RU1773330C - Stand for functional tests of linear vibrators of fruit-picking machines - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to devices for studying the process of transferring vibration from a linear vibrator to a fruit tree stem. The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of research results and expand the functionality of the stand. The device for simulating the stem is equipped with a fruit tree mass simulator connected through a weight control system with a simulator of the elastic and dissipative properties of the stem. The device for simulating a fruit tree stem contains a platform 14, which is mounted in the guides 5 using the support rollers 15. A horizontal hinge 16 is placed on the platform 14, by means of which a stand holder 17 is mounted, in which the stand 8 is fixed. Equally spaced from the hinge 16 brackets 18 s pivotally s / s 9 6 Vibration MulRion 9 XI x | with CO with about Fig.Z

Description

placed on them by the cones of the power mechanisms of the hydraulic cylinders 19, the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 19 are connected to the ram holder 17 by means of plates 20 and elastic elements 21. A hermetic container with a variable volume connected with a transparent pipeline 26 is installed between the bracket 22 and the ram holder 17. b vertically fixed on the stem 8. On the stem 8, jj: -.

accelerometers 9 are attached. The container and pipeline 26 are filled with a viscous working fluid, the level of which in the pipeline 26 is at the height of the load 27. After setting the specified characteristics of the physical model of the fruit tree, the operator turns on the vibrator drive and performs its functional tests, measures vibration characteristics shake up.

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for studying the process of transferring vibration from a linear vibrator to a fruit tree stem.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of research results and expand the functionality of the stand.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a bench for functional testing of linear vibrators of harvesters, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view; Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a device for simulating a fruit tree stem.

A bench for functional testing of linear vibrators of harvesters contains a universal module 1 for hanging linear vibrators of harvesters mounted on pneumatic wheels 2 in rails 3 along which module 1 can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the device of module 4 for simulation fruit tree stem. The device 4 is installed in guides 5 fixed to the foundation, along which it moves under the influence of a cable-block system, driven by hydraulic cylinders. The drive of the device 4 allows you to move it along the direction of 5 at a constant speed, stop and fix it at any point on the rails 5. The universal module 1 for mounting linear vibrators is driven by a hydraulic cylinder at one end fixed to the rails 5, and the other to the module 1. Module 1 is equipped with a device for changing the height of the vibrator 6. Module 1 is provided with a device 7 for mounting the vibrator 6.

identical to that installed on the harvester. So, for example, if it is necessary to carry out functional tests of a harvester vibrator

MPU-1 A machines, tone module 1 is fixed a vibrator hitch from the MAU-1A machine.

A shtamb 8 is mounted on the device 4, on which the accelerometers 9 are mounted. The accelerometers are connected by cables to the measuring complex 10. Processing of the information coming from the measuring complex is carried out on a computer 11.

Drive all hydraulic devices

it is carried out from a hydroelectric station 12, the control of which is carried out by the operator using the unit 13.

The device 4 for simulating a strain contains a platform 14, which, using

supporting rollers 15 mounted on the rails 5. The rollers 15 are mounted on the platform 14 with the possibility of rotation and are installed symmetrically about its transverse axis so that cover both

, the sides of the platform 14 are guides 5 without clearance. Such a design deprives the platform 14 of any degrees of freedom with respect to the guides 5, except for the possibility of moving along the guides 5. The movement of the platform 14 along the guides is carried out using hydraulic cylinders and a cable-block system. A simulator of the elastic and dissipative properties of the stem is placed on the platform 14 as

a horizontal hinge 16 fixed on it, with which a shtzmoderzhatel 17 is installed on the platform 14, the outer surface of which is made in the form of a rectangular prism, in which

0, a round stand 8 is fixed. The axis of the horizontal hinge 16, as well as the two diametrically located faces of the prism of the stand holder 17, are parallel to the transverse axis of the platform 14 and perpendicular

