RU2010844C1 - Detergent for cleansing of smoke-house and chimney pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: detergents. SUBSTANCE: agent for cleansing from smoke deposit-soot has, wt. % : sodium carbonate 19-23; trisodium phosphate 14-16; sodium hydroxide 12-14; sodium meta-silicate 39-42; non-ionogenic surface-active substance 2-5, and water up to 100. Agent has additionally alkylammonium- or alkylpyridinium halide at concentration 0.2-0.8 wt. -% . EFFECT: enhanced quality of detergent. 2 cl, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to technical detergents, in particular to detergents for cleaning smoking chambers and chimney pipes from plaque-smoke deposits in meat, cheese-making and other food industries.

 The invention can also be used for cleaning cooking, frying and combined cooking-roasting-smoking chambers from contaminants characteristic of this equipment.

 Contamination of smoking chambers and chimney pipes includes smoking smoke, which is a complex, multicomponent system - a mixture of vapor and gaseous liquids and a certain amount of solid (for example, soot of organic origin) substances. The smoke contains, mg / m3: formaldehyde - 30-50; aldehydes 180-230; formic acid 600-650; resinous substances 1295; phenols 25-30.

 Contaminations of combined cooking-roasting-smoking chambers contain, among other things, kerome animal fats with a sufficiently high melting point (up to 45 ° C) and protein substances.

 These contaminants form a deposit on the surfaces and parts of the equipment included in the design of cooking, frying, smoking and combined chambers: metal surfaces and stainless steel parts, surfaces of other corrosion-resistant metals or their alloys, wooden gratings, coatings made of polymer materials such as rubber and polyvinyl chloride (insulation of conductive elements), surfaces made of brick, concrete and other silicate materials.

 A mandatory element of equipment for cooking, frying, smoking and combined chambers are thermal units and other heating surfaces.

 Technical detergents are known, which are a mixture of traditional alkaline inorganic substances, such as soda ash (sodium carbonate), sodium silicate, simple and polymeric salts of phosphoric acid, with a small amount of surfactants (1).

 These are Lobomid, MS, ML, Vimol, Trias, powders of type A, B, C and other similar products with similar composition. These tools have been developed for specific applications in certain technological processes of cleaning, washing, degreasing agricultural machines from fuels and lubricants, herbicides, preservation coatings, oil and mud contaminants, containers, processing equipment and workshops for the meat and dairy and oil and fat industries (1-4).

 The listed detergent compositions are practically interchangeable when working with various machinery and equipment, however, as practice has shown, they are unsuitable for efficient cleaning of smoke and combined cooking-frying and smoking chambers and chimney pipes from plaque-soot smoke smoke and do not provide the necessary sanitary surface treatment.

Previously (3) the cleaning of smoke chambers and chimney pipes from plaque-smoke of smoke was carried out with a water-based detergent containing the following components, wt. %:
Trisodium phosphate 5-7
Tripolyphosphate 0.4-0.6
Sodium Metasilicate 10-14
Liquid glass 4-6
Water up to 100.

 The tool of the above composition has significant disadvantages.

 The final form of the detergent (aqueous solution) requires special packaging and special containers for transportation, and most importantly unstable during storage. When storing the detergent composition under normal conditions for more than a day as a result of hydrolysis of silicates, a flocculent precipitate of silica ballast gel is formed. In this case, the detergent solution itself becomes a factor of secondary pollution of the surfaces to be cleaned. The same thing happens with phosphates.

 Instability in storage necessitates the preparation of a detergent (it is also a washing solution) immediately before use. However, the process of preparing a washing solution is long, because it includes the operation of obligatory dissolution of each component individually: trisodium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metasilicate, water glass in small amounts of water; filtering the resulting solutions; pooling solutions; separating the resulting mixture with water in a ratio of 1: 2 to obtain the target detergent.

 Only the detergent prepared in this way has acceptable detergent actions.

 The disadvantage is the high consumption of detergent: 100 l of the composition required for washing one standard chamber with smoke and air ducts contains 19-27 kg of detergent base.

 The disadvantage is that after applying this detergent, a white coating remains on the washed surface, apparently due to the high content of liquid glass in the solution.

