RU2008146727A - COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICAL FUEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOLOGICAL FUEL - Google Patents

COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICAL FUEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOLOGICAL FUEL Download PDF

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RU2008146727A
RU2008146727A RU2008146727/04A RU2008146727A RU2008146727A RU 2008146727 A RU2008146727 A RU 2008146727A RU 2008146727/04 A RU2008146727/04 A RU 2008146727/04A RU 2008146727 A RU2008146727 A RU 2008146727A RU 2008146727 A RU2008146727 A RU 2008146727A
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sorbitan
mixtures
group
glycol
water
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RU2008146727/04A
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Фердинандо ПЕТРУЧЧИ (IT)
Фердинандо ПЕТРУЧЧИ
Андреа ФЕСТУЧЧИЯ (IT)
Андреа ФЕСТУЧЧИЯ
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Нью Дженерейшн Байофьюэлз, Инк. (Us)
Нью Дженерейшн Байофьюэлз, Инк.
ПиТиДжей БАЙОЭНЕРДЖИ ХОЛДИНГ ЛТД. (CY)
ПиТиДжей БАЙОЭНЕРДЖИ ХОЛДИНГ ЛТД.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/12—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

1. Композиция биологического топлива, содержащая водную эмульсию, имеющая: ! (A) однородную фазу, содержащую приблизительно 50 мас.% - приблизительно 95 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного жидкого масла растительного, или животного происхождения, или их смесей; ! (B) содержащую воду дисперсную фазу, содержащую приблизительно 1 мас.% - приблизительно 50 мас.% воды; ! (C) приблизительно 1 мас.% - приблизительно 25 мас.% содержащего гидроксил органического соединения, выбранного из группы, состоящей из одноатомных, двухатомных, трехатомных и многоатомных спиртов, при условии, что, когда присутствует одноатомный спирт, также присутствует, по меньшей мере, один из трет-бутиловых спиртов, по меньшей мере, один C2-C4 алкиленгликоль, или смесь обоих; ! (D) приблизительно 0,05 мас.% - приблизительно 10 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного эмульгатора; ! в которой дисперсная фаза содержит содержащие воду капельки, имеющие средний размер частиц меньше приблизительно 20 мкм, и в которой все количества выражены на основании общей массы композиции. ! 2. Биологическое топливо по п.1, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор демонстрирует гидрофильно-липофильный баланс, HLB, приблизительно 8,5 - приблизительно 18. ! 3. Биологическое топливо по п.2, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор выбран из группы, состоящей из полиэтиленгликоль-полипропиленгликолевых блок-сополимеров, моноолеата сорбитана, моностеарата сорбитана, монопальмитата сорбитана, монолаурата сорбитана, триолеата полиоксиэтилен (20) сорбитана, моноолеата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана, монолаурата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана и их смесей. ! 4. Биологическое топливо по п.1, дополнительно содержащее эффективное ко 1. A biofuel composition comprising an aqueous emulsion having:! (A) a homogeneous phase containing about 50 wt.% - about 95 wt.%, At least one liquid oil of vegetable or animal origin, or mixtures thereof; ! (B) a water-containing dispersed phase containing about 1 wt.% To about 50 wt.% Water; ! (C) about 1 wt.% - about 25 wt.% Hydroxyl-containing organic compounds selected from the group consisting of monohydric, dihydric, trihydric and polyhydric alcohols, provided that when a monohydric alcohol is present, at least at least one is present one of tert-butyl alcohols, at least one C2-C4 alkylene glycol, or a mixture of both; ! (D) about 0.05 wt.% - about 10 wt.%, At least one emulsifier; ! in which the dispersed phase contains water-containing droplets having an average particle size of less than about 20 microns, and in which all amounts are expressed based on the total weight of the composition. ! 2. Biological fuel according to claim 1, in which at least one emulsifier shows a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, HLB, approximately 8.5 - approximately 18.! 3. Biological fuel according to claim 2, in which at least one emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymers, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan polyolethylene trioleate (20), monooleate polyethylene (20) sorbitan, monolaurate polyethylene (20) sorbitan and mixtures thereof. ! 4. Biological fuel according to claim 1, additionally containing an effective co