5 to the direction of vibration generated by the vibrator 6. On both sides of the hinge 16, vertical brackets $ 1 are fixed at equal distance from it, in the upper part of which are the hinges of the power mechanisms of the hydraulic cylinders 19 mounted horizontally along an axis parallel to and above the longitudinal platform 14, and also parallel to the direction of vibration. To the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 19, the pressure plates 20 pivotally mounted parallel to the faces of the prism of the stem holders 17 are pivotally connected. In the spaces formed between two parallel surfaces: the plate 20 and the face of the prism of the holder 17, elastic elements 21 are installed, made in the form rubber plates of the same thickness of a rectangular shape. The number of plates on both sides is the same.

The hydraulic cylinders 19 are driven from one of the pressure lines of the hydraulic station 12. A flow divider is integrated in this pressure line to ensure that the oil flow rate is equal to the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 19. This allows the rods of both cylinders to be moved the same distance, and therefore pressing the elements 21 on both sides with the same force directed along the horizontal axis on which the hydraulic cylinders 19 are mounted. In addition, one of the pressure plates 20 is fixed ronshteyn kont- roll 22 mass position system. A cup 23 is fixed between the free end of the bracket 22, its cavity facing toward the ram holder 17. On the verge of the ram holder prism, a cup 24 is fixed, facing the cavity toward the free end of the bracket 22. The cup 23 is inserted into the cup 24, forming a telescopic pair. The seal between the outer surface of the cup 23 and the inner surface of the cup 24 is carried out using a cap ring 25, hermetically mounted on the outer surface of the cup 24 and provided with seals covering the outer surface of the cup 23. A container with a variable volume is equipped with a fitting connecting the cavity containers with a transparent pipe 26. The pipe 26 is mounted vertically on a stand 8. On the socket 8, accelerometers 9 are attached with a clamp 9 Accelerometers 9 are fixed at the same height as the capture pads that the vibrator / Hi / This allows achieved that the direction of vibration being transmitted to shtamb 8 coincides with

the sensitivity axis of one of the accelerometers 9. The other accelerometer is positioned so that its sensitivity axis is perpendicular to the axis of the first accelerometer and lies in the same horizontal plane as the first.

The container and the pipeline are filled with a viscous working fluid, the level of which in the pipeline is at a height simulated by the mass of the fruit tree-cargo 27 / Ho /, which simulates the mass of the simulated tree.

Depending on the objectives of the experiment, a boom 8 can be replaced, having a different diameter and mass of the load 27,

The main structural parameters of the bench are interconnected by the following relationships;

A 1 -

0)

WITH

G AL2 -I

(2)

I m mi

-1 I Hi

Pi

where Hi is the distance from the axis along which the compressive force acts from the STR of the GENERAL elements to the level of location of the capture of the vibrators;

I am the dimensionless coefficient characterizing the deformation of elastic elements;

A - the course of the free carriage of the force element during compression of the plates;

G is the shear modulus of the elastic element;

A is the area of the elastic element;

C is the stiffness of the elastic element;

P is the cross-sectional area of the pipeline,

RF is the cross-sectional area of the vessel;

m is the reduced mass of the simulated tree;

mi - mass load a.

The stand for functional testing of linear vibrators of harvesters operates as follows

The operator makes a choice of the physicomechanical properties of a particular culture, the fruit tree must be reproduced with a cutter at the stand. To do this, given the value Hi, the operator uses the data stored in the computer memory,

selects the values of the elastic and dissipative characteristics of the stem brought to the place of capture of the vibrator, as well as the reduced mass of the fruit tree, corresponding to the age at which the tree began to bear fruit.

The data stored in the computer memory were obtained by conducting field studies of the physicomechanical characteristics of fruit trees by the method of forced oscillations.

