RU198939U1 - DEVICE FOR BIOTHERMAL WASTE DRYING BY COMPOSTING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the mechanical and biological treatment of municipal solid waste and waste similar in composition. A device for biothermal drying of waste by composting is proposed, containing a watertight platform, along which aeration channels are made in the form of recesses with perforated grids, the surface of the waterproof platform is made with an inclination. The slope of the waterproof platform is designed to drain liquid from its surface into the aeration channels, and the bases of the aeration channels are made with an inclination to one of the sides of the waterproof platform. In the lower parts of the aeration channels, hydraulic valves are made. In this case, the aeration channels are connected in series with the air heater and the fan by means of air ducts, which are connected to the control unit by power cables. The device provides the ability to operate at negative outdoor temperatures, ensuring uniform collection of filtrate from a waterproof platform. 9 h. p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the mechanical and biological treatment of solid municipal and similar in composition consumption waste by means of aerobic biothermal composting for the purpose of their neutralization, decontamination and weight reduction, for subsequent use, treatment, disposal, storage or disposal. [C05F 17/00].

From the prior art known DEVICE FOR COMPOSTING [RU 2628518 C1, publ. 17.08.2017], including a site for the collection of crushed and mixed organic waste and a covered compost storage, characterized in that the site is combined with a storage, which is a pit with a rectangular bottom loosened onto a shovel bayonet up to 1 meter deep, wide and long required for the entire estimated volume of waste, which has a frame of shields up to 0.4 m high along the perimeter above ground level and is divided by partitions with slots along their entire height into covered sections, in each of which plastic tubes with thermometers placed in them are installed, with the possibility of vertical movement.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the contamination of the area with the compost liquid formed during the composting process, as well as the low composting performance due to the small size of the composting device.

Also known from the prior art is a METHOD FOR AEROBIC TREATMENT OF BIRD LITTER AND A DEVICE FOR OBTAINING ORGANIC FERTILIZER [US2014196512 (A1), publ. 17.07.2014], according to which the biological chamber has a chamber body that forms a receiving chamber and an aeration chamber. The aeration chamber forms the basis of the receiving chamber and is divided by a perforated partition. The oxygen sensor and temperature sensor are located inside the receiving chamber. The fan is connected to the aeration chamber and can blow air into it. The method includes: mixing bird droppings with a carbon carrier; loading the mixture into the receiving chamber; control of temperature and oxygen concentration in the mixture; aeration of the mixture; regulation of temperature and oxygen concentration by adjusting the operation of the blower.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the supply of air into the aeration chamber through a perforated partition, which does not provide oxygen access to the entire processed material, slows down the processing process and reduces the productivity of the biological chamber.

Also known from the prior art is an ENERGY-SAVING, ENVIRONMENTALLY CLEAN AND EFFICIENT AEROBIC COMPOSTING SYSTEM [CN105036838 (A), publ. 11.11.2015], containing an aerobic composting system, which includes a composite coating module, a ventilation module, a data collection module and a storage and management module, and the composite coating module consists of a composting field, a composite coating layer and a movable film coating. a machine; the compostable material accumulates in the composting area; the composite overlay covers the compostable material through a movable film machine to form a closed space between the composting material and the composite overlay; the ventilation module consists of a fan and a ventilation duct; data collection module includes temperature sensors, oxygen concentration sensors and pressure sensors; the storage and management module includes a computer terminal, data processing software, and a plurality of data cables; the data acquisition module is connected to the storage and control module via a signal transmission cable.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the formation in the process of composting of a large amount of compost liquid, which accumulates, flows down to the ground and produces environmental contamination of the adjacent territory.

The closest in technical essence is the CLIMATE CHAMBER FOR AEROBIC FERMENTATION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS [CN108569918 (A), publ. 09/25/2018], which contains a rectangular waterproof platform, along which there are aeration channels in the form of recesses with perforated grids, while the perimeter of the rectangular platform is made with the possibility of a hermetic connection with the edges of a semi-permeable membrane located on top of the rectangular platform. The rectangular platform has an inclination of 2 ° to one of the smaller sides of the platform with the possibility of ensuring the drainage of compost liquid into the trench system located behind the rectangular waterproof platform for collecting compost liquid. The use of which involves the stages of laying the compostable material on a waterproof platform, covering the compostable material with a semi-permeable film, ensuring a hermetic connection of the film with the perimeter of the rectangular platform and turning on a fan that blows air into the aeration channels.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the applied filtrate (compost fluid) collection system, which includes an inclined rectangular waterproof platform and open trenches. An inclined rectangular platform provides an uneven flow of filtrate, in which the compost material in the upper part of the platform is drier than in the lower part, therefore, the characteristics of the finished product (compost) strongly depend on where it is located in the climatic chamber. An open system of trenches for collecting leachate should not be used at subzero outdoor temperatures; in addition, leachate can seep into the ground and contaminate the surrounding area.

