RU219250U1 - DEVICE FOR TWO-LEVEL HARVESTING OF BASTER CROPS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for harvesting bast crops for seeds and trust (in particular industrial hemp). The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for two-level harvesting of bast crops contains the upper and lower cutting units mounted on one L-shaped body, equipped with a wind shield, a fingerless cutting unit, disk cutting units and an auger, a pick-up made in the form of dividers of two standard sizes, successively alternating with each other, and installed on the side and in front of the relief copying sensors, in the upper part of the L-shaped body, on each side, there are two mounting shafts with an external thread and a hole for a cotter pin, the reel is fixed on the body with the possibility of longitudinal movement of the mounting shafts along grooves made in the slats and made with the possibility of vertical movement by means of hydraulic cylinders, a plant height sensor is installed at the free end of each reel slat, the breaker beater shaft is connected to the reel shaft by means of a chain transmission, and the breaker beater blades are equipped with removable cutting bars. EFFECT: improved quality of harvesting of bast crops.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for harvesting bast crops for seeds and trust (in particular industrial hemp).

Known self-propelled hemp harvester (CN Patent No. 214126044, IPC: A01D41/02, A01D41/06, A01D43/063, A01D65/00, A01D69/03, A01F12/44, publ. 09/07/2021), consisting of a combine frame , standard units of the combine, a header for harvesting industrial hemp seeds, a device for threshing and cleaning hemp seeds connected to the seed header through a jumper, a transport device, a header for harvesting the technical hemp stalk.

The main disadvantage of the harvester is the absence of a device for laying the useful mass of the cut stem into a swath; this design completely grinds the crop, thereby increasing losses. The second disadvantage is the complexity of the design and the inability to adjust the reach of the upper harvester, which also leads to additional losses of useful crop.

A multifunctional unit for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust is known (Patent for invention RU No. 2772915, IPC: A01D 45/00, A01D 41/12, A01D 34/63, publ. 05/27/2022), containing an energy tool, a harvester , including a stripping device with an auger, an inclined chamber with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a bunker, an unloading auger, a rotary-type header-mower located under the stripping device.

The disadvantages of this device are the inability to adjust the reach of the upper header, including the stripping device and the auger, which does not allow for further adjustment of the device. The header, including the stripping device and the auger, is attached to the upper part of the combine body on hydraulic pantographs and is connected to the feeder house in an elevated position, as a result of which the assembly of the structure is difficult. There is also no possibility of sorting the plant mass, which leads to an increase in crop losses.

The closest are the cutting unit and the combine harvester (Patent EP No. 2556740, IPC: A01D45/065, publ. part of which is equipped with cutting bars, the lower cutting unit is made in the form of a pick-up, disk cutting units and dividers. Both nodes are attached separately to the harvester.

The main disadvantage of the design is that for the installation of this device, additional devices (elements) are required, which increase the installation time, and also complicate the process of assembling the structure, since each cutting unit is installed separately. The second disadvantage is the location of attachments of the hydraulic cylinders of the device behind the cab of the combine, which significantly limits the angle of inclination (outreach) of the upper cutting part of the harvester. Due to the fact that the angle of inclination (reach) of the cutting part is limited, at the time of harvesting, losses (placement, for example, by wind) of the useful plant mass of the harvested crop occur. When harvesting the top of the crop, seed spillage occurs because the crop does not enter the feeder house of the combine.

EFFECT: improved quality of harvesting of bast crops.

The technical result is achieved in that the device for two-level harvesting of bast crops contains an upper cutting unit made in the form of a reel mounted on an L-shaped body, the lower part of which is equipped with cutting bars, a lower cutting unit made in the form of a pick-up mounted on an L-shaped housing, disk cutting units and dividers, with the upper and lower cutting units mounted on one L-shaped housing, equipped with a wind shield, a fingerless cutting unit and an auger, the pick-up is made in the form of dividers of two sizes, sequentially alternating with each other, and installed on the side and in front relief copying sensors, in the upper part of the L-shaped body, on each side, there are two mounting shafts with an external thread and a hole for a cotter pin, the reel is fixed on the body with the possibility of longitudinal movement of the mounting shafts along the grooves made in the slats and is made with the possibility of vertical movement by means of hydraulic cylinders, a plant height sensor is installed at the free end of each bar of the reel, the breaker beater shaft is connected to the reel shaft by means of a chain drive, and the breaker beater blades are equipped with removable cutting bars.

