RU1793850C - Method for cultivation of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agriculture, in particular in potato growing. The essence of the invention: when cultivating potatoes, pre-planting soil is milled to a depth of 10-14 cm. The tubers are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm at a distance of 35-45 cm with the formation of ridges 6-8 cm high and a base 30-35 cm in three p dka according to the scheme of an equilateral triangle. When leaving during the emergence period, three-row clusters are formed with a flat or vog-. a smooth surface by simultaneously hilling three rows. After that, the soil in the compaction is compacted to 1.1-1.2 g / cm3. 1 tablet, 3 sludge.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of cultivating potatoes, and can be used mainly in areas with insufficient soil moisture and with a short growing season.

There is a known method of cultivating potatoes, in which a two-channel bed for tubers is formed along the entire length of the row, and a ridge is formed between the channels of this bed, the distance between the rows of tubers on the row is kept within 30-40 cm, and the tubers are closed by filling the ridges of three peaks.

This method includes multi-operation pre-planting tillage, two pre-emergence tillages by active working bodies, which leads to mixing of the upper and lower soil layers and to the loss of moisture. Further cultivation with loosening the soil between the lines

leads to damage to potato plants and the root system, as well as the transfer of disease and loss of moisture. Creating a profile, load, depending on climatic conditions during earthing is ineffective, because By previous pre-emergence and post-emergence treatments, the soil was dried out.

There is a known method of cultivating potatoes, in which the ridges are formed by moving soil from the zone between the rows to the row of crops simultaneously with the process of pre-planting cultivating arable land, forming a furrow with a distance of 1.4 or 1.8 m from each other equal to the energy gauge means, then the soil in the cluster zone is separated, the large soil lumps selected are simultaneously destroyed and separated into small ones and poured onto the surface of the pile, and when planting tubers, the potatoes are placed in the pile to a depth of 18-20 cm three or four rows long iem 25-35

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cm between rows and 20-35 cm between tubers in a row, and when planting, double pre-emergence loosening of the row is carried out by portionwise displacement of the upper soil layer along the row to a depth of 5-8 cm, preserving its original profile, and after cutting the furrows, the support wheels of energy tools, machines and implements are placed in the furrows between the rows in all operations of growing and harvesting potatoes, without violating the initial profile of the cluster and the structural state of the soil in it. In the described method of cultivating potatoes before planting, four operations are carried out, such as harrowing, cultivating to a depth of 25 cm, cutting furrows, and separating.

This soil preparation technology does not allow for early cultivation, which is unacceptable in conditions of short veg. tation period. Deep tillage disrupts the capillary bond, thereby impairing the moisture supply from the lower layers to the root system of tubers, and separation leads to ventilation and drying of the soil. Planting potatoes to a depth of 18-20 cm also leads to longer seedlings and a shorter potato growing season. Thus, the known potato cultivation method does not increase potato yields under conditions of insufficient soil moisture.

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity by improving cultivation conditions by creating optimal nutritional area, plant illumination and lowering soil temperature.

The goal is achieved in that in a method of cultivating potatoes, including cultivating the soil, planting tubers and forming three rows at a distance of 1.8 m from one another by moving the soil from between rows, according to the invention, the soil is cultivated to a depth of 10 -14 cm by milling, tubers are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm at a distance of 35-45 cm in three rows with an offset, forming an equilateral triangle between adjacent rows, form mounds 6–8 cm high and tuberous base over tuberous 35 cm, and the formation of three rows A bed with a flat or concave surface is carried out when the plants are taken care of during the emergence period by simultaneously hilling three rows, after which the soil in the beds is compacted to 1.1-1.2 g / cm3.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a potato nozzle; in FIG. 2 - placement of tubers in

soil, cross section; in FIG. 3 is a profile of a bunch after hilling potato plants.

The method is carried out as follows.

To pre-expand the growing season, an early preplant treatment is carried out with the KVF-2.8 half milling cultivator to a depth of 10-14 cm. In this layer.

it matures 8-10 days faster than in all arable. Chalk treatment is also needed so as not to disturb the capillary connection of the groundwater and the topsoil, which feeds the roots of the plants with moisture.

5 In one pass, this machine loosens the soil, smoothes the surface and packs, the particle size of the soil is 3-6 mm. Following the pre-planting preparation of the soil, potato tubers are planted with a modernized potato planter KSM-4 to a depth of 4-5 cm with the formation of ridges with a height 6-8 cm and a base of 30-35 cm in three rows according to an equilateral triangle (Fig.1,2) with a distance between tubers of 5 m 35-45 cm. Since the upper soil layers warm up quickly in the early spring, the tubers planted at shallow depth quickly germinated they melt and form the root system, which also contributes to a broader vegetation period. Planting potatoes according to the equilateral triangle pattern creates favorable conditions for access of light to the assimilating surface of plants, as well as for more efficient use of soil nutrients.

