RU2422499C1 - Detergent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention can be used on enterprises of the food industry to wash equipment and production facilities. Said detergent contains the following in wt %: sodium hydroxide 15-25, potassium hydroxide 10-15, sodium metasilicate (liquid glass) 1-3, nonionic surfactant (alkylglycoside C8-C10) 3-7, nonionic surfactant (alkyldimethylamine oxide) 1-5, potassium carbonate 1-3, sodium gluconate 0.1-3, sodium tripolyphosphate 0.1-1, ethylene glycol 1-3 and water - the rest. ^ EFFECT: high detergent power, wide range of dirt removed, high protection of metal from corrosion and reduced detergent consumption. ^ 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to synthetic detergents and is intended to remove contaminants of oil and fat, protein, organic origin, soot, soot, dust, dirt from the surface of any alkali-resistant materials.

The inventive detergent has a number of useful physicochemical properties: wetting, degreasing, emulsifying ability, thereby reducing the consumption of detergent and its corrosion ability, as well as expanding the spectrum of removed contaminants (soot, soot). The invention is applicable for use in food industry enterprises for washing equipment and industrial premises.

According to patent RU 02179998 a detergent composition for washing and disinfecting industrial premises and equipment throughout the process, containing components,%:

Neonol 2.5-8

Trisodium Phosphate 5-10

Sodium Metasilicate 5-30

Sodium hydroxide 10-40

Sodium chloride 1-2.5

Sodium sulfate 5-10

Carbamide 0.5-1

Water up to 100

[RF patent 02179998]

The disadvantages of the known detergent are:

- poor wettability of the cleaned surface due to the low content of surfactants;

- the inability to reuse the washing solution;

- low washing ability (high content of metasilicates leads to the release of SiO ₂ , which prevents cleaning);

- a small range of contaminants removed.

According to patent RU 02217489, a washing disinfectant for washing and disinfecting milking units with a long pipeline is known, comprising:

Nonionic surfactant 3-20

Potassium hydroxide 3-20

Sodium Metasilicate 3-20

Oxyethylene diphosphonic acid 1.5-5.0

Sodium hypochlorite 1.5-12

Sodium tripolyphosphate, or sodium pyrophosphate, or trisodium phosphate - the rest

The disadvantages of this detergent composition is the high content of phosphate-containing compounds that harm water bodies when they enter sewage.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a detergent selected for the prototype known at the patent RU 02209236 for simultaneous washing and disinfection of equipment at food industry enterprises, containing, wt.%:

Sodium hydroxide 11.5-12.5

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride 0.9-1.1

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt 0.1-0.2

Tripolyphosphate 2.8-3.2

Liquid sodium glass 3.8-4.8

The rest is water

This tool has a set of useful properties - high degreasing ability, low cost.

The disadvantages of the known funds are:

- insufficient washing ability, a limited range of contaminants removed;

- low metal corrosion protection;

- a relatively high consumption of funds during washing.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely:

- increase the washing ability of the product, expanding the range of removed contaminants;

- improving the protection of metal from corrosion during the removal of contaminants;

- reduction in detergent consumption.

The technical result is achieved in that the detergent containing sodium hydroxide, sodium liquid glass, tripolyphosphate, nonionic surfactant, according to the invention additionally contains potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium gluconate, ethylene glycol in the following ratio, wt.%:

Sodium hydroxide 15-25

Potassium hydroxide 10-15

Sodium metasilicate (water glass) 1-3

Nonionic surfactant (alkylpolyglycoside C8-C10) 3-7

Nonionic surfactant (alkyldimethylamine oxide) 1-5

Potassium carbonate 1-3

Sodium Gluconate 0.1-3

Sodium Tripolyphosphate 0.1-1

Ethylene Glycol 1-3

Water - the rest

The totality of the constituent components, taken within the specified limits, provides a high detergency against pollution.

The increase in the washing ability of the product is achieved as a result of the simultaneous use of activators: potassium carbonate and sodium metasilicate, in addition, the composition contains the optimal amount of highly effective surfactants (alkyl polyglycosides and alkyldimethylamine oxide). In addition, the relatively high content of nonionic surfactants with inhibitor properties, as well as the presence of sodium metasilicate in the detergent composition, prevents the formation and spread of corrosion foci.

The high pH value of the solution of the declared detergent due to the introduction of potassium and sodium hydroxides contributes to loosening and removing soot and organic impurities, and the action of nonionic surfactants in an alkaline environment helps to remove oil-fat and protein contaminants, which greatly expands the range of contaminants removed.

A decrease in detergent consumption is achieved by introducing potassium carbonate, sodium gluconate and sodium tripolyphosphate into the detergent composition in the indicated amount. Thanks to these components, the solution has buffering properties and even highly diluted detergent solutions have an optimal pH alkalinity to remove contaminants.

Sodium and potassium hydroxides taken in the above ratio, increasing the alkalinity of the solution, enhance the washing of parts from organic contaminants.

Thus, the claimed detergent is effective in cleaning various types of alkali-resistant surfaces from contamination of oil and fat, protein, organic origin, soot, soot, dust, dirt.

The invention can be used for direct washing of contaminants, as well as with preliminary soaking of the contaminated surface in a washing solution for 1-5 hours, followed by mechanical cleaning. To achieve optimal results when cleaning from contaminants, it is recommended to use water with a temperature of 20-60 ° C and a detergent concentration of 0.5-1.5%.

