RU179951U1 - HEADER TO A SELECTIVE HARVESTER FOR HARVESTING SUNFLOWER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used for combine harvesting of sunflower. The header includes header frame, stem dividers, screw frame with screws, hydraulic motors for screw drive, cutting pairs, conveyor belt, conveyor drive shaft, hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the header frame, hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the screw frame, hinges for connecting the hydraulic cylinder frame headers and with the upper part of the auger frame, as well as the lower part of the auger frame with header frame. The utility model provides a reduction in direct and indirect losses by baskets and seeds by ensuring the adjustment of the angle of inclination of the screws to the field plane when changing the height of their inlet part, carried out by raising and lowering the header during harvesting of both short and tall sunflowers. 3 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, mainly to harvesting equipment used in the cultivation of sunflower in breeding areas.

High-quality harvesting of sunflower seeds depends on many factors, including varietal characteristics of plants, such as the height of the harvested plants, variation in the position of the baskets relative to the soil surface, the departure of the baskets relative to the stem, the diameter of the baskets, etc. Inconsistency of technical means with these signs is associated with crop losses which reach 10%, which does not correspond to agricultural requirements. The main reason for the loss of crop in the form of free seeds and baskets during harvesting is the incomplete selection of the length of sunflower stems regardless of their original length.

State of the art

Known header PSP-1,5 for harvesting sunflower to combine harvester SK-5 "Niva", in which the body of the header and the housing of the inclined chamber of the combine are made one-piece (Adaptation to the combine SK-5 "Niva" for harvesting sunflower PSP-1,5; TO and IE, Reklama Publishing House; Sofia, Bulgaria, 1986). Such a design requires considerable labor when installing the header on the combine and its dismantling. In addition, the inseparable connection of the header body to the body of the inclined chamber implies a special inclined chamber, which is metal-intensive and does not provide the possibility of changing the height of the cut of the sunflower stems.

There is also another brook reaper for harvesting sunflower, which is devoid of these drawbacks and made in the form of a quick-change unit mounted on an inclined chamber of the combine instead of a header for harvesting crops (Adaptation PSP-10 for harvesting sunflower to self-propelled combine harvesters Don, TO and IE , 1991, p. 3). Changing the cutting height in the specified header is done by raising and lowering the inclined chamber of the combine using two hydraulic cylinders mounted on the front axle of the combine and connected by rods to the ears from the bottom of the inclined chamber.

A disadvantage of the known reaper is that it cannot harvest sunflower with a stem height below one meter due to the high location of the cutting apparatus above ground level.

When harvesting undersized varieties of sunflower, the socks of the lifters rest against the ground and do not allow the cutting apparatus to lower to the required level of cut height.

When harvesting tall varieties of sunflower, the socks of the lifters rise above the level of the cut line, which is unacceptable for the normal course of the technological process of the machine. This is due to the fact that along with the baskets long stalks of sunflower come into the threshing device, which overloads the threshing-separating working bodies of the combine. The result is an incomplete sample of the length of sunflower stems and crop loss. Thus, the cutting height of the stalks of sunflower is limited by the design features of the known header, which does not allow to use the range of raising and lowering the header for this purpose due to a change in the position of the inclined chamber.

A known header for harvesting sunflower for a combine harvester (Patent No. 2264078, A01D 41/12, publ. November 11, 2005), including a housing, a screw conveyor, lifters, chain conveyors for stems, belt conveyors for seeds, cutting devices, an intermediate frame, transition shield, drive mechanisms of the working elements of the header. A distinctive feature of the known header is that between its body and the inclined chamber of the combine an intermediate frame is mounted, which is rigidly fixed to the inclined chamber of the combine and, through coaxial axial joints, is connected to the housing of the header with the possibility of rotation in the longitudinal direction. A transverse beam is installed at the level of the bottom of the inclined chamber, on a flat surface of which the adapter plate is freely supported with the possibility of longitudinal movement, pivotally mounted on the bottom of the header. The required angle of rotation of the header relative to the inclined chamber is provided kinematically connected to the intermediate frame by hydraulic cylinders remotely controlled from the harvester cab.

