RU189309U1 - PHYTOTECHCOMPLEX FOR CULTIVATION OF PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture and is designed for year-round cultivation of high-quality fresh plant products in the Arctic and sub-arctic territories, where high demands are placed on environmental safety. The phytotech complex for plant cultivation includes vegetation plants, plant powering equipment, power supply equipment, ensuring its functioning and standalone mode, climate control device, the device ensuring the light mode you grow plants using preferably LED lamps, a hardware and software complex of the phytotech control system and a heat-insulating sheath equipped with a gateway to prevent the ingress of outside air. Vegetation plants contain germinators with nutrient solution, equipped with trapezoidal inserts, formed from several trapezoid supports. In addition, the germinators are provided with lids, in which there are slotted or other shaped openings for the emergence of seedlings and the maintenance of cultivated plants. Trapezoidal liners are covered with a root-impermeable moisture-conducting tissue partially immersed in the nutrient solution, and a layer of Cambrian clay is applied to the surface of the fabric. Using the proposed technical solution for growing plants improves the performance of the phytotech complex and the quality of plant products, and also ensures the environmental safety of the environment.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of crop production, in particular, to industrial complexes for growing vegetable crops (“vegetable factories”) in areas with difficult climatic and environmental conditions and high requirements for environmental protection (Arctic, sub-arctic areas).

A plant is known for growing greens using the “Green Rooms” technology (Japan) in Khabarovsk [news ... zavod ... vyrashchivaniyu-zelenykh ...], as well as vegetable factories, which are described in literature [T. Kozai, G. Niu, M. Takagaki Plant Factory, Indoor Vertical Farming System for Efficient Food Production. 2016. AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO. Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-12-801775-3; Kalantari F, Tahir O M, Joni RA, Fatemi E. Fatmi E. Opportunities and challenges in sustainability of vertical farming: A review. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 2017: 5-30; Shamshiri R R, Kalantari F, Ting K C, Thorp K R, Hameed I A, Weltzien C, et al. Advances in greenhouse automation and controlled environment. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11 (1): 1-22 et al.]. Known objects using hydroponic technology for year-round cultivation of green and vegetable crops, and for lighting plants - LED lamps, contain vegetation plants, power supply systems and microclimate control (temperature, humidity, gas composition, air circulation), a system for ensuring the light regime of cultivated plants , plant nutrition system - containers with water and nutrient solution, nutrient solution supply devices for installations and discharge it for cleaning, bark rection and reuse.

The disadvantage of such complexes is low aeration of the root systems of plants, which causes a decrease in the quality of the obtained plant products, and the need to utilize the substrates used for growing plants after the end of the growing season, which is undesirable in the conditions of the Arctic and subarctic territories.

Known closest to the claimed technical solution object - a complex for growing vegetables at the Antarctic research station Neumayer Station 111 (Germany) [https://pikabu.ru/story/v_antarktike_vpervyie_vyirastil] - a prototype.

The complex provides year-round cultivation of green and vegetable crops in the conditions of the Arctic and subarctic territories using hydroponic technology.

The well-known object includes vegetation plants, an electrical power supply system ensuring its autonomous operation, a climate control system (temperature, humidity, gas composition, air circulation), a system for ensuring the light regime of cultivated plants using preferably LED lamps, a plant power supply system - water and nutrient solution, the device for feeding and discharging the nutrient solution, as well as the heat insulating sheath (floor, walls, roof), sleep fluoropyridinium gateway to prevent the ingress of outside air.

Plants at the station are grown in hydroponic conditions, which is associated with insufficient aeration of the root systems of plants and, thus, with a decrease in the quality of plant products. In addition, the trace element composition of such products is due to a set of trace elements contained in the nutrient solution, which in some cases is completely inadequate.

The proposed utility model - phytotech complex for growing plants (FTC) - solves the problem of intensive resource-saving year-round waste-free cultivation of plants in extreme conditions of the Far North and stable production of high yields of plant products, according to the quality and safety of the relevant sanitary and hygienic standards of the Russian Federation.

The technical result from the use of the utility model is to increase the productivity of the FTC, the quality of the obtained plant products and the environmental safety of production.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the phytotech complex for growing plants, which includes vegetation plants, a plant feeding device, an electric power supply device, a microclimate control device, a device for providing a light regime of cultivated plants using preferably LED lamps, a hardware-software device of the phytotech control system, and a heat-insulating shell, equipped with a gateway to prevent outside air penetration, differs by t of the prototype by the fact that vegetative plants contain germinators with nutrient solution, equipped with trapezoidal inserts, which are a group of interconnected trapezoidal supports, on which moisture-impermeable impermeable to the roots is laid, partially immersed in the nutrient solution, and a layer of Cambrian clay suspension is applied to the surface of the tissue , while the germinators are equipped with covers with holes for plants.

FIG. 1 shows schematically a four-tiered vegetation plant for growing plants (general view); FIG. 2 - a germinative (in section); FIG. 3 - fragment of bedding with trapezoidal liner (in section).

The vegetation installation (Fig. 1) contains a frame 1 with propagators 2 placed on each tier, vegetation lamps 3, above which there are heat-reflecting screens 4. Feed and discharge of the nutrient solution from germinator 2 are provided by the collector of the nutrient solution 5, the supply nozzle 6 and the drain nozzle 8, connected to the collecting manifold 7. The vertical posts of the frame 1 are equipped with adjusting screws 9 to ensure a stable vertical position of the device.

The number of tiers in the vegetation installation is determined by the dimensions of the grown crops.

