KR100200031B1 - Waste processing apparatus and method - Google Patents

Abstract

1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a compost fermentation agent using food waste, a method for producing the same, and a method for composting livestock wastewater using the same.

2. The technical problem to be solved by the invention

The present invention can be collected in the natural state in the process of composting using food waste and by using a mixed (Peat) as a bulking agent in a state in which a large amount of organic biodegradable microorganisms are pre-cultured as sawdust or bulking agent conventionally In addition to solving the supply and demand difficulties when using rice husks, there is no need to add expensive organic biodegradable microorganisms during fermentation of food waste, and by using calcium compounds as desalination agents in fermentation of food waste. If you want to use the fermentation by mixing with livestock waste water by removing sodium chloride in food waste in advance, food waste that can prevent plant root growth and soil quality deterioration by calcium dissolving from soil. Composting fermentation agent using the same and its manufacturing method and using the same To provide a method of composting waste water birth has its purpose.

3. Summary of Solution to Invention

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a food waste-pit mixture by mixing 70 to 80 parts by weight of food waste crushed into 4 to 8 mesh and 20 to 30 parts by weight of pit ground to 7 to 9 mesh. In addition, the calcium compound of calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate 3 to 5 parts by weight is added to the mixture, and then supplied with air in an aerobic fermentation tank while providing anaerobic fermentation for 20 to 30 days to provide a method for producing a fermentation fermentation agent using food waste do.

4. Important uses of the invention

The present invention is used for the treatment of food waste and composting of livestock wastewater using the same.

Description

Compost fermentation agent using food waste, manufacturing method thereof and composting method of livestock wastewater using the same

The present invention relates to a compost fermentation agent using food waste, a manufacturing method thereof, and a method for composting livestock wastewater using the same, and more specifically, by treating the food waste with a mixture of pits and calcium compounds, and finally, Compost fermentation agent using food waste that can be easily composted using bulking agent (Bulking Agent) and fermentation enzyme when mixed with livestock wastewater by reducing salt concentration and improving fermentation efficiency of processed food waste It relates to a manufacturing method and a method for composting livestock wastewater using the same.

In recent years, as the national economy develops rapidly, the eating habits are being advanced, and the food service industry is also developing greatly. As a result, the amount of food waste discharged annually is also increasing exponentially, but it is not easy to secure landfills necessary for its disposal, and it is difficult to expand existing treatment facilities, so most food waste is left as it is, causing bad smell. In case of landfilling, such as general garbage, large amount of leachate is generated, causing serious social problems such as various environmental pollution.

As a method of treating such food waste, it has been conventionally relying on landfilling about 99% of discharged food waste, but it is becoming increasingly difficult to secure landfill sites due to rising land prices and severe opposition from residents near landfills. In the past, briquettes accounted for a large portion of the garbage brought to landfills, so leachate flowing from food waste was absorbed into the briquettes in a large part, which made it possible to remove leachate naturally. It was reduced, making it difficult to expect the above removal effect.

In view of the problems in the landfill treatment method described above, a method of directly using food waste as a feed for livestock is used, but this method is seasonally spring, summer and autumn due to the property that food waste easily decomposes at room temperature. As it is not applicable to the winter season, it can only be used for a limited time only in winter, and due to the nature of food waste, it is difficult to exist constantly in a state that contains a constant amount of nutritional ingredients such as fat, protein, fiber, etc. Since it can only be used on a small scale, there are many problems in terms of effectiveness.

In addition to the above method, a method of composting and recycling food waste is used, and as a related art, a bulking agent is used to remove moisture from food waste and crush it to an appropriate particle size, and then control the moisture to control moisture. ) Is mixed with sawdust, wood chips, rice husks, and then composted through aerobic fermentation process and anaerobic fermentation process. The method is used.

However, in the above method, sawdust, wood chips, chaff, etc., mixed as bulking agents for controlling moisture, are difficult to secure enough to cover the total amount of food waste generated in Korea, and thus act as a major factor in increasing the processing cost. By mixing bulking agents that lack bacteria and yeasts necessary for organic fermentation and decomposition with food waste, the growth of organic biodegradable microorganisms cannot be activated and immature fermentation. Adding a fermentation for a certain period of time there is a further need for the problem.

In addition, because of the nature of the Korean food culture, food wastes emitted from general households or food establishments contain excessive amounts of salt. Therefore, such high salt concentrations of food wastes do not undergo a separate salt removal process. When composting by mixing, the microorganisms involved in the decomposition and fermentation of organic matter is not only difficult to obtain the desired fermentation effect because the growth of the microorganisms are greatly inhibited by high concentrations of salts, and these high concentrations of salts eventually There is a problem in that it affects the root growth to inhibit the growth of plants.

