RU1818439C - Building section - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the construction of multi-story buildings. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A section of a building includes adjoining staircase and sanitary units. The latter is made open from the side of the staircase block, which has large vertical channels in the inner wall panels for passing communications of the sanitary unit. 8 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction of multi-storey buildings of various structural systems, namely, to constructions of a reinforced concrete spatial block with a height of one floor, including staircase elements, ventilation and plumbing channels of bathrooms and kitchens.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce material consumption.

Reducing the weight and consumption of concrete in multi-hollow walls compared with solid-section panels in known stairwell designs gives an advantage to those. which, with large eccentricities, the application of vertical load exceeds more than twice the bearing capacity of solid walls.

In FIG. 1 - installation of a spatial block in a perspective view using an installation tool with four balancing slings; in FIG. 2 - assembly diagram of the layout of volumetric blocks; in FIG. 3 is a tooling for forming a given block in a perspective view with punches for arranging round hollow channels; in FIG. 4 - sections of this snap in

sections of the lower and upper flights of the staircase, taking into account the laying of the spatial inserts I and II for molding, a general view of which is shown in FIG. 5; in FIG. 6 is a diagram for removing liners I and II from a given mold (tool) through an opening in the bottom of the tool; in FIG. 7 is a diagram of reinforcing a volumetric block with working reinforcement (distribution valves are not conventionally shown in this drawing); in FIG. , 8 - fastening the bottom of the flight of stairs to the hollow walls of the volumetric block.

The spatial block 1 with elements of wall panels and stairs includes eight reinforced concrete products, seamlessly integrated into a single whole: lower 2 and upper 3 flights of stairs, intermediate 4 and upper 5 flights of stairs, two ventilation wall panels 6 with a doorway, internal wall panel 7 with two doorways and an outer wall panel 8 with window openings.

It is possible to design a variant of the spatial block 1 with elements of the elevator shaft and garbage chute, for this it is enough to lengthen the block itself and provide

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grind a through hole in the body of the entryway to pass the elevator.

Consider the basic version of the spatial block 1 for five-story buildings, i.e. without the use of an elevator shaft.

The formation of an enlarged block in an inverted state is as follows.

On the vibrating table 9 (Fig. 6), spatial equipment 10 without bottom with an area where pre-inserted volume hollow liners 11 and 12 for forming the lower and upper flights of stairs 2 and 3, an intermediate staircase 4. The base for forming the upper platform 5 serves as the bottom of the tool 10, which is small in size.

Convenience of molding surface finishing elements for marches and platforms consists in laying ceramic tiles, ceramic carpet mosaics, etc., on the upper surface of the bottom of the tooling 10 and spatial inserts 11 and 12. front surface to the bottom.

A cement mortar is placed on top of these tiles, and then the reinforcement of marches and platforms is placed on top in the following sequence: first, the working reinforcement of 13 marches located on the working reinforcement of 14 sites, and on the reinforcement 13 are the rods 15 forming the steps of the march. Between the vertical surfaces of the rig 10 to the level of the platform 4 and the march 2, and above their level, a U-shaped snap 16 is placed that forms the inner surfaces of the staircase (Fig. 3). Between these surfaces, punches 17 are passed, which are separated from each other by reinforcing cages 18, clamped between the reinforcing meshes 19. Moreover, the diameter of the internal channels for water supply and heating is half the diameter of the ventilation and sewer channels. Only one inner channel for drinking water supply is lined with a plastic tube.

Then, concrete mortar 6-8 cm thick is applied on top of the working rods 13,14 and 15 (calculated), and the vertical sides of the tooling 10 are also filled with concrete inside.

After the vibration has been completed and 70% of the initial strength of the concrete cvecn is obtained, first the tool 16, and then the tool 10 are separated from the vibrating table 9 so that there are spatial inserts 11,12 and punches 17 on the table, which must be lubricated before filling the concrete mixture for better

separation from hardened concrete, it is also necessary to lubricate the inner surfaces of the vertical part of the tool box 10.

Then, the finished volume unit 1 is removed from the tool box 10, turned over and placed on a special platform for storage using mounting loops 20, to which the spatial traverse 21 with balancing slings is attached. Using the hook 22 of the tower crane, the building is transported or erected.