Selecting the mass m, coefficient Kst and Csg, respectively, of the elastic and dissipative properties of the model of the stem, fixing the accelerometers 9 on the stem 8 at a height Hi, the operator sets and secures the load 27 with a mass equal to in at a height Н i (at this stage of the test ) After that, the operator from the control panel 13 turns on the hydraulic cylinders 19, Controls the hydraulic cylinders 19, the operator selects the position of the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 19, in which the elastic and disruptive characteristics Kst and Set defined on the stand will be equal to K and C.

The definition of KST. and CST is also performed by the method of forced oscillations using the measuring complex 1, with data processing on the computer 11. After each rectification of the position of the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 19, the operator performs these measurements. After the final installation of the required system parameters, the operator brings the liquid level in the pipeline 26 to the Hi level. Moreover, if the fluid is less than the required level, then it is refilled, and if more, it is removed through a drain valve (not shown in FIG.) Located in the lower part of the pipeline 26 between the elbow of its bends. Then, when oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinders 19 and their compression, a change in the elastic and dissipative properties of the stem 8 will occur. At the same time, the liquid is forced out of the tank into the pipe 26 and its level in the pipe 26 rises. At the same height, the operator secures the load 27. The mechanical characteristics of the stem 8, obtained using the measuring set 10 and computer 11, obtained in this case correspond to the characteristics of a fruit tree that is in the fruiting stage.

Due to the fact that the main parameters of the stand are interconnected by relations (1-4), the liquid level in the pipeline 26 will always indicate the position of the gygi mass at which the reduced mass of the simulated tree will correspond to those elastic and dissipative characteristics that are implemented on the strain 8 with the help of hydraulic cylinders

19. All these ratios are true for trees from the beginning to the end of fruiting. Thus, an imitation of a fruit tree stem is carried out, in which all mechanical

The characteristics of the physical model of the fruit tree are interconnected and can vary in the same way as in the actual conditions of an industrial garden. All this POZEOLIT to increase the reliability of the results obtained during the functional testing of linear vibrators of harvesters.

After setting the specified characteristics of the physical model of the fruit tree, the operator turns on the vibrator 6 drive, performs functional tests of the vibrator, measures the vibration characteristics of the shaker using accelerometers mounted on both the socket 8 and the vibrator body 6. The signal is recorded using complex 10, data processing on a computer 11.

The vibrator 6 is supplied to the stem 8 by means of a module 1, the movement of which in the vertical direction, as well as along the guides 3, is carried out using hydraulic cylinders.

FORMULA AND ZOBRETIN

Functional test bench for linear vibrators of fruit-growing machines, comprising a device for simulating a fruit tree stem mounted on the base and a gripping mechanism, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of the research results and expand the functional capabilities of the stand, the device for simulating a fruit tree stem is equipped with elastic and related dissipative properties of the stem

through the mass position control system, while the simulator of the elastic and dissipative properties of the stem is made in the form of a stand holder mounted on the platform by means of a horizontal hinge, on which elastic elements are mounted on opposite sides, which are connected to the platform by means of power mechanisms installed in the horizontal plane, moreover, fruit tree stem is made in the form of cargo.

installed with the possibility of movement and fixing on the simulator of the stem, and the mass position control system has a sensor mounted on the stand, a movement made in the form of a sealed container with a variable volume, and a cargo position indicator made in the form of a transparent pipeline connected along the stem connected to capacity, while the main structural parameters of the stand are interconnected by the following relations

g

G-A (Z2-A)

AND

-1) -Hi

where Hi is the distance from the axis along which the compressive force acts from the force elements to the level of the vibrator gripping location;

I - dimensionless coefficient characterizing the deformation of - elastic elements;

A is the magnitude of the stroke of the free end of the power element;

0 G - shear modulus of the elastic material;

A is the area of the elastic element;

C is the stiffness of the elastic element;

P is the cross-sectional area of the pipeline 5;

Pi is the cross-sectional area of the container;

m is the mass of the simulated tree;

gsh - the mass of the cargo.

LL

operator's place