In terms of technical nature, the detergent composition for degreasing metal parts is close to the proposed solution (4). The specified tool contains the following components, wt. %:
Sodium Tripolyphosphate 30-40
Trisodium phosphate 20-33
Soda Ash 17-20
Nitrogen-containing block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide 7-8
Polyoxyethylated synthetic fatty alcohol C10-C18 7-8
KM-Cellulose 2-3
Sodium nitrite Up to 100. However, this tool does not have permission from the Ministry of Health for use in food industry enterprises and does not clean the surface from contaminants such as “burn-in or plaque-deposit”, but only degreases the metal surface well.

 By virtue of the foregoing, the tool cannot be used for the effective cleaning of smoking, frying and cooking-frying chambers, as well as trays and baking sheets and other equipment of meat processing, cheese-making and other food enterprises having characteristic contaminants such as “burn-in or plaque-soot”.

The invention solves the following problems: increasing the efficiency of washing smoke and combined cooking-roasting and smoking chambers and chimney pipes from plaque-smoke of smoke and other contaminants by reducing the consumption of detergent, enhancing the washing action, accelerating and cheapening the washing process. To do this, use a detergent to clean smoking chambers and chimney pipes of plaque smoke smoke containing sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate and an ionic surfactant, including additional sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate in the following ratio, wt. %:
Sodium hydroxide 12-14
Sodium Carbonate 19-23
Sodium Metasilicate 39-42
Trisodium phosphate 14-16
Surfactant 2-5
Water in components Up to 100
The difference is that to increase the washing action and impart disinfecting properties, the composition may additionally contain a cationic surfactant such as alkyl ammonium or pyridinium halides in an amount of 0.2-0.8%.

 The proposed composition is a white or slightly yellow marketable powder. The pH of the saturated solution is 14; for 1-2% solutions, the pH is 12.5. The solubility of the detergent in water at 20 ° C is 50-60 g / dm3, at 60 ° C -200 250 g / dm3. Aqueous solutions with a concentration of more than 5% are cloudy and upon cooling form a fine gel-like suspension. The wetting angle of the hydrophilic surface with a 1% solution is 10 °, and the hydrophobic surface is 54 °. The volume of foam of a 1-5% solution is 100 cm3 of foam per 100 cm3 of solution. The half-life of the foam is more than 10 minutes. The value of the average washing speed with a 1% solution of detergent Rv = 0.72, which is typical for effective detergents.

 To carry out the washing process, a 1% solution of the detergent in water is prepared by dissolving 1 kg of the composition in 100 l of water with a temperature of 50-60 ° C, followed by stirring for 10-15 minutes. The washing solution is applied to the surface of the walls of the chamber or disassembled sections of the chimneys using a device of the type “Zherni” (through a nozzle under pressure) from a distance of 20-50 cm at an angle of 45 ° to the surface being cleaned. After 30-45 minutes after applying the detergent composition, the surface to be cleaned is rinsed with water at a temperature of 50-60 ° C.

 For internal cleaning of the chimneys, assembled into the washing system of the smoking or combined chamber, 200 l of the washing solution with a detergent content of 1% are pumped into it, the chamber with the washing solution is kept for 30-45 minutes, the solution is rinsed, and then the system is rinsed with water.

 To clean heavily soiled surfaces, a 2% solution of detergent is used, followed by three-phase rinsing.

 A comparative analysis of the declared detergent in comparison with the proposed prototype allows us to consider that it meets the criterion of "novelty", as it contains the above distinguishing features.

 Distinctive features exhibit in the claimed solution the following properties.

 Powdered detergent as an outlet form best meets the requirements of transportation, storage and use. The effectiveness of the washing action of such a product does not decrease during storage compared to an aqueous solution.

 Inorganic components of the detergent composition: sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium metasilicate provide the required pH value of the washing solution 12.5, neutralize acid pollution (a significant component of the smoke smoke deposit). Significantly facilitated the process of saponification of fats and proteins, the breakdown of carbohydrates.

 It has been experimentally established that the total content of sodium hydroxide and carbonate is 12-14%, by weight of the detergent composition, providing the required pH value of the detergent solution, guaranteeing the cleaning of a normally soiled surface. Exceeding the indicated content of hydroxide and sodium carbonate in the absence of a significant increase in the washing effect from an economic point of view is unjustified. Considering the fact that sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide helps to reduce water hardness and reduce their content in detergent, the need arises to increase the phosphate content, which worsens the environmental performance of the composition.

 Trisodium phosphate contained in the proposed detergent binds polyvalent metal ions, eliminating the temporary hardness of water, and possesses (along with surfactants and sodium metasilicate) anticorrosive and emulsifying effects.