Claims (37)

1. Композиция биологического топлива, содержащая водную эмульсию, имеющая:1. The composition of the biological fuel containing an aqueous emulsion having: (A) однородную фазу, содержащую приблизительно 50 мас.% - приблизительно 95 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного жидкого масла растительного, или животного происхождения, или их смесей;(A) a homogeneous phase containing about 50 wt.% - about 95 wt.%, At least one liquid oil of vegetable or animal origin, or mixtures thereof; (B) содержащую воду дисперсную фазу, содержащую приблизительно 1 мас.% - приблизительно 50 мас.% воды;(B) a water-containing dispersed phase containing about 1 wt.% To about 50 wt.% Water; (C) приблизительно 1 мас.% - приблизительно 25 мас.% содержащего гидроксил органического соединения, выбранного из группы, состоящей из одноатомных, двухатомных, трехатомных и многоатомных спиртов, при условии, что, когда присутствует одноатомный спирт, также присутствует, по меньшей мере, один из трет-бутиловых спиртов, по меньшей мере, один C2-C4 алкиленгликоль, или смесь обоих;(C) about 1 wt.% - about 25 wt.% Containing hydroxyl of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of monohydroxy, dihydroxy, trihydroxy and polyhydric alcohols, provided that when there is a monohydroxy alcohol, at least at least one of tert-butyl alcohols, at least one C2-C4 alkylene glycol, or a mixture of both; (D) приблизительно 0,05 мас.% - приблизительно 10 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного эмульгатора;(D) about 0.05 wt.% - about 10 wt.%, At least one emulsifier; в которой дисперсная фаза содержит содержащие воду капельки, имеющие средний размер частиц меньше приблизительно 20 мкм, и в которой все количества выражены на основании общей массы композиции.in which the dispersed phase contains water-containing droplets having an average particle size of less than about 20 microns, and in which all amounts are expressed based on the total weight of the composition. 2. Биологическое топливо по п.1, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор демонстрирует гидрофильно-липофильный баланс, HLB, приблизительно 8,5 - приблизительно 18.2. Biological fuel according to claim 1, in which at least one emulsifier shows a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, HLB, approximately 8.5 - approximately 18. 3. Биологическое топливо по п.2, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор выбран из группы, состоящей из полиэтиленгликоль-полипропиленгликолевых блок-сополимеров, моноолеата сорбитана, моностеарата сорбитана, монопальмитата сорбитана, монолаурата сорбитана, триолеата полиоксиэтилен (20) сорбитана, моноолеата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана, монолаурата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана и их смесей.3. Biological fuel according to claim 2, in which at least one emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymers, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan polyolethylene trioleate (20), monooleate polyethylene (20) sorbitan, monolaurate polyethylene (20) sorbitan and mixtures thereof. 4. Биологическое топливо по п.1, дополнительно содержащее эффективное количество добавки для увеличения цетанового числа композиции биологического топлива.4. The biofuel according to claim 1, additionally containing an effective amount of an additive to increase the cetane number of the biofuel composition. 5. Биологическое топливо по п.4, в котором цетановая добавка выбрана из группы, состоящей из пероксидов, нитратов, нитритов, нитрокарбаматов и их смесей.5. Biological fuel according to claim 4, in which the cetane additive is selected from the group consisting of peroxides, nitrates, nitrites, nitrocarbamates and mixtures thereof. 6. Биологическое топливо по п.5, в котором цетановая добавка выбрана из группы, состоящей из замещенных или незамещенных линейных, разветвленных или смешанных линейных, или разветвленных, алкильных, или циклоалкильных нитратов, содержащих до приблизительно 10 атомов углерода, и их смесей.6. The biofuel according to claim 5, in which the cetane additive is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or mixed linear, or branched, alkyl, or cycloalkyl nitrates containing up to about 10 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. 