To harvest a tall sunflower, the header with the tilting chamber of the combine is raised to its highest position by means of hydraulic cylinders, while the necessary angle of inclination of the socks of the lifters is provided by turning the header body on the axial hinges in the longitudinal direction relative to the intermediate frame. The elevator tilt angle is changed by turning the header body with the help of hydraulic cylinders mounted on the upper transverse beam and connected to the brackets welded to the posts of the header body. Hydraulic cylinders are controlled remotely by the operator from the cab while the unit is running.

To harvest a low-growing sunflower, the header together with the inclined chamber of the combine is lowered into the lower position by hydraulic cylinders, and the position of the lifters relative to the ground is achieved by turning the header body relative to the inclined chamber of the combine in the opposite direction by the same hydraulic cylinders. In the future, the technological process proceeds as in reapers with a rigid connection to the inclined chamber of the combine.

The hinged attachment of the header to the inclined chamber of the combine improves the process during harvesting of sunflower, but does not exclude the main drawback: it does not provide a cut of baskets of sunflower with a minimum length of stem. The cutting height is limited by the height of the cutting apparatus from the ground, and the height of the grip of the stems in the entry part of the lifters is structurally located at the same level with the cutting apparatus, which makes it impossible to cut the stem directly under the basket. In addition, the disadvantage of the known header is the relative complexity of the design.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the proposed invention is the well-known structurally simple innovative header for a selection combine for harvesting experimental sunflower plots (Scientific-Production and Information Journal "Agricultural Machines and Technologies", No. 6, 2016, p. 40- 43), consisting of a frame on which dividers with screws are mounted. There is a cutting pair on the screws. A belt conveyor is placed between the dividers. The augers are driven by hydraulic motors. Before harvesting, the inlet part of the stalk divider is set at a height equal to the minimum height of the baskets above the soil level. During the movement of the harvester, sunflower plants fall into the channel, are captured by screws and transported to the cutting device. The angular speed of the screws depends on the speed of the combine and is regulated from the workplace of the machine operator. The conveyor belt feeds the cut baskets to the combine threshing device (PROTOTYPE).

A disadvantage of the well-known reaper, which we took as a prototype, is a disruption of the technological process and, as a result, an increase in direct losses of whole baskets and whole seeds when harvesting undersized sunflowers, as well as insufficiently complete selection of the stem length when harvesting tall sunflowers, which leads to an increase in indirect losses seeds from their injury and milling. This is due to the fact that when harvesting a stunted sunflower with a known reaper, it is lowered to its lowest position. In this case, the auger is at an angle to the field plane above 40 °, which goes beyond its optimal values for the implementation of a normal sunflower harvesting process, because the cutting pair is higher than the height of the plants, which, when they are transported by the screws to the cutting apparatus, leads to tearing out the plants from the soil and clogging the riverbed with stems, cutting the baskets. At the same time, part of the baskets “fly off”, falling in front of the header, and do not fall onto the conveyor (these are also direct losses by seeds).

When harvesting a tall sunflower with a known reaper, it is raised to its highest position, while the angle of inclination of the screw to the field plane is minimal (10-15 °), i.e. the auger is located almost horizontally, while when cutting the baskets, the length of the stem segment depends on the height of the plant and the position of the baskets relative to the field surface; therefore, the stems are not completely sampled during harvesting. When sunflower stalks enter the threshing device, they prevent the free separation of seeds in this device, which leads to repeated mechanical impact on the seeds and their injury, i.e. indirect losses of conditioned sunflower seeds.

The problem solved by the claimed utility model is the reduction of direct and indirect losses.

The purpose of the utility model is to provide adjustment of the angle of inclination of the screws to the field plane when changing the height of their inlet part, carried out when raising and lowering the header during harvesting both short, from 1 m (in hybrid areas), and tall to 3 m (in nurseries of different varieties) of sunflower.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the well-known innovative header for a selection combine for harvesting experimental sunflower plots, comprising a header frame, a frame of screws, stem dividers, screws, cutting pairs, a conveyor belt, hydraulic motors for driving screws, a conveyor drive shaft, a conveyor hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the header body, according to a utility model, further comprises a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the screw frame, which is pivotally connected to the header frame and to the rear (upper) part of the screw frame, and NJ (lower) part of the latter is fixed directly to the header frame by a hinge.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The figure 1 schematically shows the header to a selector for harvesting sunflower (side view);

Figure 2 - the same when harvesting tall sunflower;

In Fig.3 - the same when harvesting stunted sunflower.