In particular, the sodium chloride contained in the food waste reacts with calcium compounds in the soil to form calcium chloride having a very high water solubility, and then is leached from the soil. Thus, the soil has a problem in that the soil is deteriorated by removing the calcium component.

The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, it is possible to collect in the natural state during the fermentation process of food waste bulking agent (Peat) in which a large amount of organic semi-prepared microorganisms are present in the culture state and By using a mixture as a fermentation enzyme, it is possible to solve the difficulties in supply and demand when using sawdust or rice husk as a bulking agent, and it is not necessary to add expensive organic decomposition microorganisms separately during fermentation of food waste. By removing calcium chloride in food waste using calcium compounds as a desalination agent during the fermentation of garbage, it is possible to prevent the plant growth from being inhibited by high concentrations of salt when used as compost by fermenting it alone or mixed with livestock waste water. Not only can we use calcium from soil By being it is an object to provide a composting balhyoje and its manufacturing method using the food waste can be prevented, the quality of soil degradation.

Another object of the present invention by using the compost fermentation agent prepared by the above method is mixed with livestock wastewater, etc., complete fermentation in a short period of time and has a low salt concentration composting of livestock wastewater does not affect the plant growth at all In providing a method.

1 is a graph of temperature change in fermenter by fermentation period.

The present invention for achieving the above object is to produce a food waste-pit mixture by mixing 70 to 80 parts by weight and 20 to 30 parts by weight of food waste pulverized to a particle size of 4 to 8 mesh, here, calcium sulfate or 3 to 5 parts by weight of the calcium compound of calcium carbonate was added and mixed, followed by aerobic fermentation for 20 to 30 days while supplying air from the aerobic fermentation tank, and then for 10 to 20 days in a storage tank where external air was blocked. It provides a compost fermentation agent using a food waste prepared by anaerobic fermentation method and a method for producing the same.

In addition, the present invention by mixing the fermentation fermentation agent and the livestock waste water produced by the above method in a weight ratio of 1: 2.5 to 3.5 and fermentation for 25 to 35 days and then a portion of it mixed with the pit (Peat) as a bulking agent Provides a method for composting livestock wastewater using the method of reuse again.

Peat, which is mixed with food waste in the present invention and serves as a moisture control agent and a microbial culture, is also called peat or peat, and moss and flower plants are wetland. It is a coal that has been decomposed and changed in the form of dark brown, and is present in dark brown, watery sponges, fibrous or lumpy forms.

The pit can be collected in a large amount in the natural state, such as in the mountain (mountain or descent), and they can be used as a microbial culture in the natural state by the presence of aerobic or anaerobic organic decomposition microorganisms in accordance with the region collected It is. In other words, aerobic degrading microorganisms such as Nitrosomonas and Aeroobactor inhabit the pit collected from the mountain, and Flavobacterium and Escherichia pit in the lower part. Anaerobic degrading microorganisms such as Escherichia are mainly inhabited, so when these pits are mixed and used as bulking agents, they also have a function as a microbial culture.

As described above, the pit can be mixed with food waste in the dried and atomized state as much as possible to increase the contact area with the food waste, thereby improving moisture control efficiency and microbial enrichment efficiency. / w) or less and the average particle size is preferably 7 to 9 mesh.

In order to increase the mixing efficiency of the food waste with pit, it is preferable to crush it as much as possible. However, since food waste mostly contains excess moisture, the food waste is completely weakened when excessively atomized so that the mixing ratio of the pit used as a moisture control agent. There is a problem that must be greatly increased, and the workability in the treatment process is also sharply lowered, so the particle size is preferably 4 to 8 mesh.

In this way, when mixing food waste and pit ground to an appropriate particle size, it is important to determine the mixing ratio that can obtain the most desirable moisture control efficiency and organic biodegradation microbial growth efficiency within the range of minimizing the mixing amount of the pit. If the mixing ratio of the pit to 70 to 80 parts by weight is 20 parts by weight or less, it is not possible to obtain the desirable water control efficiency and microbial growth efficiency as described above, and when it is 30 parts by weight or more, the treatment cost is excessive due to the excessive use of the pit. There is a problem it takes.

The food waste-pit mixture prepared by the above method is mixed with calcium compounds such as calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate, and these calcium compounds react with sodium chloride components present in the food waste and are soluble in sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate. Since most of it is converted to calcium chloride, desalination from food waste can be achieved, and in order to obtain sufficient desalination effect, the mixing ratio of calcium compound is preferably 3 parts by weight or more, and it is not necessary to mix excessively more than 5 parts by weight. .