7. Биологическое топливо по п.5, в котором цетановая добавка выбрана из группы, состоящей из диалкиловых пероксидов формулы R100R2, в которой R1 и R2 представляют собой идентичные, или различные алкильные группы, содержащие 1 - приблизительно 10 атомов углерода, и их смесей.7. The biofuel according to claim 5, in which the cetane additive is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl peroxides of the formula R100R2, in which R1 and R2 are identical, or different alkyl groups containing 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. 8. Биологическое топливо по п.5, в котором цетановая добавка выбрана из группы, состоящей из 2-этилгексилнитрата, ди-трет-бутилпероксида и их смесей.8. The biofuel according to claim 5, in which the cetane additive is selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, di-tert-butyl peroxide and mixtures thereof. 9. Биологическое топливо по п.1, в котором содержащее гидроксил органическое соединение включает, по меньшей мере, один элемент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из C1-C4 моноспиртов с прямой и разветвленной цепью, C2-C4 моно- и полиалкиленгликолей, производных C2-C4 моно- и полиалкиленгликолей при условии, что молекулярные массы таких полиалкиленгликолей подходят для применения в топливных композициях, и их смесей.9. The biofuel according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl-containing organic compound comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of straight and branched chain C1-C4 monoalcohols, C2-C4 mono- and polyalkylene glycols derived from C2 -C4 mono- and polyalkylene glycols, provided that the molecular weights of such polyalkylene glycols are suitable for use in fuel compositions and mixtures thereof. 10. Биологическое топливо по п.9, в котором спирт выбран из группы, состоящей из этиленгликоля, диэтиленгликоля, триэтиленгликоля, пропиленгликоля, дипропиленгликоля, трипропиленгликоля и их смесей.10. The biofuel according to claim 9, in which the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and mixtures thereof. 11. Биологическое топливо по п.1, дополнительно содержащее вспомогательную горючую жидкость с малой вязкостью, с малой плотностью, выбранную из группы, состоящей из углеводородных растворителей, растворителя для краски, скипидара, уайт-спиритов и их смесей.11. Biological fuel according to claim 1, additionally containing auxiliary flammable liquid with a low viscosity, low density, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon solvents, solvent for paint, turpentine, mineral spirits and mixtures thereof. 12. Способ приготовления эмульгированной топливной композиции, включающий:12. A method of preparing an emulsified fuel composition, including: (A) обеспечение следующих компонентов в количествах, основанных на общей массе композиции:(A) providing the following components in amounts based on the total weight of the composition: (1) приблизительно 50 мас.% - приблизительно 95 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного жидкого масла растительного, или животного происхождения, или их смесей;(1) about 50 wt.% - about 95 wt.%, At least one liquid oil of vegetable or animal origin, or mixtures thereof; (2) воды в количестве, достаточном для продуцирования содержащей воду дисперсной фазы, содержащей приблизительно 1 мас.% - приблизительно 50 мас.% воды;(2) water in an amount sufficient to produce a water-containing dispersed phase containing about 1 wt.% To about 50 wt.% Water; (3) приблизительно 1 мас.% - приблизительно 25 мас.% содержащего гидроксил органического соединения, выбранного из группы, состоящей из одноатомных, двухатомных, трехатомных и многоатомных спиртов, при условии, что, когда присутствует одноатомный спирт, также присутствует, по меньшей мере, один из трет-бутиловых спиртов, по меньшей мере, один C2-C4 алкиленгликоль, или смесь обоих; и(3) from about 1 wt.% To about 25 wt.% Of a hydroxyl-containing organic compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric, dihydric, trihydric and polyhydric alcohols, provided that when a monohydric alcohol is present, at least at least one is present one of tert-butyl alcohols, at least one C2-C4 alkylene glycol, or a mixture of both; and (4) приблизительно 0,05 мас.% - приблизительно 10 мас.%, по меньшей мере, одного эмульгатора;(4) about 0.05 wt.% - about 10 wt.%, At least one emulsifier; (B) смешивание компонентов (A) (1)-(A) (4) друг с другом в условиях больших сдвиговых усилий с продуцированием, таким образом, дисперсной фазы, содержащей содержащие воду капельки, имеющие средний размер частиц меньше приблизительно 20 мкм.