In addition, such a scheme for planting potatoes reduces soil temperature, because during the growth of the tops on the hedges there is no free space left on the field, which is extremely necessary since the peak of the highest temperatures occurs during the budding period. During the sprouting period, the same hills are cultivated by specially created

5 by a hiller-former, with the formation of a bunch (Fig. H) having a flat or concave surface capable of holding precipitations. Soil from the zone, between the rails, moves to the rails,

0 plants are covered and a small volumetric compression of the soil is carried out to a density of 1.1-1.2 g / cm. This is done by a planning mechanism to prevent soil subsidence and damage to the root system. In this operation, weeds are also destroyed. The purpose of filling the plants with soil is to obtain a second root of roots and stolons.

In order to eliminate the compaction of plantings of potatoes by the wheels of tractors and agricultural machines, their movement during the whole cultivation and harvesting season takes place between the distances of 1.8 m.

The remaining operations of the potato cultivation technology (spraying plants with chemical solutions from diseases and pests, pre-harvesting tops, harvesting) are carried out according to the generally accepted technology, but preserving the profile of the plots and the original soil structure in them, for which the support wheels of energy tools and all agricultural machines are placed only on furrows between rows.

PRI me R. The proposed method is tested in comparison with the control method, in which the technology of cultivating potatoes with a two-row ridge planting is taken ..

The experiments were carried out at the Sannikovsky Altai Territory state farm on medium loamy soils, the type of soil is alkaline chernozem. A variety of potatoes was grown - Priekulsky,

Z plowing was carried out after harvesting the previous culture in the first days of a St. Br plow with a formation revolution. In spring, the soil was cultivated with a milling cultivator KVF-2.8 to a depth of 12 cm. Following this (2 ma), potatoes were planted (at the rate of 44 thousand tubers per 1 ha) with a modernized KSM-4 potato planter to a depth of 5 cm with the formation of ridges 8 in height cm and a base width of 35 cm. A ridge height of 8 cm is achieved by adjusting the disc working bodies, and a width of 35 cm at the base is achieved by narrowing the frame of the closing working bodies.

The surviving working bodies of the potato and logger are conveyor-type, while the spoons are shifted relative to each other by an equal distance. This allows you to plant potatoes in three rows according to the scheme

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method of cultivating potatoes, including cultivating the soil, planting tubers and forming three-row rows at a distance of 1.8 m from one another by moving the soil from between rows, characterized in that, in order to increase yield by improving cultivation conditions by To create an optimal nutritional area, plant illumination and lower soil temperature, soil cultivation is carried out to a depth of 10-14 cm milling an equilateral triangle, in this case with a side of the triangle equal to 38 cm. After the emergence of seedlings (on the 20th day after planting), hilling was carried out with a specially made machine - a milling hiller - a shaper of three rows with the formation of a concave row 28 cm high and 105 cm wide at the top of the row. The concave row profile is reached adjustment of forming shields. In this case, bulk compression of the bunch was carried out to a density of 1.1 g / cm. The anti-weed treatment was carried out with Zencor preparations 8 days after hilling. After that, after 5 days, the first treatment against phytovtorosis was performed, and after 7 days, the second treatment was performed. During the growing season, soil moisture, density, and temperature were measured in the control and experimental plots. The measurement results are shown in the table. The proposed method for growing potatoes, as can be seen from the table, allows, in comparison with the control, to reduce the temperature of the potato nest, increase the soil moisture of the pile, and reduce compaction. Harvest potatoes in the experimental and control plots were harvested by KKU-2A combines in one period. The potato harvest in the experimental plot amounted to 245 c / ha, in the control - 96 c / t. Thus, due to shallow milling of the soil, shallow planting of tubers according to the scheme, which allows creating equal optimal conditions for the area of nutrition and illumination of each bush, as well as the formation of a flat or concave pile during hilling, the necessary conditions are created for the growth of potato plants in areas with insufficient soil moisture, which in aggregate increases productivity by 2-3 times. Thus, tubers are planted to a depth of 4–5 cm at a distance of 35–45 cm in three rows with mixing, forming an equilateral triangle between adjacent rows, forming knolls 6–8 cm high over the tubers and with a base diameter of 30–35 cm. and the formation of three-row rows with a flat or concave surface is carried out when the plants are taken care of during the emergence period by the simultaneous cultivation of three rows, after which the soil in the rows is compacted to 1.1-1.2 g / cm3. ABOUT about -yes- / vr-vr / ABOUT