 The absence of sodium tripolyphosphate and lower, compared with the known detergent, the content of tripolyphosphate in the working solution can significantly reduce the toxicity of wastewater.

 Such a component of the washing composition as a surfactant (surfactant), increases the wetting ability of the composition, gives it emulsifying properties. Thanks to the introduction of surfactants, the contact of components of inorganic origin with contaminants is facilitated, and contaminants are separated from the surface of the processed washing facility.

 Of the surface-active substances permitted by the USSR Ministry of Health in compositions for washing food technology equipment, the proposed detergent contains a nonionic surfactant such as syntanol DS-10, syntanol ALM-10 or neonol AF 9-10.

 These surfactants are most acceptable by a combination of two most important criteria: surface-active characteristics in relation to this composition and biological degradability, compared with surfactants such as syntanol DT-7, PG-400, sodium stearate.

 Neonol AF 9-10 is a cheaper raw material compared to the syntanols DS-10 and AML-10, but has similar surface-active characteristics.

 Neonol AF 9-10 - ethoxylated nonylphenols, syntanols DS-10 and ALM-10 - monoalkyl ethers of polyethylene glycol based on primary higher fatty alcohols C10-C16 (DS-10), C12-C14 (ALM-10).

 The composition of the product may also include a cationic surfactant, which is a derivative of ammonium or pyridinium bases. A surfactant of this type has a disinfecting effect and fungicidal activity, which is essential for detergents used in the food industry.

 The choice of the type and quantity of surfactants is determined by the optimal values of the contact angle on various surfaces: hydrophilic, hydrophobic, stainless steel surfaces, both cleaned and covered with soot smoke, fat, protein and carbohydrate contaminants; foaming ability and stability of the foam (half-life of the foam); average washing speed; washing action.

 PRI me R 1. The detergent contains sodium hydroxide 12%, sodium carbonate 23%, sodium metasilicate 40%, trisodium phosphate 15%, surfactant (syntanol DS-10) 3%, water (as part of components) 7 %

= 0,71.Average washing speed

= 0.71.

 The amount of detergent base per 100 l of detergent solution is 0.93 kg.

 PRI me R 2. The detergent contains sodium hydroxide 14%, sodium carbonate 19%, sodium metasilicate 39%, trisodium phosphate 14%, surfactant (Neopol AF 9-10) 2%, water (as part of the components) 12% .

 A 1% detergent solution contains 0.88 kg per 100 l of the detergent base itself.

 In case of severe contamination, washing is carried out with a 2% washing solution.

= 0,72.Average washing speed

= 0.72.

 PRI me R 3. The detergent contains sodium hydroxide 13%, sodium carbonate 21%, sodium metasilicate 42%, trisodium phosphate 16%, surfactant (syntanol ALM-10) 5%, water (as part of components) 3 %

 For 100 l of washing solution, 0.97 kg of washing base is necessary during normal washing.

= 0,75.Average washing speed

= 0.75.

 The use of the proposed detergent in comparison with the prototype will increase the washing efficiency due to the effective removal of contaminants resulting from the burning of organic components such as "plaque deposits and burns"; reduction of washing time; excluding the possibility of the appearance of white plaque on the washed surfaces.

 Improving the efficiency of the washing process when using a new detergent (under the code name "RIC") is confirmed by testing the specified means in experimental industrial conditions.

 The application of the proposed technical solution will significantly reduce the cost of the washing process of one smoking chamber with smoke and air ducts by reducing the consumption of detergent, as well as reduce the energy and labor costs of the washing process.

2^oС) сосуде, заполненном 250 мл моющего раствора определенной концентрации. Пластинки загрязняли свиным жиром и копотью органического происхождения, а также конденсатором коптильного дыма; на пластинке оставляли для сравнения верхнюю кромку шириной 1 см чистой; она также служила для крепления пластинки к мешалке путем зажима ее середины с помощью держателя, соединенного с двигателем переменного тока (ранее было показано, что данный тип загрязнения без механического вмешательства не очищается, поэтому применяется равномерное перемешивание). Проверка пластинок проводилась через 5 и 10 мин мойки. Как показали сравнительные исследования, прерывание процесса мойки и необходимые выемки и повторные погружения пластинок не оказывали заметного влияния на сам процесс мойки. Для каждой концентрации использовались по 5 контрольных пластинок, содержащих 150-160 мг загрязнений, причем проводились параллельные определения для опытной композиции и сравнительных рецептур. Пластинки медленно вращались в моющих препаратах разной концентрации и при разных температурах до получения оптической чистоты. При этом определялась скорость мойки