(B) mixing components (A) (1) to (A) (4) with each other under high shear conditions, thereby producing a dispersed phase containing water droplets having an average particle size of less than about 20 microns. 13. Способ по п.12, в котором указанная дисперсная фаза содержит содержащие воду капельки, имеющие средний размер частиц приблизительно 0,1 - приблизительно 10 мкм.13. The method according to item 12, in which the specified dispersed phase contains water-containing droplets having an average particle size of approximately 0.1 to approximately 10 microns. 14. Способ по п.13, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор демонстрирует гидрофильно-липофильный баланс, HLB, приблизительно 8,5 - приблизительно 18.14. The method according to item 13, in which at least one emulsifier shows a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, HLB, approximately 8.5 to approximately 18. 15. Способ по п.14, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор выбран из группы, состоящей из полиэтиленгликоль-полипропиленгликолевых блок-сополимеров, моноолеата сорбитана, моностеарата сорбитана, монопальмитата сорбитана, монолаурата сорбитана, триолеата полиоксиэтилен (20) сорбитана, моноолеата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана, монолаурата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана и их смесей.15. The method according to 14, in which at least one emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymers, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate, mono-oleate polyethylene (20) sorbitan, monolaurate polyethylene (20) sorbitan and mixtures thereof. 16. Способ по п.13, включающий дополнительное обеспечение эффективного количества добавки для увеличения цетанового числа композиции биологического топлива.16. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing an effective amount of the additive to increase the cetane number of the biofuel composition. 17. Способ по п.14, в котором цетановая добавка выбрана из группы, состоящей из пероксидов, нитратов, нитритов, нитрокарбаматов и их смесей.17. The method according to 14, in which the cetane additive is selected from the group consisting of peroxides, nitrates, nitrites, nitrocarbamates and mixtures thereof. 18. Способ по п.12, в котором содержащее гидроксил органическое соединение включает, по меньшей мере, один элемент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из C1-C4 моноспиртов с прямой и разветвленной цепью, C2-C4 моно- и полиалкиленгликолей, производных C2-C4 моно- и полиалкиленгликолей при условии, что молекулярные массы таких полиалкиленгликолей подходят для применения в топливных композициях, и их смесей.18. The method according to item 12, in which the hydroxyl-containing organic compound comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of straight and branched chain C1-C4 monoalcohols, C2-C4 mono- and polyalkylene glycols derived from C2- C4 mono- and polyalkylene glycols, provided that the molecular weights of such polyalkylene glycols are suitable for use in fuel compositions and mixtures thereof. 19. Способ по п.12, в котором компоненты обеспечивают и смешивают в основном одновременно.19. The method according to item 12, in which the components provide and mix mainly simultaneously. 20. Способ по п.16, в котором воду заранее предварительно смешивают с компонентами кроме растительного масла для продуцирования водной смеси и после этого водную смесь смешивают с растительным маслом.20. The method according to clause 16, in which water is pre-mixed in advance with components other than vegetable oil to produce an aqueous mixture and then the aqueous mixture is mixed with vegetable oil. 21. Способ по п.13 с использованием смесительного оборудования, генерирующего большое сдвиговое усилие.21. The method according to item 13 using mixing equipment generating a large shear force. 22. Способ по п.21, в котором большое сдвиговое усилие генерируют с применением смесительного оборудования, способного генерировать и вводить ультразвуковую энергию в смесь.22. The method according to item 21, in which a large shear force is generated using mixing equipment capable of generating and introducing ultrasonic energy into the mixture. 23. Способ по п.22, в котором количество эмульгатора составляет от приблизительно 20% до приблизительно 90% количества эмульгатора, требуемого для получения размера диспергированных частиц без применения ультразвуковой энергии.23. The method according to item 22, in which the amount of emulsifier is from about 20% to about 90% of the amount of emulsifier required to obtain the size of the dispersed particles without the use of ultrasonic energy. 