RU1788251C - Method for finishing opencast in mining steeply dipping mineral deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the mining industry with the open development of steeply dipping mineral deposits. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: A method of refining quarries where, during the development of the last turn of a quarry (SCC), a pioneer dam (PD) is formed on its border with previously worked bursts across the mineral deposits and the dump is dumped along the dam with the Rus moving in the opposite direction to ny POK. The heights of the dam and the dump are equal and are determined by the possibility of placing sludge and rocks in the worked out space of the SOC from its mining. In the previously worked out space, a sludge storage tank and a settling pond are formed, within which, at the interface of the side and the dump, in the recess of the ledge massif, clarified water intake wells (VKOV) are constructed. PDs are systematically increased in height, at the same time they are transported above the water supply lines, and the worked-out space of the POC is filled with overburden with one rock from the surface in the direction from the PD to the working board along strike. The formation of a water intake pit in the POC is contemplated. Positive effect: reduction of costs for transportation of rocks, their dumping and land reclamation. 3 s.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in open pit mining of steeply dipping mineral deposits of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, coal and building materials.

There is a method of open development of mineral deposits, including mining a quarry to a finite depth in stages, transportation

overburden in the process of mining the quarry, to external dumps, and enrichment waste in the sludge storage, delivery of overburden after mining the quarry into its mined space and storing them in the internal dump with one or several beds, full filling of the mined quarry space. The disadvantages of this method are the high costs associated with the need to alienate land for external dumps and spam storage for long periods of time (20-50 years), violation of the environmental situation in the area of storage of dumps and sludge storages.

There is also a known method for refining quarries when developing steeply dipping deposits, including developing a quarry to a final depth in one of the sections (flanks) to create an initial mining front and provide for the possibility of storing overburden in the interior, dumping internal dumps.

The disadvantage of this method of refining the quarry is the impossibility of storing simultaneously overburden and enrichment waste (sludge) in the developed space, which requires the alienation of land for the disposal of the sludge repository ...

The closest to the claimed solution is a method of dumping and reclamation of deep pits, including overburden sprinkling with layers along one of the sides of the worked pit with preliminary formation of several thrust walls across the pit, creating sections between the walls by filling in longitudinal bridges and filling the space between resistant walls in sections with soft and liquid production wastes.

The method is intended for use only after the quarry has been fully developed. Therefore, the main disadvantage remains the alienation of significant areas of land for external dumps and sludge collector for the entire period of existence of the enterprise. In addition, large sections will be required to form sections for production waste (sludge). associated with the dumping of longitudinal jumpers. This increases the cost of dumping.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of dumping and to reduce the area of land to be disposed of to accommodate external dumps and sludge storages.

The goal is achieved in that during the mining of the last stage of the quarry on the border between it and the spent lines of the quarry, across across the strike, the mineral deposits form a pioneer dam, the dump is dumped, and the sludge storage is formed in the specified spent mine quarry, while the dump is dumped along the pioneer dump dams to a height not exceeding the height of the dam with the blade of the blade moving in the direction opposite to the movement of the mining front of the last stage of the quarry, and the formation of sludge storage towards the front of the dumping bed dump, moreover, a settling pond is formed along the specified front, and water intake structures are constructed in the ledge array on the design contour of the interface between the slope of the dump and the side of the quarry

wells for clarified sludge storage water, a pioneer dam and a dump are heightened with the possibility of placing sludges and rocks in the worked out space of the last turn from it

mining, in this case, as the front of mining operations moves in the indicated turn of the quarry, the pioneer dam is systematically increased in height and water wells are moved higher, and the worked out

its space is filled with solid empty rocks in one rus from the surface or upper ledges of the quarry to its entire depth in the direction from the pioneer dam to the working board along the strike

deposits.

The purpose is also ensured by the fact that to regulate the intensity of the flow of clarified water, a water well is formed in the ledge array in the form of a recess,

which is blocked from the side of the worked-out space by a continuous vertical wall with through holes and covered with adjusting ice. In addition, if there is a freshwater aquifer outlet section in the quarry, a water intake pit is formed on the board or the bottom of the pit up to a level above the dump surface, which is isolated along its perimeter, while the formation of a water intake pit for fresh water is carried out by coating its bottom with gravel at full capacity aquifer, and lateral slopes are sprinkled from rock overburden and strengthen them

waterproof screen.

