RU2733227C1 - Header for harvesting of sunflower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machine building. Harvester for sunflower harvesting comprises a frame, dividers with lifters forming guiding channels with stalk conveyors and cutting devices placed in them. Along the guide channels there are conveyors for gripping and moving the stems, and at the outlet of each guiding channel there are cutting devices. Dividers are made with gutters, the bottoms of which are inclined towards the working surface of lifters. Lifters are made with casings, at that adjacent walls of casings of adjacent lifters form guide channel. Axis of rotation of the shredder coincides with the axis of rotation of the master pulley of the shredder. When the header moves along the field, the stems are directed with dividers into guide channels, at the output of which the stem is cut off close to the basket, and the dropped seeds and baskets by the lifter move to the screw conveyor, which supplies them to the threshing device.

EFFECT: harvester ensures reduction of grain losses.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, namely to reapers designed for harvesting stem crops, mainly sunflower.

A sunflower header is known from the prior art (patent SU 1667695, priority dated 10.21.1986). The known header contains a frame, stem lifters fixed on the frame, the covers of which form guide channels, placed along the latter conveyors for gripping and advancing the stems in the channels, cutting devices located at the outlet of each guide channel, a transversely located screw conveyor for supplying the cut mass to the combine and conveyors seeds placed between the guide channels.

The disadvantages of such a header is that the seed conveyor is belt-type, which leads to yield losses during harvesting of 30-40%, due to the adhesion of seeds to the conveyor belt, especially when harvesting in wet weather, as well as clogging and breakdown of the conveyor itself. In addition, the conveyor belt is tilted away from the auger, which causes the sunflower baskets to accumulate at the cutter, some of which then roll to the ground.

Also known from the prior art is a header for harvesting sunflower, comprising a frame, stem lifters fixed on the frame, the covers of which form guide channels, conveyors located along the latter for gripping and advancing the stems in the channels, cutting devices located at the outlet of each guide channel, a transversely located screw conveyor for supplying the cut mass to the combine and seed conveyors located between the guide channels, made in the form of vibratory conveyors and tilted towards the auger conveyor (patent RU No. 2102856, priority dated 13.08.1996).

The disadvantages of this header are:

1. The guide channels are made open along the entire length of the stem movement, which leads to spilling of seeds that have spilled out of the baskets onto the ground.

32. The guide channels are made unchangeable in width.

3. Vibratory conveyors complicate the design of the header and reduce reliability.

The above design drawbacks of such a header lead to significant crop losses during sunflower harvesting.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is a header for harvesting sunflower, containing a frame, lifters with dividers fixed on the frame, forming guide channels in a horizontal plane with stem conveyors and cutting devices located in them, a screw conveyor, a rotary stalk chopper with swinging knives and a chopper drive including a drive belt, a drive pulley, a driven pulley, and a tensioner. (Attachment for harvesting sunflower "Sunmaster 870", operation manual, LLC "Novator-Plus", Rostov-on-Don, 2015 Attachment for harvesting sunflower "Sunmaster 1270", manual, LLC "Novator-Plus ", Rostov-on-Don, 2016).

The disadvantages of this header are:

1. The guide channels are made unchangeable in width.

2. The top surface of the dividers is flat. Seeds falling onto the divider when it touches the stem is not retained in the header and spills onto the ground.

3. The axis of rotation of the chopper does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the drive pulley of the chopper, which reduces the service life of the chopper drive.

The aim of the invention is to create such a design of the header, which eliminates the above disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result is the elimination of crop losses during sunflower harvesting.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known header containing a frame mounted on the frame lifters with dividers, forming guide channels with stalk conveyors and cutting devices placed in them, a screw conveyor, a rotary stalk chopper with swinging knives and a shredder drive, the upper walls of the casings adjacent lifters form a guide channel in a plane located at an angle of 70-90 degrees to the horizontal, at least one of the walls of the casings of two adjacent lifters is made movable, a chute is made in the dividers for collecting spilled seeds, the bottom of which is inclined towards the working surface of the lifter , and for a stalk chopper, the pivot axis coincides with the rotation axis of its driving pulley.