24. Эмульгированное топливо по п.1, в котором средний размер частиц капелек выбран из группы, состоящей из приблизительно 0,01 - приблизительно 15 мкм; 0,1 - приблизительно 10 мкм; 0,5 - приблизительно 5 мкм и их смесей.24. The emulsified fuel according to claim 1, in which the average particle size of the droplets is selected from the group consisting of from about 0.01 to about 15 microns; 0.1 to about 10 microns; 0.5 to about 5 microns and mixtures thereof. 25. Эмульгированное топливо по п.24, дополнительно содержащее эффективное количество добавки для увеличения цетанового числа композиции биологического топлива.25. The emulsified fuel according to paragraph 24, further comprising an effective amount of an additive to increase the cetane number of the biofuel composition. 26. Эмульгированное топливо по п.25, в котором цетановая добавка выбрана из группы, состоящей из пероксидов, нитратов, нитритов, нитрокарбаматов и их смесей.26. The emulsified fuel according A.25, in which the cetane additive is selected from the group consisting of peroxides, nitrates, nitrites, nitrocarbamates and mixtures thereof. 27. Эмульгированное топливо по п.1, дополнительно содержащее, по меньшей мере, один элемент, выбранный из группы, состоящей из тепловых стабилизаторов, стабилизаторов против старения, антиоксидантов, красящих агентов, красок, маркеров, модификаторов запаха, ингибиторов коррозии, ингибиторов смолообразования, дезактиваторов металла, смазки верхней части цилиндра, улучшителей трения, детергентов, бактериостатических агентов, фунгицидов, микробиоцидов и их смесей.27. The emulsified fuel according to claim 1, additionally containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of thermal stabilizers, anti-aging stabilizers, antioxidants, coloring agents, paints, markers, odor modifiers, corrosion inhibitors, gum inhibitors, metal deactivators, lubricants of the upper part of the cylinder, friction improvers, detergents, bacteriostatic agents, fungicides, microbiocides and their mixtures. 28. Эмульгированное топливо по п.25, в котором эмульгатор выбран из группы, состоящей из полиэтиленгликоль-полипропиленгликолевых блок-сополимеров, моноолеата сорбитана, моностеарата сорбитана, монопальмитата сорбитана, монолаурата сорбитана, триолеата полиоксиэтилен (20) сорбитана, моноолеата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана, монолаурата полиэтилен (20) сорбитана и их смесей, и в котором спирт выбран из группы, состоящей из этиленгликоля, диэтиленгликоля, триэтиленгликоля, пропиленгликоля, дипропиленгликоля, трипропиленгликоля и их смесей.28. The emulsified fuel according to claim 25, wherein the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymers, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan (20) sorbitan monooleate, polyethylene monolaurate polyethylene (20) sorbitan and mixtures thereof, and in which the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and mixtures thereof. 29. Эмульгированное топливо по п.28, дополнительно содержащее вспомогательную горючую жидкость с малой вязкостью, с малой плотностью, выбранную из группы, состоящей из углеводородных растворителей, растворителя для краски, скипидара, уайт-спиритов и их смесей.29. The emulsified fuel according to claim 28, further comprising an auxiliary flammable liquid of low viscosity, low density, selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon solvents, paint thinner, turpentine, mineral spirits and mixtures thereof. 30. Композиция биологического топлива по п.1, содержащая масло, полученное из семян или плодов растений или их смесей.30. The biofuel composition according to claim 1, containing oil obtained from seeds or fruits of plants or mixtures thereof. 31. Способ по п.12, содержащий масло, полученное из семян или плода растений или их смесей.31. The method according to item 12, containing oil obtained from seeds or fruits of plants or mixtures thereof. 