Before the concrete 10 is filled with equipment 10, a metal connecting strip 23 of the T-section with a cut shelf at the interface with the upper flight of stairs 3 is welded to the fittings of the first stage of the lower flight of stairs 2 and to the frames 18 of the ventilation walls 6 of the space unit 1 (Fig. 8). The proposed bar protects the design of the lower flight of stairs from accidental damage during transportation of the space unit 1.

In the snap-in 10 itself, diagonal zigzag slots 24 are provided along the vertical inner walls of the box for launching the working rods 14 and 15 of the flights of stairs 2 and 3 and the intermediate platform 4.

The proposed design of the round-hollow walls of the staircase can be used. use not only for ventilation of kitchens and bathrooms, but also for sanitary sewer drains, as well as for hot and cold water supply and heating systems. In this regard, the device of independent adjoining walls of a staircase block of a known design and a typical ventilated wall panel disappears, and with this, all bulky cast-iron sewer racks of large diameter and water supply and heating pipes located in the niches of the sanitary ware and requiring a large amount of work to seal a significant number of these racks, as well as fixing work to seal racks to the walls of niches.

In this case, plumbing cubicles in the form of a five-walled block of the cell type, which is formed simultaneously with the floor and floor slabs, but without the rear external wall panel, should be attached to the hollow walls of the staircase of the developed design on both sides.

To fix the horizontal water supply pipes from the kitchen side, it is provided to weld the upper metal corner to the embedded parts of the plumbing fixture for installing a washbasin and a compact flush cistern. Sewer exits from the toilet and the washbasin are attached to the lower metal corner. In the absence of a rear wall of a plumbing of this type, it is easier to caulk cast-iron outlet pipes into reinforced concrete sewers and to install decorative ventilation grates of bathtubs and toilets in the body of the staircase.

In order to prevent accidental leakage of sewage, water supply and heating at the junction between the lower and higher staircase blocks, it is proposed to provide special reinforced cement and plastic nozzles 20 cm long, which should be placed on the tops of those punches when forming these blocks. which are placed opposite plumbing fixtures so that the lower half of these nozzles (10 cm long) go into the body of the freshly laid concrete mix of the equipment of the proposed staircase. When mounting for self-fixation, a higher staircase of the developed design is mounted on the upper part of the nozzles coated with epoxy resin.

When the punches located opposite the plumbing fixtures enter the sewers, a thickening of the base of these punches with a height equal to the length of the nozzle entry is provided. The thickness of the thickening of the base of the punches of the lower staircase should be equal to the total thickness of the nozzle and the epoxy layer for the higher wall panel of the given block, then it provides tight sealing of the joints of the sewer and water pipes along the entire height of the building.

With this technical solution, it is possible to unify all prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs the size of a room without taking into account the attenuation for the passage of ventilation shafts and sewers, which require a large volume

wet work to seal holes in the body of floor panels.

The technical and economic efficiency of manufacturing spatial staircase blocks of the proposed design lies in the fact that these blocks deliver to the site of the enlarged installation of the building with a full factory finish (tile, paintwork and other types of work), which minimizes post-installation work, including work for sealing vertical installation joints.

Thus, the device of this unit and the method of its installation allows, in comparison with other known structural solutions:

reduce the number and length of leaking and blown joints,

to increase the sealing due to the absence of nodal joints of the walls and their homologation,

reduce the number of mounting units by eight times during their transportation,

reduce by 15% the cost of building the whole building,

halve construction time,

reduce the overall complexity of the construction by 15-20% due to the industrialization of the process of enlarging the blocks in the factory,

increase the degree of prefabrication of buildings by reducing the installation of temporary fixtures, struts, etc.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A building section comprising adjoining sanitary-engineering and staircase blocks to the height of the floor, in the last of which marches and platforms are rigidly connected to the outer and inner wall panels, characterized in that, in order to reduce material consumption, the sanitary the technical unit is made open from the side of the staircase, which has circular vertical channels in the inner wall panels to pass the communications of the sanitary unit. uh TO 6Cfr8l8l 6Cfr8L8l $ glf 91 ,eighteen H $ & and iC Vy ca F -vf nineteen -ЈЈ F FIG. flua-8