EXAMPLE

The washing ability is determined by a known method by the gravimetric method, which is based on determining the percentage of washability of contaminants from the surface of the part. Parts with a surface roughness of 0.32-0.61 with a size of 100 × 50 × 1.5 mm were taken for testing. They are degreased with ether and incubated for 5-10 minutes until the ether is completely evaporated and they take a constant temperature. Details are weighed on an analytical balance to the nearest 0.0001 g. Then, a uniform layer of contamination is applied with a glass rod. The amount of contamination applied should be approximately the same on all parts and be 0.08-0.085 g. Then, the contaminated parts are placed in a laboratory washer and washed for 2 minutes.

After washing, the parts are washed with distilled water and dried by blowing air from a fan at room temperature. After drying, they are weighed. The percentage of removed contamination from the surface is determined by the formula

,

,

where P ₀ is the initial weight of the sample (pure), g; P ₁ is the weight of the contaminated sample, g; P ₂ - the weight of the sample after washing, g

When determining the wetting ability, samples (metal plates with a size of 150-70 mm) are first immersed in the prepared detergent solution, and then in demineralized water for 10 seconds. Next, the samples are removed from the water and (they fix the violation of the continuity of the water film visually. In this case, the surface removed from the edges and sharp edges by less than 10 mm is not taken into account. The wetting ability is characterized by the time in seconds from the start of the test to the rupture of the water film.

All test results are given in table 1.

Table 1 Detergent composition Detergent compositions one 2 3 Sodium hydroxide fifteen twenty 25 Potassium hydroxide 10 12 fifteen Sodium metasilicate one 2 3 Nonionic surfactant (C8-C10 alkylpolyglycoside) one 5 7 Nonionic surfactant (alkyldimethylamine oxide) one 3 5 Potassium carbonate one 2 3 Sodium Gluconate 0.1 2 3 Sodium Tripolyphosphate 0.1 0.6 one Ethylene glycol one 2 3 Water Rest Rest Rest

table 2 Indicators one 2 3 Washing ability,% 97.8 99.7 99.5 Wettability, sec 31 37 39

As can be seen from table 2, with an average ratio of components, the detergent has a high washing ability when cleaning the surface.

When the content of potassium hydroxide is less than 10%, the suspending ability of the washing solution decreases, more than 15% significantly increases the wear of equipment; when the content of liquid sodium glass is less than 1%, the destruction of tripolyphosphate increases, more than 3% increases the wear of equipment, when the content of sodium hydroxide is less than 15%, the washing ability decreases, more than 25% increases the wear of equipment, a corrosion center occurs; with a decrease in the level of potassium carbonate less than 1%, the pH of the washing solution is unacceptably reduced, more than 3% - a precipitate forms; when the content of sodium tripolyphosphate is less than 0.1%, the solution loses its buffering properties, the viscosity of the washing solution increases more than 1%; when the content of sodium gluconate is less than 0.1%, hardness salts do not bind, more than 3% in the detergent precipitates; when the content of ethylene glycol is less than 1%, the solubility of the alkyl polyglycosides decreases, the viscosity of the solution decreases by more than 3%; when the content of alkyl glycoside is less than 3%, the washing ability of the solution deteriorates, more than 7% decreases the viscosity of the solution, when the content of alkyldimethylamine oxide is less than 1%, alkyl polyglycosides do not dissolve, and the removal of fatty contaminants deteriorates more than 5%. Thus, the use of a detergent composition containing the claimed components in a larger ratio than stated is impractical, in a lesser way the claimed technical result is not achieved.

The claimed invention has TU 2381-001-82918762-2010. An experimental batch was made.

Dosing of dry components is carried out on a platform technological scale. Preparation of an alkaline base: the calculated amount of water is fed into a container equipped with a submersible mixing device, after which potassium and sodium hydroxides are alternately loaded into this container in accordance with the recipe. Sodium liquid is added to the hot solution. Stirring the alkaline base lasts about 2-5 minutes, then the mixture is cooled to 40-50 ° C. The mixer should ensure uniform mixing in all layers of the mixer without stagnant zones. Preparation of a solution from dry components: in a specially provided container, a solution of dry components is prepared - the prescribed amount of water is poured into a container equipped with an immersion mixer, and a prescription amount of sodium gluconate is also added thereto. sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium carbonate. The solution is thoroughly mixed for 2-5 minutes. Preparation of a surfactant solution: ethylene glycol with glucopone 225 DK / HH and alkyldimethylamine oxide (mass fractions of the components according to the recipe) are mixed in the provided container. The solution is stirred until complete homogenization. Preparation of a washing solution - a solution of dry components is fed into a cooled solution of an alkaline base. The resulting solution is mixed for 1-2 minutes, then a surfactant mixture is fed into the resulting solution. The finished detergent is mixed for another 2-3 minutes, after which samples are taken.

Claims (1)

A detergent containing sodium hydroxide, sodium glass, tripolyphosphate, water, characterized in that it further comprises potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium gluconate, ethylene glycol and a mixture of nonionic surfactant-alkyl glycoside and alkyldimethylamine oxide in the following ratio, wt.%:
Sodium hydroxide 15-25 Potassium hydroxide 10-15 Sodium metasilicate (water glass) 1-3 Nonionic surfactant (C8-C10 alkyl polyglycoside) 3-7 Nonionic surfactant (alkyldimethylamine oxide) 1-5 Potassium carbonate 1-3 Sodium Gluconate 0.1-3 Sodium Tripolyphosphate 0.1-1 Ethylene glycol 1-3 Water Rest