, эмульгируемость и смачиваемость (пластинки вращались в растворе моющих средств до получения оптической чистоты или не более 2 ч, затраченное время усреднялось и из его выводились значения средней расчетной скорости мойки

). Для определения оптической чистоты использовались следующие методы.To assess the washing action of the proposed composition, as well as comparing with the effectiveness of other detergent compositions, the technique proposed for laboratory conditions by W. Schmidt (5) was used according to the following scheme:
Wash quality checks were carried out by simply rotating control plates of stainless steel measuring 3 4 cm2 at a speed of 60 rpm in a glass thermostatic in the selected temperature mode (

2 ^o C) a vessel filled with 250 ml of a washing solution of a certain concentration. The plates were contaminated with pork fat and organic soot, as well as smoke smoke condenser; on the plate, the upper edge 1 cm wide was left clean for comparison; it also served to fasten the plate to the mixer by clamping its middle with a holder connected to an AC motor (it was previously shown that this type of contamination is not cleaned without mechanical intervention, so uniform mixing is used). Checking of the plates was carried out after 5 and 10 minutes of washing. As comparative studies have shown, interruption of the washing process and the necessary notches and repeated immersion of the plates did not have a noticeable effect on the washing process itself. For each concentration, 5 control plates containing 150-160 mg of contaminants were used, and parallel determinations were made for the experimental composition and comparative formulations. The plates rotated slowly in detergents of different concentrations and at different temperatures until optical purity was obtained. In this case, the washing speed was determined

, emulsifiability and wettability (the plates were rotated in a detergent solution until optical purity was obtained or not more than 2 hours, the elapsed time was averaged and the average calculated washing speed was derived from it

) The following methods were used to determine optical purity.

 Abrasion test by flushing. The control plates were removed from the detergent solution and rinsed for a short time with running warm water in order to remove droplets of fat remaining on the surface after the plates were removed. The presence and absence of traces of soot is clearly visible visually. Then the control plates were dried with a hairdryer, and suspicious areas of the surface were wiped with a pressure paper towel. In this way, even the smallest residues of fat and soot are recorded in the form of droplets and deposits.

 Wettability is often used to assess surface cleanliness (6). A continuous film of water on the surface indicates the purity of such a surface. However, wettability can sometimes be determined only with great difficulty, since a water film can be perfect with residual contamination, but we have shown that it does not apply to the external type of contamination.

(8).The deposition of contaminants on the cleaned surfaces after cooling the solution indicates a lack of emulsifying ability of the detergent. This criterion is important in determining the most efficient use of detergent additives in a detergent when the washing process is carried out under pressure (7). The washing efficiency was determined by the average washing speed

(8).

=

Считается, что если

≈ 0,2 - плохая эффективность,

= 0,2-1, ) - хорошая эффективность,

> 1,0 - очень хорошая эффективность.

=

It is believed that if

≈ 0.2 - poor performance,

= 0.2-1,) - good efficiency,

> 1.0 - very good performance.

 (based on 1% detergent solutions). Comparison of the washing ability of our composition (composition, see page 5) and that previously used in a meat processing plant to clean smoke from heating (see page 2), that optical cleanliness and wettability of surfaces is achieved only if the proposed washing composition is used at 1 % working concentration.

 Using the proposed composition, it is possible to achieve the absence of deposits of fat and soot on cleaned surfaces after solidification of the washing solutions and soaking overnight. This indicates a high emulsifying ability of this composition. The prototype has a significantly lower emulsifying ability, insufficient for use in meat processing enterprises, since when cooling the solution on the surfaces subjected to cleaning, a significant part of the contaminants is secondarily deposited. In this case, the soot is not removed at all.

, полученной при использовании обеих композиций при одинаковых условиях (1% -ные растворы, 50оС): 0,72-0,75 и 0,3-0,4 соответственно, причем учитывались скорость удаления только жировых и белковых загрязнений.The proposed detergent is superior to the prototype in terms of average washing speed

obtained using both compositions under the same conditions (1% solutions, 50 ° C): 0.72-0.75 and 0.3-0.4, respectively, and the rate of removal of only fat and protein contaminants was taken into account.