The mixture of food waste-pit and calcium compound prepared at the above ratio is subjected to aerobic fermentation process and anaerobic fermentation process several times. In the aerobic fermentation process, an air supply device supplies a sufficient amount of air necessary for the growth of aerobic microorganisms. By aerobic organic biodegradation microorganisms growing in the pit, organic matters such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins contained in food waste are carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), water (H ₂ O), nitrate ions (NO ₃ ), etc. Decompose to

At this time, the amount of air supplied in the aerobic fermentation process is preferably supplied in the range of 5 to 15% (v / v) of the food waste-pit and calcium compound mixture prepared above.

Subsequently, the first food waste-pit mixture fermented by the aerobic fermentation process is subjected to an anaerobic fermentation process in a storage tank in which external air is blocked from being introduced. The substance is decomposed into compounds such as CH ₄ , NH ₃ , and PH ₃ , and the mixture of food waste-pit and calcium compounds is fermented with a large amount of anaerobic microorganisms.

According to the method described above, the mixture of food waste-pit and calcium compound is prepared as a compost fermentation agent with desalination and microorganisms in which a large amount of microorganisms are enriched, which is present in the state of livestock wastewater with a salt concentration of 0.6% or less. When fermented by mixing at a weight ratio of 2.5 to 3.5 (more preferably, the mixing ratio of the prepared composting agent and the livestock wastewater is 1: 3 weight ratio), it is fermented and composted in a short period of about one month, so that it can be used as a fertilizer in farms. In addition, the compost thus prepared can be mixed with the food waste and used again as a pit used as a bulking agent.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, Comparative Examples, and Experimental Examples.

Example 1

세로

높이가 601900

16cm이며 내부에 공기공급장치가 구비된 호기성발효조에 넣고 공기공급장치를 가동시키면서 30일동안 호기성발효시켰다.Collected from general restaurants, remove vinyl, metal, or other foreign materials, and then use agitation blade to collect 750kg of food waste with average particle size of about 7mesh, and from mountainous areas of Hadong, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Sokcho, Gangwon-do. 250 kg of crushed pit powder and 50 kg of calcium sulfate powder were added and mixed evenly.

Vertical

Height 60 1900

It was placed in an aerobic fermentation tank equipped with an air supply device and 16 cm in size, and aerobic fermentation was performed for 30 days while operating the air supply device.

Subsequently, the food waste-pit mixture after the completion of the aerobic fermentation was placed in an anaerobic storage tank of the same size as the aerobic fermentation tank and anaerobic fermentation for 20 days to prepare a compost fermentation agent.

Example 2

50 kg of compost fermentation agent prepared in Example 1 was mixed evenly 150kg and placed in the fermentation tank and inverted once a day in a well-ventilated place and fermented for 35 days to prepare the compost.

Example 3

In the same manner as in Example 1, 250 kg of a mixture of the pit (Peat) and the compost prepared in Example 2 was mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 1 as a bulking agent.

Comparative Example 1

In the same manner as in Example 1, 250kg of wood powder was mixed instead of pit, and the addition of calcium sulfate powder was omitted.

Comparative Example 2

50 kg of compost fermentation agent prepared from Comparative Example 1 was mixed evenly 150kg and placed in the fermentation tank and inverted once a day in a well-ventilated place and fermented for 35 days to prepare the compost.

Experimental Example 1

As a result of measuring the salinity of the compost fermenter prepared from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the salt concentration of Comparative Example q was measured to be about 2.7% (w / w) while in Example 1 0.5% (w / w), in the case of Comparative Example 1 it can be seen that the salinity of about 5 times or more than in the case of Example 1 according to the present invention, the effect of the salt of the concentration measured in this way on the root growth of the plant To determine the root growth (Root Elongation) while culturing for 15 days, 30 days, 45 days after planting the cabbage seeds and lettuce lettuce to make a medium with compost prepared from Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 to find out One is shown in Table 1.

As can be seen from the results of Table 1, in the case of cabbage cultured in Example 2 prepared by the present invention, the root growth after 15 days is 60.7mm, showing a significant difference from 29.6mm of Comparative Example 2 Even after 45 days, Example 2 was found to be 85.0 mm, whereas Comparative Example 2 was found to be 36.6 mm, and in Example 2, root growth was more than twice that of Comparative Example 2.

In addition, the root growth value after incubation for 15 days in Example 2, 22.7mm and 13.7mm in Comparative Example 2 showed a relatively slight difference, but after 30 days 63.2 in Example 2 As mm, root growth was more than four times higher than 15.9 mm of Comparative Example 2. Root growth after 45 days also showed that Example 2 maintained a remarkable advantage over Comparative Example 2.