The use of terrain copying sensors makes it possible to reliably recognize landscape heterogeneities and identify possible obstacles in the way of the device for double-sided harvesting, which helps prevent breakage of the cutting device and cutting elements of the device, as well as determine the maximum allowable value of the useful crop cut, which improves the process of harvesting bast crops. The location of the terrain copying sensors is due to the fact that the sensors should be located in close proximity to possible obstacles that impede the cleaning process. This makes it possible to achieve a more correct crop harvesting process due to the timely transmission of a signal from the sensors to the operator, thereby preventing breakdowns and increasing harvesting productivity.

The action of sensors for determining the height of the maximum allowable value of crop harvesting is aimed at determining the height of the cut of the useful part of the harvested crop. Installing sensors at the free ends of the reel bars makes it possible to obtain more accurate plant height parameters. The use of these sensors allows you to reduce the amount of loss of plant mass, since they allow you to accurately determine the required cutting height of the useful part, which allows you to correctly determine the position of the reel and the breaking beater relative to the harvested crop. This will allow you to adjust the harvesting parameters to the required crop height in each specific case, which makes it possible to reduce harvesting losses and improve the quality of harvesting in general. The position of the sensors for determining the height of the plant is due to the fact that the sensors should be located in close proximity to the upper part of the plant, thus achieving a more correct process of harvesting the crop due to the timely transmission of a signal from the sensors to the operator, preventing damage, ensuring the harvesting of the useful part and increasing cleaning performance.

The use of a breaker beater, together with a reel, allows you to cut and sort the plant mass, while initially separating the seeds from the leaves and stem, as well as separating the upper and lower cutting units of the device among themselves, thus sorting the upper (useful) part of the harvested crop from stem and leaves. The location of the impact beater facilitates cutting and directing the upper part of the crop into the opening of the feeder house, sorting the upper from the lower part of the cut crop, reducing the loss of the harvested part of the plant and facilitating the threshing process. A chain drive is used to implement the same gear ratios for the rotation of the breaking beater and the reel.

Hydraulic cylinders are designed to move the reel, providing the necessary angle of inclination (reach) for optimal crop harvesting, due to the simultaneous movement of the mounting shafts along the grooves, which allows, when adjusting the position of the reel, by means of hydraulic cylinders, to simultaneously adjust the angle of inclination (reach) without the participation of the operator. To fix the position of the reel and the impact beater, bars are used, which allows you to fix the required position of the reel and the impact beater relative to the harvested crop.

Installation of the auger makes it possible to direct the cut part of the harvested crop into the hole in the lower part of the L-shaped body and lay it in the windrow, thereby reducing the loss of the lower part of the harvested crop.

The execution of the pick-up in the form of sequentially alternating dividers, made of two standard sizes, allows you to better separate and direct the stems of the harvested crop to the fingerless cutting devices, preventing damage to the device when harvesting a large volume of the harvested crop, which improves the quality of harvesting.

The use of one l-shaped frame allows you to place the upper and lower cutting units together on one device, which makes it easier to sort parts of the harvested crop from each other without resorting to the installation and maintenance of additional devices. It also makes it possible to set the necessary harvesting parameters for the upper cutting unit (reel and beater) and the lower cutting unit (disc cutting unit) relative to each other, which contributes to two-level processing, reducing losses during harvesting, by fixing the relative position of both cutting units, improving harvesting quality while sorting the top and bottom of the crop.

The wind shield serves as protection against scattering of the stem mass during cutting and grinding, as well as protection from the wind.

In FIG. 1. - a general view of the device for double-sided harvesting of bast crops is presented.

In FIG. 2. - front view of the device for double-sided harvesting of bast crops.

In FIG. 3. - view of the device for double-sided harvesting of bast crops on the left.

In FIG. 4. - view of the lower part of the device for double-sided harvesting of bast crops from above.

The device for double-sided harvesting of bast crops consists of an l-shaped frame 1, the lower part of which is made in the form of a pick-up 2, equipped with a wind shield 3, a disk cutting unit 4 and an auger 5. The pick-up 2 is made in the form of successively alternating dividers 6, made of two standard sizes, alternating with each other, for better separation and direction of the stems to the fingerless cutting units 7. On the pick-up 2, the sensors for copying the relief 8 are located on the side and front.

In the upper part of the body 1, on each side, there are two mounting shafts (one above the other) with an external thread and a hole for a cotter pin.