The way to refine the quarries in the development of steeply falling deposits of mineral deposits through the use of part of the worked-out career space in comparison with the known ones reduces the cost of transport, dump and reclamation works, and reduces damage from disturbance of land suitable for

agricultural and other national, economic use. When using the invention in a flux limestone quarry with a productivity of 4,500-5,000 thousand tons / year, the expected annual economic effect is 360 thousand rubles.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the development of mining and dumping in a quarry after completion of the construction of a pioneer dam; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the development of dump and mining operations in both parts of the quarry space; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of the development of dump operations in the quarry mined out space after its completion; in FIG. 4 is a section AA in FIG. 3, along the open pit along strike; in FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. 3, along the axis of the illumination well. sludge water.

Technologists refine the career as follows. The mine was mined by a quarry in several stages. The first stages of opencast mine 1 are mined with the removal of overburden to external dumps, the generated sludge is stored in external sludge storages. At the last stage of opencast mine 2, mining operations are developing in the direction of the strike of the deposit. After working off part of the quarry of the last stage 2 to the final boundary to the bottom contour 3 and moving the mining front 4 along the strike for a distance, which makes it possible to place the remaining overburden and generated sludge remaining in the excavated space, block the pioneer dam 5 across the quarry boundary stretch the deposits. Thus, open pit 2 by dam 5 is divided into two halves: in the worked out 6, the waste material is stored in internal dump 7 and a sludge repository is formed here8; mining is being carried out in the fourth half of the quarry being finalized, overburden rocks are delivered to dump 7 using the system of sliding ramps 9, and mineral resources are delivered to the DOF. The dumping front of the internal dump 7 moves along the pioneer dam 5, and the dumping bed is moved from the pioneer dam 5 to the open side 10 of the open pit or in the direction opposite to the advance of the mining front of the subsequent turn of open pit 2.

The height of the dump bed corresponds to the height of the dam, which is determined from the possibility of overburden and sludge being mined and generated during the quarry 2 refining in the enclosed space. Moreover, the distance of delivery of overburden from the mined part 4 of the quarry to internal dumps 7 will be the smallest , and the cost of dumping is minimal. At the boundary of the project circuit 11, the slopes of the internal dumps 7 and the side of the quarry in the ledge array are constructed with a water intake well 12. A settling pond 13 of the sludge storage tank 8 is formed along the front of the dumping dump 7. Pulp is discharged from the nozzles

5 14 laid on the horizon, which is the upper boundary of the open pit of the last stage 2, on the non-working side 10. Sludges are deposited along side 10 and on the bottom of open pit 3, along the contour 11 of dumps 7 in the upper

0 layers of settling pond 13 accumulate clarified water, which is used for recycling water supply for processing and mineral processing.

5 After the completion of mining and mining works in the half under development 4, the open pit of the last stage 2 (Fig. 2) into it from the outside (from other open pits or external dumps), the waste material works at ramps 15 at

0 dam building 16. On the opposite side 17 of opencast mine 1 from other quarries or external dumps, solid empty rocks are brought. They are poured into the developed space 4 quarry 2 in one go

5 18c surface or upper ledges. The formation of high dump 18 is carried out according to well-known technologies (see A. Yu. Drizhenko. Land restoration during mining. - M .: Nedra. - 1985. - p.

0 176 - 191). On the side of the pitted space 6, the restriction for the blade 18 is the back slope of the dam 16. As the space 6 is filled with sludge, the exhaust pipes 14 and the intake wells

5 12 for clarified water are transported higher, respectively, on board 10 and 19. After completely blocking the mined-out space 4, the quarry is light brown of the blade 18 along the dam 16 (Fig. 3) dumping and building

0 dams stop.

To carry out gas transportation communication between the sludge storage 8 and the earth's surface, the exits 15 are made in such a way that they do not spill over with dump 18.

In the 5th section of the exit of the freshwater aquifer 20 onto the quarry or its bottom (Fig. 4), a water intake pit 21 is formed to accumulate fresh water, which is used to irrigate the rehabilitated surface of the blade 18 and adjacent territories. The formation of the water intake pit 21 is carried out as follows. Hard rocks 18 are poured to the soil level of the aquifer 20. Further

5 along the perimeter of the bottom of the pit 22, the entire thickness of the aquifer 20 is covered with gravel, and the side slopes 23 are covered with rock overburden and strengthened with a waterproof screen (for example, a polymer film is laid

or cement slurry is injected into the slope array).