This phenomenon means that in Comparative Example 2, unlike Example 2, the damage caused by salt and immature fermentation is very serious, and the root growth disorders of various forms such as root formation of the root muscle, malformation of the roots, and growth disorders. This is to prove that it is appearing.

Experimental Example 2

The temperature change in the fermenter during the 35 days of fermentation was measured from Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, and the results are shown in FIG.

1

로 유지되어 전체 기간중 가장 활발한 발효가 이루어짐을 알 수 있었고, 약 17일 이후부터는 발효조내의 온도가 매우 완만하게 하강함으로서 전체적으로 매우 안정된 양태의 발효가 진행된 것으로 나타났다.1, the horizontal axis represents the fermentation period and the vertical axis represents the temperature in the fermentation tank according to the fermentation period. In Example 2 of the present invention, the temperature in the fermentation tank is rapidly increased as about 2 days after the start of the fermentation. Began to progress rapidly, and the temperature in the fermenter reached about 66 from about 11 days to about 16 days.

One

It can be seen that the most active fermentation is achieved during the entire period, and after about 17 days, the temperature in the fermenter drops very slowly, indicating that the fermentation of a very stable aspect has proceeded overall.

까지 급상승하다가 약 15일 경과한 후에는 약 58

가지 하락하였으며, 약 21일이 경과한 후에는 약 64

까지 완만히 상승하다가 급작스럽게 온도가 상승하여 약 23일이 경과한 후에는 73

로 높아졌고, 약 29일이 경과한 후에는 다시 약 53

로 하락하였으며 다시 온도가 급상승하여 2일 후인 약 30일 경과 후에는 약 73

까지 매우 큰 폭으로 상승하였고 35일이 경과하자 발효조내의 온도가 60

까지 하락하는 등 전체 기간중의 발효온도의 편차가 현저하게 크게 나타남으로서 전체적으로 매우 불안정한 양태의 발효가 진행된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 35일이 경과한 후에도 이와같이 기복적인 온도차를 나타내는 발효가 더욱 진행될 수 있다는 것을 나타내는 것이며, 따라서 불완전 발효로 인하여 장기간에 걸친 발효과정이 추가로 필요함을 알 수 있었다.However, in Comparative Example 2, the temperature in the fermenter was about 63 until about 6 days had elapsed.

Soaring until after about 15 days, about 58

Branches fell, about 64 days later.

After slowly rising until about 23 days, the temperature rises 73

After about 29 days passed, it increased again to about 53

The temperature rose sharply, after about 30 days, about 73 days later,

Increased significantly until 35 days and the temperature in the fermenter reached 60

The variation in fermentation temperature during the whole period was markedly large, such as falling down, indicating that the fermentation was very unstable. These results indicate that even after 35 days, the fermentation exhibiting such a undulating temperature difference can be further progressed, and thus, the fermentation process for a long time is additionally needed due to incomplete fermentation.

In other words, in Example 2 according to the present invention showed a fully fermented state that can be used as a compost immediately in a general farm, in the case of Comparative Example 2 remains unfermented, it can be seen that a long-term home treatment is required This is to demonstrate that the fermentation fermentation agent of Example 1 according to the present invention was active in the decomposition of organic matter by the microorganisms as a large amount of microorganisms were increased.

The present invention provides a novel method of using pit as a bulking agent in the process of composting by using food waste to solve the problems of supply and demand and immature fermentation when using a bulking agent such as sawdust, wood chips, chaff, etc. In addition, it is a useful invention to provide a compost fermentation agent using food waste, a method for producing the same, and a method for composting livestock wastewater using the same, which can greatly improve the salt removal efficiency using calcium compounds.

Claims (3)

70 to 80 parts by weight of food waste ground to 4 to 8 mesh and 20 to 30 parts by weight of pit ground to 7 to 9 mesh are mixed to prepare a food waste-pit mixture, which is made of calcium sulfate or calcium carbonate. 3 to 5 parts by weight of the calcium compound is added and mixed, followed by aerobic fermentation for 20 to 30 days while supplying air from the aerobic fermentation tank, followed by anaerobic fermentation for 10 to 20 days in a storage tank from which external air is blocked. Method of producing a compost fermenter using food waste. Compost fermentation agent using food waste prepared by the method according to claim 1. The compost fermenter and the livestock wastewater prepared by the method according to claim 1 are mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 2.5 to 3.5 and fermented for 25 to 35 days, and then a part thereof is mixed with the pits and used again as a bulking agent. Composting method of livestock waste water, characterized in that.

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