The plant (Fig. 2) consists of a body 10, provided with a feeding nipple fitting 6 and a drain fitting 11 connected to the drain connection 8, and a lid 12 with holes 13 for sprouting and maintaining growing plants. Trapezoidal liners 14, partially immersed in nutrient solution 15 and consisting of several trapezoidal supports 16 interconnected (Fig. 3), are placed at the bottom of the bedrock. The surface of the trapezoidal liners 14 is covered with a moisture-conducting fabric 17. On the surface of the fabric 17, located on the tops of the trapezoidal supports 16, a layer of suspension of Cambrian clay 18 is applied.

Phytotech for growing plants (for example, four-tier vegetative plant) works as follows.

It is assumed that the heat insulating sheath of the phytotechnical complex (floor, walls, roof), equipped with a gateway to prevent the ingress of external air, inside which all devices, devices and equipment can operate at ambient air temperature down to -60 ° С, is closed.

Power supply (external or autonomous) and microclimate (temperature, humidity, gas composition, air circulation) are provided. The plant nutritional device provides for the preparation of a nutrient solution, its supply to vegetation plants and the withdrawal of a nutrient solution for correction and reuse. The hardware-software device of the phytotech control system (automation of the process of growing plants from connecting all the above-mentioned devices to harvesting) functions.

That is, well-known and well-tested solutions are used.

In each germinator 2 of the vegetation installation, trapezoidal liners 14 are formed, formed from several interconnected trapezoidal supports 16, for example, from 6-9 in one insert, for ease of maintenance and transportation. The liners 14 are covered with a root-impermeable moisture-conducting fabric 17. A layer of Cambrian clay 18 is suspended on the surface of the fabric located on the tops of the trapezoid supports 16, which significantly expands the set of trace elements available to the plants grown 19 (LG Gilinskaya, T.N. Grigorieva, LI Razvorotneva and L.V. Trofimova Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Natural Blue Clays L. // Chemistry for Sustainable Development 16 (2008), 143-153).

In germinator 2 in automatic mode with a certain regularity (program-time management) from a nutrient solution tank, common to all vegetation plants (not shown), in which plants of the same type are grown, nutrient solution 15 is pumped into the collector 5 of each plant, and Further, through the feed pipe 6, it enters the germinator 2. In this case, the drain fitting 11 of the growth chamber 2 must be open. When the established level is exceeded, the nutrient solution from germina 2 is discharged through the pipe 8 and the collecting manifold 7.

30-40 minutes after feeding the nutrient solution into the germinating plant 2, planting seedlings or planting seeds is planted on the tops of the trapezoidal supports 16, and then the germinative seeds 2 are covered with lids 12. As the plants grow, 19 emerge through the openings 13 in the lids 12, which may be slit or a different form depending on the cultivated vegetable.

The root system of plants 20 (Fig. 3) develops on the surface of moisture-conducting tissue, which ensures high aeration of the root systems of plants. The properties of the tissue and the flat slit capillary formed between the surface of the stand and the tightly fitting tissue provide the plants with a nutrient solution. In addition, Cambrian clay additionally provides plants with trace elements that are missing in the nutrient solution.

After planting seedlings or seed germination include vegetative lamps 3, which provide the necessary parameters of the light environment (average irradiance, uniformity and spectral density of irradiance).

The recommended average irradiance on the useful area of the tier is 90-150 W / m ² HEADLIGHTS with an irradiance uniformity coefficient of 0.6 or more.

It should be guided by well-known recommendations or information about the properties and needs of the plants planned to grow in radiant energy.

To confirm the efficiency of the FTC on the utility model, performance indicators (yield per year) and nitrate content in cultivated vegetable crops (lettuce, tomato, cucumber) were compared with those in plants of the same crops obtained in an industrial greenhouse using hydroponic technology using a thin layer of nutrient solution and with additional light.

The results obtained are presented in the table.

Experimental data show that in the claimed phytotech complex compared with the above-mentioned industrial greenhouse, on average, the productivity is higher for lettuce by 24%, for tomato - by 7%, for cucumber - by 31%, and the quality and safety of vegetable products is significantly higher, judging by that the content of nitrates is consistently lower than the MPC adopted in the Russian Federation: for lettuce - by 60%, for tomato - by 65%, for cucumber - by 55%.

Note:

(*) - Significantly different from the control at 5% significance level.

(**) 1. Nesterov S. Results of varietal tests of the season 2013 // World of greenhouses 2013. №6. Pp. 14-17;

2. N.S. Detkov Protected Ground of Russia: Today and Tomorrow // Potatoes and Vegetables. №11, 2016. p. 2-4;

3. T. Kozai, G. Niu, M. Takagaki Plant Factory, Indoor Vertical Farming for Food Efficiency Quality Production. 2016. AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO. Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-12-801775-3.

(***) Hygienic requirements for the safety and nutritional value of food. SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 '', 06.11.2001.

Thus, the use of the claimed utility model provides higher PTK productivity and improved quality of the obtained vegetable products due to the achievement of the necessary aeration of the root systems of plants and more efficient delivery of the nutrient solution to the root systems due to the trapezoidal profile of the liners (supports), and also due to the expansion of the set trace elements in plant nutrition due to the application of a thin layer of Cambrian clay on the fabric. In addition, the lack of substrates for root systems of plants ensures waste-free production and environmental safety of the environment.

Claims (1)

Phytotech complex for growing plants, containing vegetation plants, plant powering device, power supply device, climate control device, device for providing light regime of cultivated plants using preferably LED luminaires, hardware and software device of phytotech system control system and heat insulating sheath equipped with a gateway to prevent outside air penetration , characterized in that vegetation plants contain germinators with nutrient solution, equipped with trapezoidal inserts, which are a group of interconnected trapezoid supports, on which moisture-impermeable impermeable to the roots is laid, partially immersed in the nutrient solution, and a layer of Cambrian clay suspension is applied to the surface of the tissue, and the germinators are equipped with lids with holes for plants.

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