The task of the utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the utility model is to ensure the possibility of operating the climatic chamber at negative outside temperatures.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a device for biothermal drying of waste by composting, containing a waterproof platform, along which aeration channels are made in the form of recesses with perforated grids, the surface of the waterproof platform is made with an inclination, characterized in that the inclination of the waterproof platform is made with the possibility the drainage of liquid from its surface into the aeration channels, and the bases of the aeration channels are made with an inclination to one of the sides of the waterproof platform, hydraulic gates are made in the lower parts of the aeration channels, while the aeration channels are connected in series with the air heater and the fan through the air ducts, which are connected to the power cables control unit.

In particular, the hydraulic seal is made in the form of a drainage pit, in which a smaller part of the L-shaped drainage pipes facing downward is located, connected to the aeration channels and a smaller part of the L-shaped sewer pipes facing upward.

In particular, L-shaped drainage pipes are designed with an inclination towards the drainage pits.

In particular, the hydraulic seal is designed as a vertical U-shaped hydraulic seal.

In particular, the waterproof platform is made in the form of a dirt platform with a waterproof coating.

In particular, the waterproof platform is designed as a concrete platform.

In particular, the surface of the concrete platform is made with a transverse inclination of more than 1 ° to the aeration channels and with a longitudinal inclination of the bases of the aeration channels from 0.5 to 1 °.

In particular, the perimeter of the waterproof platform is designed to be sealed to the edges of the semi-permeable film located on top of it.

In particular, an outside temperature sensor is connected to the control unit with a signal line.

In particular, the grilles are installed over the aeration channels by means of a groove or screw connection.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a section A-A of a device for biothermal waste drying by composting.

Figure 2 shows a section BB of a device for biothermal drying of waste by composting.

Figure 3 shows a section BB of a device for biothermal waste drying by composting.

Figure 4 shows a section G-G of the device for biothermal drying of waste by composting.

Figure 5 shows a top view of a group of climatic chambers for biothermal drying of waste by composting according to 1 embodiment.

The figures indicate: 1 - soil, 2 - concrete platform, 3 - end fence, 4 - side fences, 5 - aeration channels, 6 - perforated gratings, 7 - L-shaped drainage pipes, 8 - drainage pits, 9 - G- shaped sewer pipes, 10 - drainage pits covers, 11 - sewer pipeline, 12 - storage tank, 13 - control unit, 14 - signal wires, 15 - temperature probe, 16 - oxygen probe, 17 - bracket, 18 - fan, 19 - power cables, 20 - air ducts, 21 - air heater, 22 - compostable material, 23 - semi-permeable film, 24 - pressure pipe loops, 25 - pressure pipes, 26 - strong textile material, 27 - probe connectors.

Implementation of the utility model.

In one of the possible embodiments of the claimed utility model, a device for biothermal drying of waste by composting contains a concrete platform 2 installed on the ground 1. On one of the smaller sides of the concrete platform 2, there is an end fence 3, which is made with a cross-section in the form of an inverted T-shape with an enlarged base towards the concrete platform 2. Along the large sides of the concrete platform 2 there are side fences 4, which are made with a cross-section in the form of an inverted T-shape with an enlarged base towards the concrete platform 2, and the side fences 4 are made with a beveled end and a lower height than end guard 3.

Along the concrete platform 2, there are aeration channels 5 in the form of recesses with perforated grids 6. The surface of the concrete platform 2 is made with an inclination of more than 1 ° from the side rails 4 to the aeration channels 5 and with an inclination of the bases of the aeration channels from 0.5 to 1 ° to the end railing 3, which ensures uniform collection of the filtrate from the concrete site 2.

The bases of the aeration channels 5 in the lower part are mated with L-shaped drainage pipes 7, which pass through the holes in the end fence 3 and end in pits 8, with the smaller parts of the drainage pipes 7 facing downward. Also in the pits are located upwardly facing smaller parts of the L-shaped sewer pipes 9. On top of the drainage pits 8 there are covers 10.

The pits 8 together with the downward-facing parts of the drainage pipes 7 and the upward-facing parts of the L-shaped sewer pipes 9 form hydraulic seals when the pits 8 are filled with liquid.

Sewer pipes 9 by means of sewer pipelines 11 are connected to the storage tank 12.

On the facade of the end fence 3, a control unit 13 is installed, connected by signal wires 14 with the temperature probe 15 and the oxygen probe 16, which in the initial position are located on the bracket 17, installed in the initial position on the facade of the end fence 3.

On the facade of the end fence 3, a fan 18 is installed, which is connected with a power cable 19 to the control unit 13 and through air ducts 20 communicates with the L-shaped drain pipes 7. Also, the control unit 13 with power cables 19 communicates with the air heater 21, which is installed in the air duct between the fan 18 and L-shaped drain pipes 7.

