RU1774939C - Method of obtaining organomineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural biotechnology. The goal is to increase the composting intensity and fertilizer value of the product. By adding finely dispersed zeolite tuff fraction (1-3 mm) of zeolite tuff to compost from wood sawdust and canyang, the compost structure and its aeration are improved and the composting speed is increased. Thanks to a wide range of ash elements, the nutritional value of compost is improved. The components are taken in the following ratios, parts by weight: wood sawdust 100, canyang 25-35, zeolite tuff 10-25. 4 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural biotechnology and can be used to increase the fertility of protected soil.

Known methods for producing organic-mineral fertilizer using zeolite, in which potassium-protected zeolite are mixed with fresh pork manure and heated at 100-105 ° C. But at the same time, zeolite requires preliminary chemical treatment, and it is used in a large volume (80-120% of the composition of the mixture). A disadvantage of this method is also its technical complexity, which requires large amounts of energy.

A known method of producing organic fertilizer, comprising mixing plant residues (straw) with a biological additive, which uses the contents of the ruminants of the ruminants (canyung), which are added to plant residues in the ratio (in

May. hours) (20-30): 50. The mixture is then moistened and composted under aerobic conditions. The resulting substrate is intended to be subsequently sown into the soil as a fertilizer, where it decomposes within about 6 months.

The method speeds up the process of decomposition of plant residues during composting, but it is not efficient enough in producing biomass of microorganisms performing a fertilizing function when the substrate is introduced into the soil.

Thus, it is an object of the invention to increase the composting rate and fertilizer value of the final product.

The goal is achieved in that when obtaining organic fertilizer based on plant residues in the form of sawdust and canynga by mixing the components, moistening, mix the aftertaste (L

WITH

Xi

2

Oh GO Yu

When composting it, it is suggested that when mixing the components, zeolite tuff is introduced into the mixture in a finely divided fraction of 1-3 mm with a ratio of components, parts by weight:

Sawdust100

Cana ha25 - 35

Zeolite tuff10-25

and composting for 2 to 3 months.

The intensity of exposure to biological substrates used as fertilizers is characterized by the number of microorganisms involved in the conversion of nitrogen compounds: bacteria that metabolize organic nitrogen (growing on MPA). and nitrogen fixers (growing on Ashby's medium). It was experimentally established that the introduction of finely dispersed zeolite tuff into the mixture of wood sawdust with canyne activates the development of physiological groups of microorganisms. The most sensitive to this application were aerobic nitrogen fixatives. Tests have shown that, as a result, nitrogen-fixing activity and respiration (release of COa) of the substrate are increased, respectively, the biomass of microorganisms is increased. Each bacterial cell in a microorganism is known to contain oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. These elements account for up to 86% of the cell mass. In addition to the four listed elements, Ca, P, K, Fe, Na, Mg, and others are certainly present in the cell. Together, they make up 1.9-3.0% of the cell mass. The remaining elements, and about 60 of them were found, make up hundredths of percent in the cells of living organisms.

In the substrate obtained by the proposed method, kanyaga serves as a source of biogenic elements for microorganisms, which is enriched both in carbon (due to the plant mass of the feed) and nitrogen (due to the protistomicrobial protein mineralized in the pancreas). The amount of canyang was determined experimentally for the indicated mass ratio of the components of the mixture: when less than 25 parts of canyon are added, the process of microorganism development is not intensive enough, and making more than 35 parts does not significantly increase the intensity of the process and is not economically feasible.

The zeolite tuff used in this process has a dual role. Firstly, it serves as a source of mineral nutrition for microorganisms, as it contains ash. Sa P, K, Na. Fe, Mg, Cu,

Zn, Co and others, i.e. those elements necessary for the formation of a bacterial cell. Secondly, it is an immobilizer of microbial cells and serves to

prolonged biomass buildup, adsorbed on zeolite particles and consumed canyang nutrients, microorganisms secrete a variety of enzymes that dramatically accelerate chemical

0 reactions, as well as all kinds of metabolic products, which in turn cause deep transformations of organic and mineral substances, accelerate the decomposition of plant residues.