The inventive header includes a header frame 1, dividers 2 stems, a frame 3 screws with screws 4, hydraulic motors 5 for driving augers, cutting pairs 6, a belt conveyor 7, a drive shaft 8 of the conveyor, a hydraulic cylinder 9 for raising and lowering the frame of the header, a hydraulic cylinder 10 for raising and lowering the screw frame, hinges 11, 12, 13 for connecting the hydraulic cylinder to the header frame and to the upper part of the screw frame, as well as the lower part of the screw frame to the header frame, respectively.

The technical result of this utility model is to reduce the loss of sunflower seed yield when harvesting both short and tall sunflowers by ensuring a reliable process and reducing the size of the stem segment with the basket entering the threshing device of the combine for threshing, i.e. due to a full sample of the length of the stems of sunflower, regardless of their original length. This is explained by the following. The values of the angle of inclination of the screws to the soil plane should be in optimal values (from 25 ° to 35 °) depending on the biometric parameters of sunflower plants. When harvesting sunflower, it is necessary to set the height of the entry part of the screws at the minimum height of the baskets by raising and lowering the header frame by means of hydraulic cylinder 9. At the same time, the angle of inclination of the screws 4 to the soil plane also changes and goes beyond the optimal values, which leads to increased losses in whole baskets . The ability to adjust the angle of inclination of the screws 4 to the plane of the header frame 1 when lowering and raising it using the additional hydraulic cylinder 10 and hinges 11, 12, 13 allows you to provide the optimal angle of inclination of the screws to the soil plane when harvesting both low and tall sunflower plants, t. e. reduce losses.

Utility Model Implementation

Before harvesting, the lead-in of the divider 2 stems is set at a height equal to the minimum height of the baskets above the soil level. During the movement of the combine with the reaper, the plants fall into the channel, are captured by the screws 4 and transported to the cutting pair 6. The angular speed of the screws 4 depends on the speed of the combine and is regulated from the workplace of the machine operator. The conveyor belt 7 feeds the cut baskets into the threshing device of the combine. Moreover, high-quality harvesting of sunflower seeds depends on many factors, including varietal characteristics of plants, in particular, on the height of plants and the position of baskets relative to the soil surface.

When harvesting a low-growing sunflower, the header frame is set, and the lowermost position is such that the entrance part of the stalk divider is at a height equal to the minimum height of the baskets above the soil level, while the cutting pair may be at a height greater than the height of the plants, which can lead to direct losses described above. To prevent this, the operator from the cab of the combine using the hydraulic cylinder 10 lowers the frame 3 of the screws, optimizing the angle of their inclination to the plane of the field and thereby improving the technological process of harvesting and avoiding direct losses with baskets and seeds.

When harvesting tall sunflowers, the header frame is set to its highest position - such that the entrance part of the stalk divider is at a height equal to the minimum height of the baskets above the soil level. In this case, the angle of inclination of the screw to the plane of the field automatically decreases and the smaller it is, the smaller the selection of the stem during shear. To ensure a complete selection of the sunflower stalk, the operator lifts the 3 screws from the cab of the combine using the hydraulic cylinder 10, optimizing the angle of their inclination to the plane of the field and thereby improving the harvesting process - reducing the size of the segment of the stem with the basket entering the threshing machine and threshing thereby preventing indirect loss of conditioned sunflower seeds. The reduction in the size of the segment of the stem with the basket entering the combine threshing machine, as well as the reduction of direct losses by the baskets and seeds, is ensured by the installation of augers at the optimal angle to the plane of the field along the direction of the combine harvester with the claimed header with the claimed complex of essential features, with which the goal is achieved and solved set task.

Claims (1)

Reaper header for a sunflower harvester comprising a header frame, a frame of screws, stem dividers, augers, cutting pairs, a belt conveyor, hydraulic motors, a conveyor drive shaft, a cylinder for raising and lowering the header body, characterized in that it further comprises a raising and lowering cylinder lowering the screw frame, which is pivotally connected to the header frame and to the upper part of the screw frame, and the lower part of the latter is fixed directly to the header frame with a hinge.

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