In general terms, the claimed invention is a header for harvesting sunflower, including a frame, mounted on the frame dividers with lifters, forming guide channels with stalk conveyors and cutting devices located in them, a screw conveyor, a rotary stalk chopper with swinging knives and a shredder drive, which is characterized by in that the dividers are made with grooves, the bottoms of which are inclined towards the working surface of the lifters made with casings, while at least one of the walls of the casings of each lifter is movable, with the possibility of forming a guide channel between adjacent walls of the casings of adjacent lifters, variable angle of inclination from 70 ° to 90 ° degrees to the horizontal, and the pivot axis of the grinder coincides with the axis of rotation of the drive pulley of the grinder.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the claimed device, general view;

in fig. 2 is a side sectional view;

in fig. 3 shows the location of the lifters in front view;

in fig. 4 shows the layout of the grinder.

The proposed header 8 contains a frame 1, which is hung by means of a connecting device (not shown) on the combine. On the frame 1 are fixed dividers 2 and lifters 3, the adjacent sides of the casings of which form the supply channels 4. Along the mentioned supply channels 4, there are conveyors 5 for capturing and advancing sunflower stalks in the channels. The indicated conveyors 5 are made by chain. At the outlet of each supply channel 4, disc knives 6 are installed (Fig. 1).

Dividers 2 are made with grooves, the bottoms 9 of which are inclined towards the working surface 10 of the lifters (Fig. 2). The lifters are made with casings, while the upper walls of the casings of adjacent lifters form a guide channel 11 in a plane located at an angle α = 70 ... 90 ° to the horizontal (Fig. 3).

Each lifter has at least one of the walls of the casings made movable (Fig. 3). The stalk chopper is installed so that the rotary axis 12 of the chopper coincides with the rotation axis of the chopper drive pulley (Fig. 4).

The header for sunflower harvesting works as follows: when the header moves across the field, the stalks are guided by the dividers 2 to the input part of the guide channels 4, where they are captured by the conveyors 5 and fed to the disc knives 6, since the disc knives 6 are located above the guide channels 4, then the stem is cut close to the baskets. Baskets and dropped seeds fall on the elevators 3 and, under the influence of their own weight, move along them towards the auger conveyor. The guide channel 11 (Fig. 3), formed by the walls of the casings, is located in the plane 70 ... 90 degrees to the horizon. Therefore, when moving along the channel, the stems of the sunflower bend and the baskets are located above the bottom of the elevator, which excludes spilling of sunflower seeds on the ground. The movable wall of the elevator allows you to set the width of the channel 11 equal to the thickness of the sunflower stem, which also reduces seed loss. When the divider 2 comes into contact with the sunflower stalk, part of the seeds spills out of the baskets and falls on the divider. Since the divider is made in the form of a chute with the bottom 9 inclined towards the elevator, all the seeds from the divider fall on the bottom 10 of the lifter. From the elevator, the cut baskets and seeds are fed to the auger conveyor 7, which feeds them to the threshing device (not shown) of the combine.

The stalk chopper cuts off the sunflower stalks left in the field after cutting the baskets. Since the pivot axis of the chopper coincides with the axis of rotation of the pulley, there is no change in the contour of the chopper drive belt when the cutting height of the stems is changed, which increases the reliability of the chopper.

Thus, the implementation of lifters with casings, the walls of which form a channel, inclined at an angle of 70 ... 0 degrees to the horizontal reduces the loss of seeds. The implementation of lifters with casings, while at least one of the walls of which is made movable, reduces the loss of seeds. Implementation of dividers with grooves, the bottoms of which are inclined towards the working surface of the lifters, reduces grain losses.

Implementation of the grinder in such a way that the axis of rotation of the grinder coincides with the axis of rotation of the drive pulley of the grinder increases the reliability of its operation.

Claims (1)

A header for sunflower harvesting, including a frame, dividers fixed on the frame with lifters, forming guide channels with stalk conveyors and cutting devices placed in them, auger conveyor, a rotary stalk chopper with swinging knives and a chopper drive, characterized in that the dividers are made with chutes , the bottoms of which are located obliquely towards the working surface of the lifters, made with casings, while at least one of the walls of the casings of each lifter is movable, with the possibility of forming a guide channel between adjacent walls of the casings of adjacent lifters, with a variable angle of inclination from 70 to 90 degrees to the horizontal, and the pivot axis of the grinder coincides with the axis of rotation of the drive pulley of the grinder.

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