The intake well 12 for the clarified water of the sludge store 8 (Fig. 5) is arranged in the recess 24 of the ledge array 25. The dimensions of the recess should ensure that the required volume of pumped clarified water is placed in the well, which is determined in the specific case by the conditions of use of water in the production (for example performance of pumping units and the necessary reserve reservoir reservoir). On the side of the quarry or pond settling pit 13, the recess 24 of the well is closed by a continuous waterproof wall 26. The wall 26 contains several through holes 27 located at different levels and along the entire length of the wall, the through holes 27 are overlapped by adjusting layers 28. When the level of the clarified layer the water 29 rises, the ice 28 closes the lower holes 27, and the upper holes open at the level of layer 29. When the level goes down, the upper holes are closed and the lower ones open. This ensures a constant flow of clarified water into the intake well. The pumping units 20 are mounted on a floating pontoon 31, which is located in the well. Therefore, the operation of the plants 30 is independent of fluctuations in the level of the clarified water layer 29 in the settling pond 13.

After backfilling of the quarry 4 with overburden, the surface of the dumps 18 is leveled and reclaimed for use in agricultural or forestry production. The other half of the open pit b, after filling with sludge, can be used as a storage pond for industrial water, and with favorable chemical water. sludge composition - for fish farming.

Distinctive features from the prototype are the features of the quarry refinement technology, which make it possible to form internal dumps and sludge dumps (hydraulic dumps) in one part of the worked out space, and to develop the other part of the quarry floor using well-known technology. These symptoms are as follows:

A pioneer dam is formed during the mining of the last stage of the quarry on the border between it and the spent quarry lines across the strike of the mineral deposit, the dump is dumped, and the sludge dump is formed in the specified spent quarry quarry, while the dump is dumped with openings along the pioneer

dams to a height not exceeding the height of the dam with the movement of the blade bed in the opposite direction to the movement of the mining front of the last stage of the quarry.

Sludge ponds are formed towards the front of the dumping bed dump, a pond settler is formed along the specified front, and on the design contour of the slope and pit slope in the ledge array, water wells are constructed for clarified sludge pit water, and the pioneer dam and dump are heightened with height possibility of placement in

5 the developed space of the last line of sludge and rocks from its mining, and as the front of mining operations moves forward, in the specified line the quarry systematically increases the height of the pioneer dam and

The water wells are transported above, the worked-out space is filled with solid empty rocks in one rus from the surface or upper ledges of the quarry to its entire depth in the direction from the pioneer dam to the working board along the strike.

The water intake well is formed in the ledge massif in the form of a recess, which is blocked from the side of the depleted space by a continuous vertical wall with through holes and closed with regulation water, and if there is a freshwater aquifer outlet on the board or the bottom of the quarry in the quarry level above the surface of the dump form a water intake pit, which is isolated along its perimeter, while the bottom of the pit is covered with gravel for the entire thickness of the aquifer, and side slopes are dumped from the ska overburden and reinforce them with a waterproof screen.

The invention is illustrated by the following example. The Kadykovsky well-known 5th open pit of the Balaklava ore management, which is developing a steeply falling column-like deposit, is under development. At present, the eastern part of the quarry is being mined at the design depth of 115 m, after which they begin to finalize its western part. In the last year of mining the quarry line in the eastern part, it is planned to form a pioneer dam with a height of EO m and a base width of up to 250 m at the boundary between it and the last stage (western part) of the quarry. The dam is formed from loose clay rocks and rocky limestone, delivered from the open pit of the last mining line, the neighboring Psilerakh insulating pit, and external dumps. Initially, a pioneer dam with a height of 30 m was dumped at the time of completion of mining in the eastern part of the quarry. After that, they go on to work out the quarry of the last turn in the western part of the quarry floor, where the sides will move 150-200 m. Overburden rocks are transported by BelAZ-548 dump trucks to the dam and dumped into the dump by sunset along the pioneer dam to a height of 30 m with the movement of the blade dump towards the eastern end of the quarry. A sludge dump is formed in the eastern part of the mined space, for which sludge is discharged from the eastern side towards the front of the dumping bed dump. A settling pond 200 x 250 m in size is formed along the dump front, and a water well with a depth of 5 m and a cross section of 8 m2 is being constructed on the design contour to mate the slope of the dump and the northeastern side in the rock mass of the ledge.