In the working position on the concrete platform 2 there is a compostable material 22, which is covered with a semi-permeable film 23, the edges of which are pressed along the perimeter of the concrete platform 2. For example, loops 24 for pressure pipes 25 can be sewn around the perimeter of the semi-permeable film 23.

On top of the semi-permeable film can be sewn rectangular pads made of durable textile material 26, in which the connectors 27 for probes 15 and 16 are mounted. In the perforated grids 6 holes with a diameter of 5 to 20 mm are made.

A temperature sensor is connected to the control unit 13.

The power of the fan 18 is 1.5 to 1.8 kW.

The storage tank 12 can be made in the form of a reinforced concrete tank.

The semi-permeable film 23 is made in the form of a three-layer semi-permeable membrane covering, which provides optimal composting conditions and isolation of the composting process from the environment.

A device for biothermal waste drying by the method is used as follows.

Initially, when placing the compostable material 22 on the concrete platform 2, the fan 18 is turned on, which blows air into the aeration channels 6 to prevent clogging of the holes in the perforated gratings 6.

During the laying of the compostable material 22 on the concrete platform 2 at negative outside temperatures, the control unit 13 turns on the air heater 21, which heats the incoming air into the aeration channels 5, which allows the composting material 22 to be processed at negative outside temperatures.

After placing the compostable material 22 on the concrete site 2, it is covered with a semi-permeable film 23, and a tight connection of the semi-permeable film 23 with the perimeter of the concrete site 2 is provided.

Then, probes 15 and 16 are inserted into the connectors for probes 27 at an angle of 45 ° to prevent the formation of condensation drops on their sensitive elements.

Then, the supply fan 18 is turned on, which blows air into the aeration channels 5, depending on the values of the signals from the measuring probes 15 and 16, which are fed to the control unit 13 via the signal wires 14.

During composting at negative outside air temperatures, the control unit 13 turns on the air heater 21, which heats the air entering the aeration ducts 5.

The activation of the heater 21 by the control unit 13 can be automatic by means of data from the outside air temperature sensor or manual.

An obvious technical advantage of the claimed technical solution is the use of aeration ducts 5 to supply air to the compostable material 22 and drain its filtrate, which at negative ambient temperatures are heated by warm air from the air heater 21, which makes it possible not to overcool the compostable material 22 when external air is supplied to it ( the composting process is accelerated) and does not freeze its filtrate when it flows through the L-shaped drain pipes 7 into the drainage pits 8. By applying these solutions, the claimed technical result of the utility model is achieved.

Aeration of compostable raw materials is a prerequisite for suppressing odors during aerobic decomposition of compostable materials, accelerated decomposition of organic substances.

When using the claimed technical solution, the composting process will be carried out around the clock and year-round under a semi-permeable film 23, which prevents the emission of harmful pollutants (ammonia, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ethyl mercaptan, methane, hydrogen sulfide, phenol, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide) into the atmosphere 90% -97%.

Excess moisture is transferred to the storage tank 12 by means of the combined sanitation and aeration system.

The claimed technical solution can be implemented throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, in the full range of natural zones, from arctic deserts in the north to semi-deserts of the Caspian lowland in the south. The use of "climatic chambers" and a closed cycle of sanitation eliminates the negative impact of composting processes on the environment.

All of the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement of individual features made in the spirit and principle of this utility model must be included in the scope of its protection.

Claims (10)

1. A device for biothermal drying of waste by composting, containing a waterproof platform, along which aeration channels are made in the form of recesses with perforated grids, the surface of the waterproof platform is made with an inclination, characterized in that the slope of the waterproof platform is made with the possibility of draining liquid from its surface into aeration channels, and the bases of the aeration channels are made with an inclination to one of the sides of the waterproof platform, hydraulic gates are made in the lower parts of the aeration channels, while the aeration channels are connected in series with the air heater and the fan through the air ducts, which are connected to the control unit by power cables. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic seal is made in the form of a drainage pit, in which a smaller part of the L-shaped drainage pipes facing downward is located, connected to the aeration channels and a smaller part of the L-shaped sewer pipes facing upward. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the L-shaped drainage pipes are made with an inclination towards the drainage pits. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic valve is made in the form of a vertical U-shaped hydraulic valve 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof platform is made in the form of a dirt platform with a waterproof coating. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof platform is made in the form of a concrete platform. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the surface of the concrete platform is made with a transverse inclination of more than 1 ° to the aeration channels and with a longitudinal inclination of the bases of the aeration channels from 0.5 to 1 °. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the perimeter of the waterproof platform is made with the possibility of hermetic connection with the edges of the semi-permeable film located on top of it. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an outside air temperature sensor is connected to the control unit with a signal wire. 10. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grilles are installed over the aeration channels by means of a groove or screw connection.

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