32. Биологическое топливо по п.2, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор содержит смесь, по меньшей мере, двух эмульгаторов, в которой, по меньшей мере, один из двух данных эмульгаторов демонстрирует низкое значение HLB, равное приблизительно 1 - приблизительно 6, и, по меньшей мере, один из двух данных эмульгаторов демонстрирует высокое значение HLB, равное приблизительно 6 - приблизительно 20, при условии, что низкое значение HLB и высокое значение HLB одновременно не равны 6.32. The biofuel according to claim 2, in which at least one emulsifier contains a mixture of at least two emulsifiers, in which at least one of the two emulsifiers exhibits a low HLB value of about 1 to about 6, and at least one of the two emulsifiers exhibits a high HLB value of about 6 to about 20, provided that the low HLB value and the high HLB value are not equal to 6 at the same time. 33. Биологическое топливо по п.32, в котором: (I) сумма (a) массы воды и (b) массы содержащего гидроксил органического соединения; деленная на (II) массу растительного и животного жира и масла, меньше приблизительно 0,25.33. The biofuel according to claim 32, wherein: (I) the sum of (a) the mass of water and (b) the mass of the hydroxyl-containing organic compound; divided by (II) the mass of vegetable and animal fat and oil, less than about 0.25. 34. Способ по п.14, в котором, по меньшей мере, один эмульгатор содержит смесь, по меньшей мере, двух эмульгаторов, в которой, по меньшей мере, один из двух данных эмульгаторов демонстрирует низкое значение HLB, равное приблизительно 1 - приблизительно 6, и, по меньшей мере, один из двух данных эмульгаторов демонстрирует высокое значение HLB, равное приблизительно 6 - приблизительно 20, при условии, что низкое значение HLB и высокое значение HLB одновременно не равны 6.34. The method according to 14, in which at least one emulsifier contains a mixture of at least two emulsifiers, in which at least one of the two emulsifiers exhibits a low HLB value of about 1 to about 6 , and at least one of the two emulsifiers exhibits a high HLB value of about 6 to about 20, provided that the low HLB and high HLB are not equal to 6 at the same time. 35. Способ по п.34, в котором: (I) сумма (a) массы воды и (b) массы содержащего гидроксил органического соединения; деленная на (II) массу растительного и животного жира и масла, равны, или меньше приблизительно 0,25.35. The method of claim 34, wherein: (I) the sum of (a) the mass of water and (b) the mass of the hydroxyl-containing organic compound; divided by (II) the mass of vegetable and animal fat and oil are equal to or less than about 0.25. 36. Эмульгированная топливная смесь, приготовленная из следующих компонентов: (A) 1500 частей растительного, или животного масла, или жира и (B) 900 частей воды и (C) 400 частей денатурированного этанола 90 мас.% (180 пробы); (D) 30 частей, по меньшей мере, одного компонента, выбранного из группы, состоящей из (1) гидрогенизированного касторового масла; (2) цетилового спирта и (3) смеси (1) и (2); и необязательно дополнительно содержащая 500 частей вспомогательной горючей жидкости.36. An emulsified fuel mixture prepared from the following components: (A) 1,500 parts of vegetable or animal oil or fat and (B) 900 parts of water and (C) 400 parts of denatured ethanol 90 wt.% (180 samples); (D) 30 parts of at least one component selected from the group consisting of (1) hydrogenated castor oil; (2) cetyl alcohol; and (3) a mixture of (1) and (2); and optionally additionally containing 500 parts of auxiliary flammable liquid. 37. Способ для приготовления эмульгированной топливной смеси, содержащий: (I) смешивание (A) 400 частей денатурированного, содержащего воду этанола 90 мас.% (180 пробы) и (B) 30 частей, по меньшей мере, одного компонента, выбранного из группы, состоящей из (1) гидрогенизированного касторового масла; (2) цетилового спирта и (3) смеси (1) и (2), для формирования добавки; (II) смешивание добавки с компонентом (B) 900 частей воды для формирования смеси (II); (III) добавление смеси (II) с одновременным смешиванием с (D) 1500 частей растительного или животного масла, или жира для формирования в основном эмульгированной смеси. 37. A method for preparing an emulsified fuel mixture, comprising: (I) mixing (A) 400 parts of a denatured water-containing ethanol 90 wt.% (180 samples) and (B) 30 parts of at least one component selected from the group consisting of (1) hydrogenated castor oil; (2) cetyl alcohol; and (3) a mixture of (1) and (2) to form an additive; (Ii) mixing the additive with component (B) 900 parts of water to form a mixture (II); (III) adding a mixture of (II) while mixing with (D) 1,500 parts of vegetable or animal oil or fat to form a substantially emulsified mixture.
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