BDA0003858599950000051
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Figure BDA0003858599950000061
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Figure BDA0003858599950000071
Note: blank indicates the number of leaves at this disease stage is 0.
The control effect of different treatments on late blight is shown in table 2 below, and the growth of potatoes treated by different treatments is shown in fig. 1.
TABLE 2 prevention and treatment of potato late blight by different treatments
Treatment of Average disease index (%) Average control effect (%)
Control of 91.29±2.89a -
Treatment group 1 79.59±3.05b 12.81
Treatment group 2 64.27±1.72c 29.58
Treatment group 3 12.33±1.44d 86.48
Note: the different letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05)
The results show that: compared with the control, the control effect on the potatoes is remarkable in the treatment groups 1, 2 and 3, the control effect is in the order of treatment group 3> treatment group 2> treatment group 1, and the average control effect of the treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 is 12.81%, 29.58% and 86.48%, respectively. The control medicament for the potato late blight has good control effect on the potato late blight.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The potato late blight control agent is characterized by comprising bacillus subtilis and blattaria in a weight ratio of 1;
the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is more than 4 multiplied by 10 10 CFU/g；
The cockroach is American cockroach;
the cockroach is powder, and the particle diameter of the cockroach is below 2 mm.
2. The agent for controlling late blight of potato of claim 1 for controlling Phytophthora infestans (A), (B), (C) and (C)Phytophthora infestans(Mont.) de Bary) infection caused late blight of potato.
3. The use of the potato late blight control agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the application dose of the potato late blight control agent is 80 to 120kg/mu.
4. The application of the potato late blight control agent in controlling potato late blight caused by phytophthora infestans according to claim 3, wherein the potato late blight control agent is applied in combination with calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, and the application rate ratio of the potato late blight control agent to the calcium superphosphate to the potassium sulfate is (8) - (12).
5. The use of the potato late blight control agent according to claim 4 for controlling potato late blight caused by phytophthora infestans, wherein the application manner of the potato late blight control agent is root application or foliar application.
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