 Thus, the proposed formulation has obvious advantages over the prototype.

 In the study of solutions of the proposed detergent in combination with a cationic surfactant, an over-cumulative effect was revealed with respect to the strains: a) Eshericua coli; b) Starchilococcus aureus; c) Vasillus cereus.

 For testing, detergent containing% was used: sodium hydroxide 13; sodium carbonate 20; sodium metasilicate 40; trisodium phosphate 15; syntanol DS-10 4; water (in the composition of the components) up to 100, which additionally contained from 0.2-0.8% cationic surfactant. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) or cetyltriethylammonium bromide (TE-160) was used as a cationic surfactant.

 When choosing strains of cultures, the morphological, cultural and biochemical properties, as well as the resistance of E. coli and Starchilococcus aureus to the action of phenol and chloramine were studied, the spore culture of B. cereus was tested for resistance to steam and chloramine in accordance with the instructions for determining the bactericidal properties of new disinfectants funds approved by the USSR Ministry of Health (1968) and, accordingly, methodological recommendations on the procedure and testing of new disinfectants for veterinary practice, approved by the GUV of the State Agrobank (1987).

 Bactericidal activity of various concentrations of detergents with additives of a cationic surfactant type, individual cationic surfactants, and samples of the proposed detergent without additives of a cationic surfactant were studied by diffusion and agar (Veshkov V.I., 1977). According to this method, 0.1 ml of 500 thousand microbial bodies was applied to the dried Hottinger agar, and evenly distributed over the surface with a staple. Then 3 holes were made with a sterile punch (diameter 10 mm), which were filled with a disinfectant using the Pasteur pipette exactly at the level of the agar surface. After 30-40 minutes, the plates were placed in a thermostat at 37 ° C. Instead of a disinfectant, sterile distilled tap water was used as a control. Disinfectant activity was taken into account after 24 hours according to the phenomenon of “growth inhibition zone”.

 When studying bactericidal activity, it was found that the most active are detergent samples containing cationic surfactants (see table), and the effect of the detergent is higher than that of an individual surfactant. So, 1.0% aqueous solutions of preparations containing 0.2% cationic surfactants caused growth inhibition zones of E. coli of 2.3-3.2 cm.

 Bactericidal against St. aureus was manifested in 1.5% aqueous solutions of detergents containing 0.5% cationic surfactants, which caused zones of growth inhibition of 2.0-2.9 cm (see table).

 The less pronounced total effect with respect to B. cereus is less pronounced. So 2% aqueous solutions of a detergent containing 0.8% cationic surfactants showed a bactericidal effect on B. cereus, causing zones of growth inhibition of 1.9-2.0 cm (see table).

 According to the accepted methodology, drugs that cause growth inhibition zones of at least 2 cm have pronounced bactericidal activity.

 The use of catamine as a cationic surfactant in the studied formulations, as well as alkyl or alkoxymethylpyridinium chlorides, practically does not lead to a decrease in the washing and disinfecting properties of the “RIC” preparation. (56) Fireproof technical detergents. Catalog Composition. Getmansky I.K. et al. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1983. Surface phenomena and surfactants. Handbook / Ed. Abramozona A. A. and Schukina E. D. - L.: Chemistry, 1984. Instructions for washing and preventive disinfection at the enterprises of the meat and poultry industry, M, VNIIMP, 1976.

 USSR copyright certificate N 667589, cl. C 11 D 1/66, 1979.

 Schmidt U., Fleischwirtschaft, 1984, 64, No. 10, S 1231-1236. .

 Schlisser H.I., Milchwissenschaft, 1970, 25, S 133-145.

 Schmidt U., Fleischwirtschaft, 1979, 59, S 1355-1358.

Claims (1)

1. Detergent for cleaning smoke chambers and chimney pipes from plaque smoke smoke containing sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate and a nonionic surfactant, characterized in that it additionally contains sodium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate and water in the following ratio of components, wt . %:
Sodium Carbonate 19 - 23
Trisodium phosphate 14 - 16
Sodium hydroxide 12 - 14
Sodium Metasilicate 39 - 42
Nonionic Surfactant 2 - 5
Water Up to 100
2. The tool according to p. 1, characterized in that it further comprises a cationic surfactant such as alkyl ammonium or alkyl pyridinium halides in an amount of 0.2 to 0.8 wt. %

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