The well is constructed by drilling and blasting, during the mining of the quarry in the eastern part, at an altitude of 28 m from its bottom. The recess of the water well on the slope side of the ledge is blocked by a continuous vertical wooden wall measuring 3.5 x 6 m. Three through holes 1.5 x 1 m are installed in the wall along its height, located 0.5 m apart from each other along the vertical axis of the wall . The openings on the outside are overlapped by metal ladders representing movable slabs. Movable plates 1.7 x 1.2 m in size can be driven by vertical rods, the upper end of which is equipped with M24 threads. 300 mm diameter helical wheels are screwed onto the threaded end of the cable, having nuts with a thread of the indicated dimensions in the center. When the steering wheel is rotated, the vertical link translates and the movable plate moves in the grooves opening or closing the through hole in the wall of the intake well. As the dam builds up, the water well moves higher: 58 m and 88 m from the design level of the pit bottom to the upper level of the well site. The worked out space of the western part of the quarry is filled with overburden rock from one level of the earth's surface to a height of 185-200 m. Initially, dump Rus is poured along the pioneer dam from the lower side to the north, and then towards the working western side of the quarry.

Claims (4)

Here, in the southwestern end, a water intake pit is formed at the +15 m horizon level, where there are aquifer outlets. The foundation pit has dimensions of 50 x 50 m along the bottom; along the perimeter, its surface is rebuilt at an angle of repose of 38-40 °. Along the perimeter, the slopes of the pit are covered with rock, then they are covered with a layer of argillite-like waterproof clays with a thickness of 2.5-3 m, and at the contact with water they are loaded with large pieces of limestone (size 06-1.2 m). The bottom of the water intake pit is covered with gravel gravel fractions of 40 - 80 mm to a height of 3 m, which corresponds to the thickness of the aquifer. After filling up the western part of the quarry with hard rocks to the level of the earth's surface, a pit is formed on it with dimensions on top of 390 x 390, which occupies 1/9 of the quarry floor. Fresh water is intended to be used for fish farming and irrigation of nearby agricultural land, as well as personal vegetable garden gardens. Formula 1, A method for finalizing quarries when developing: steeply dipping deposits of mineral deposits, including mining horizons to the final depth of the quarry in turns, dumping dumps with russes, forming a pioneer dam and sludge storage and water wells, characterized in that, in order to reduce costs for dumping and reduction of the area of land to be disposed of to accommodate external dumps and sludges, a pioneer dam is formed during the mining of the last stage of the quarry at the border between th and spent mine bursts across the quarry, stretch the mineral deposits, dump the dump, and form the sludge pond in the specified spent mine burst, while dump the dump by filling along the pioneer dam to a height not exceeding the height of the dam with the dumping bed moving in the opposite direction to the mining front moving the last stage of the quarry, and the formation of a sludge storehouse leads towards the front of dumping of the dump dump, moreover, along the specified front, a settling pond is formed, and on the project Dump slope and pit side slope surveys in the ledge massif are constructed with water wells for clarified sludge storage water, and the pioneer dam and dump are heightened to fit in the worked out space the last line of sludge and rocks from its development, while, as the front of mining operations moves in the specified line, the quarry systematically increases the pioneer dam in height and moves the intake wells above it, and the worked out space is filled with solid empty rocks with one rus from the surface or upper ledges a quarry to its entire depth in the direction from the pioneer dam to the working board along the strike of the deposit, 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that, in order to control the intensity of the flow of clarified water, the water intake well is formed in the ledge array in the form of a recess, which is blocked from the side of the worked out space 0 5 continuous vertical wall, with through. holes, and cover them with adjusting ice. 3. A pop-up method, 1, characterized in that in the presence of a freshwater aquifer outlet section in the quarry on board or at the bottom of the quarry to a level above the surface of the dump, a water intake pit is formed that is isolated along its perimeter. 4. The method according to PP. 1-3, characterized in that when forming a water intake pit for fresh water, its bottom is covered with gravel for the entire thickness of the aquifer, and side slopes are sprinkled from overburden rock and strengthened with a waterproof screen. Bb fi 5.