On one side of each bar 9 (for example, up to its middle) grooves are made for fixing the mounting shafts in them. On the other side of each bar 9 there is a bearing (for example, pressed in) with the possibility of installing a reel shaft 10 (in the upper bars 9) and a jackhammer shaft 11 (in the lower bars 9) in them.

The blades of the impact beater 11 are equipped with removable cutting bars 12, fixed, for example, by means of bolts, and the shaft of the impact beater 11 is connected to the shaft of the reel 10 by means of a chain drive.

The reel 10 is installed with the possibility of vertical movement by means of hydraulic cylinders 13, one end of which is fixed on the frame 14 of the reel 10, and the other on the body 1 (at the junction of the body with the lower part of the combine feeder house window). At the free end of the bar 9 of the reel 10, sensors for determining the height of plants 15 are installed.

In the housing 1, behind the auger 5, a hole 16 is made to remove the roll part of the cut crop (stems), and yokes 17 are also made, located coaxially with the shafts of the feeder house.

Device for double-sided harvesting of bast crops works as follows.

Housing 1 of the device is attached to the fasteners of the feeder house of the harvester by means of yokes 17.

Preliminarily, sensors for copying the relief 8 and determining the height of plants 15 measure the necessary parameters for setting up the device. Then the operator adjusts the height of the feeder house, which adjusts the height of the pick-up 2, and the hydraulic cylinder 13 rises and pushes the reel 10 with force, thereby raising it to the desired height and providing the required angle of inclination (reach). During the operation of the hydraulic cylinders 13, not only is the adjustment to the desired height, but the required angle of inclination is ensured, by moving the mounting shafts along the grooves, then the castellated nuts are screwed on the external thread of the mounting shafts, and the cotter is carried out, thus, a kind of slider is obtained that does not give mounting shafts to come out of the grooves. Thus, when adjusting the position of the reel 9, by means of the hydraulic cylinders 13, the angle of inclination (reach) is simultaneously adjusted without the participation of the operator.

Next, the operator completes the docking of the feeder house by adjusting the departure of the impact beater 10, setting the required position in the grooves, fixing the straps 9 on the mounting shafts and finally docking by connecting the pulley of the lower shaft of the feeder house conveyor with the shaft of the impact beater 11, for example, by a belt drive.

In the process of harvesting, the reel 10 combs and guides the upper part of the bast crops to the beater blades 11, equipped with removable cutting bars 12, which cut it off and send it to the feeder house conveyor.

At the same time, the dividers 6 of the pick-up 2 guide the stalks to the fingerless cutters 7, which cut them off. The cut stems are crushed by the disk cutting unit 4 and pushed by the auger 5 through the hole 16, thereby being placed in a swath, which is brought out under the harvester.

Windshield 3 serves as protection against scattering of the stem mass during cutting and grinding, as well as protection from the wind.

Thus, the use of a device for two-level harvesting of bast crops containing upper and lower cutting units mounted on one L-shaped body, equipped with a wind shield, a fingerless cutting unit, disk cutting units and an auger, a pick-up made in the form of dividers of two sizes, successively alternating between themselves and the sensors mounted on the side and in front of the relief copying sensors, in the upper part of the L-shaped body, on each side, there are two mounting shafts with an external thread and a hole for a cotter pin, the reel is fixed on the body with the possibility of longitudinal movement of the mounting shafts, according to the slats grooves, and is made with the possibility of vertical movement by means of hydraulic cylinders, at the free end of each reel slat there is a sensor for determining the height of plants, the breaker beater shaft is connected to the reel shaft by means of a chain transmission, and the breaker beater blades are equipped with removable cutting bars, which improves the quality of harvesting bast crops .

Claims (1)

A device for two-level harvesting of bast crops, comprising an upper cutting unit made in the form of a reel mounted on an L-shaped body, the lower part of which is equipped with cutting bars, a lower cutting unit made in the form of a pick-up mounted on an L-shaped body, disk cutting units and dividers, characterized in that the upper and lower cutting units are installed on one L-shaped body, equipped with a windshield, a fingerless cutting unit and an auger, the pick-up is made in the form of dividers of two sizes, alternating in series with each other, with copy sensors installed on the side and in front relief, in the upper part of the L-shaped body on each side there are two mounting shafts with an external thread and a hole for a cotter pin, the reel is fixed on the body with the possibility of longitudinal movement of the mounting shafts along the grooves made in the slats and is made with the possibility of vertical movement by means of hydraulic cylinders, on At the free end of each bar of the reel, a plant height sensor is installed;

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