5 Zeolite tuff is applied in finely divided fraction: 1-3 mm. For the proposed method, the finer the fraction, the better. Obtaining fractions smaller than 1 mm requires a lot of mechanical labor, and fractions greater than 3 mm decompose for a longer time than is required to obtain a high-quality substrate. The amount of zeolite tuff was calculated experimentally. When applied less than 10 hours

5, the process of increasing the biomass of microorganisms is not intensive enough, and when more than 25 hours are added, the excess zeolite does not decompose for a long time and slows down the process.

0 The resulting mixture is kept under aerobic conditions for 2-3 months. Standing for less than 2 months is not enough for microbiological degradation, and after 3 months the substrate is almost ready, a decrease in microbiological activity is observed5.

The method is carried out as follows.

Sawdust is mixed with the contents of ruminant pre-stomachs (canyng) and with finely divided zeolite tuff in the ratio (in parts by weight) of 100: (25-35) :( 10-25), respectively. The canany can be introduced both in the natural state of 5 and in the dried state in the form of cane flour. As a zeolite tuff, zeolite tuff - pegasin of a fraction of 1-3 mm, having the following chemical composition: ash 89.4, calcium can be used

0 3.1, phosphorus 0.1, potassium 3.4 g / kg, sodium 0.5 g / kg, iron 22.9 g / kg, manganese 497 mg / kg, copper 21.1 mg / kg, zinc 204 mg / kg cobalt 31 mg / kg.

The resulting mixture is moistened with water from

5 calculation for 1 ton of biomass of 5-7.5 tons of water, after which it is kept under regular wetting with water to a maximum field humidity of 60% for 2-3 months at summer temperature (15 - 28 ° С) of air. The resulting substrate is used for

greenhouse soil fertilizers or as finished greenhouse soil;

Agrochemical analysis of the substrate (see Table 1) showed, in the zeolite variant, an increase in the easily hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen and a decrease in the acidity of the substrate from pH 5.8 to pH 6.5.

Example 1, Wood sawdust weighing 5 tons is mixed with 1.8 tons of canyang and 0.5 tons of zeolite tuff, shaped as a collar, moistened with 40 m of water, which is well absorbed into the biomass with free access to air, and maintained at a given humidity of 3 months at an air temperature of 15 - 28 ° C. After 3 months, the substrate is ready for application as greenhouse soil.

Variants of the ratios of the components of the mixture and data on their microbiological activity and agrochemical properties are given in table. 1.

Example 2. The mixture prepared according to the method described in example 1, incubated 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 5 months The results are shown in table. 2.

The data table. 2 show that the aging of the mixture should be carried out 2-3 months. Standing for less than 2 months is not sufficient for microbiological decomposition, and more than 3 months is impractical, since this reduces the content of readily hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen, decreases nitrogen-fixing activity and the release of CO2. those. there is a decrease in microbiological activity. And after 4 months, anaerobic processes begin.

The main advantage of the proposed method is the possibility of -fast (within 2-3 months) cleavage of plant residues (sawdust) by the ground method (versus 6 months when plowed into the soil according to the prototype).

The resulting organomineral substrate contains a high concentration of microbial biomass and is characterized by high humus content. After 2-3 months of maturation, this substrate can immediately

be used as greenhouse soil or transported packaged as an organomineral fertilizer.

One of the advantages of the method is the use of cheap and affordable additives that allow the disposal of waste from milling plants and the production of environmentally friendly fertilizer.

twenty

Claims (1)

The claims A method for producing organic fertilizer based on sawdust and canyng, comprising mixing the components, moistening the mixture and then composting it under aerobic conditions, characterized in that, in order to increase the composting rate and the fertilizing value of the final product, when mixing the components, an additional zeolite tuff is introduced in the finely dispersed fraction - 1-3 mm, with a ratio of components we mix, parts by weight; Sawdust100 Kanyga25-35 Said zeolite tuff is 10-25 and composting is carried out for two to three months. Table 1 Control Wet Sawdust Suggested examples: Substrate content (sawdust mixed with 103 5,0 2.0 Sawdust, kanyang deolithic tuff 85 Table3 Table 3.2 2.23 0.57