RU175221U1 - SHIP LIFT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of shipbuilding and ship repair, namely, devices for raising ships for the purpose of their repair and launching of ships back into the water. The utility model is intended for controlled vertical launching or lifting of ships, block sections and hulls during their manufacture or repair from slipway lines into water, and can also be used in other industries for the vertical movement of heavy cargoes (metallurgy, railway transport, aircraft construction). The problem to which the claimed utility model is directed is the creation of a ship-lifting (launching) device of the vertical type, designed for controlled automation descent and lifting of vessels, which allows to achieve the following technical result. The technical result achieved by using the claimed utility model is to expand the arsenal of technical means for controlled automated vertical descent and lifting of vessels. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the ship elevator comprising a platform consisting of at least two transverse beams and two longitudinal beams interconnected, with each end A block cage with a winch is installed in front of the transverse beam, additionally contains a control device consisting of an electrical equipment cabin and a control cabin, and at least four vertical guides, each of which consists of a pair of rollers mounted on supports and a pair of ski guides connected to the platform, which comprises a deck. The ship elevator may further comprise a locking device consisting of at least four mechanical locking devices, each of which is mounted on a frame Each locking device can be equipped with a drive. Each locking device can be equipped with a limit switch that excludes the operation of the winches when the platform is fixed. The platform can be equipped with rails. Rails can be installed along the platform. Rails can be installed across the platform. Rails can be installed along and across the platform. The flooring of the platform can be made of steel sheets. The flooring of the platform can be made of perforated metal sheets. The flooring of the platform can be made of wooden moldings. 10 s P. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of shipbuilding and ship repair, namely, devices for raising ships for the purpose of their repair and launching of ships back into the water. The utility model is intended for controlled vertical launching or lifting of ships, block sections and hulls during their manufacture or repair from slipway lines into water, and can also be used in other industries for the vertical movement of heavy cargoes (metallurgy, railway transport, aircraft construction).

Shipbuilding and ship repair facilities in Russia currently use slips, transfer docks or dry docks as ship lifting (ship launching) equipment.

Slips (inclined ship elevators) are the oldest type of lifting and launching facility, capable of launching or raising ashore ships built or repaired on several coastal slipways. The relatively small carrying capacity of slips limits the possibility of their use when working with large and medium-sized vessels. Complexes with transfer floating docks, being the total costs for their construction, are close to complexes with bulk docking chambers, differ from the latter in a more rational use of the territory of enterprises, much shorter volumes of construction and installation works and, accordingly, shorter construction periods, shorter duration of dock operations. (Yu.M. Gutkin, N. A. Chekletsov “Prospects for the creation of domestic vertical ship-hoists”. Ship Technologies. 02/05/2004).

Among the main disadvantages of the described systems, the following can be distinguished: the bulkiness and complexity of the structures, the dependence of the process of raising and lowering the vessels on fluctuations in the level of the water area, as well as the relative slowness of the lifting and launching operations.

The use of vertical ship elevators avoids these problems.

The first vertical ship lifts appeared, apparently, in Germany, where in the early 40s a hydraulic ship elevator with short-stroke hydraulic jacks with a lifting capacity of about 500 tons was built. The widespread use of vertical boat lifts abroad begins in the 60s - 70s and is associated with the use of cable-operated boat lifts, mainly the Synchrolift system. The first few ship-elevators of this type were built in the second half of the 50s of the XX century and had a lifting force of 100 to 300 tons. In 1990, it was reported that the Synchrolift-type ship elevator was put into operation with a carrying capacity of 32,000 tons and that there was a project for a similar structure with a lifting capacity of 45,000 tons. By this time, more than 175 devices of this type were built around the world, and by 2000 their number had reached about 220 units. Such a rapid and widespread vertical boat lifts due to a number of their undoubted advantages. First of all, their compactness, speed of lifting and launching operations, independence of these operations from fluctuations in water levels, low operating costs, the possibility of intensification of the structure, moderate volumes of construction and installation works and the relative speed of construction. A number of these advantages are no less inherent in the transfer floating docks, but the latter are noticeably inferior to vertical ship elevators in conditions of significant fluctuations in water levels in the water area and large excesses of the elevation of the shipyard over the calculated levels of the water area, as well as in the number of staff and operating costs. (Yu.M. Gutkin, N. A. Chekletsov “Prospects for the creation of domestic vertical ship-hoists”. Ship Technologies. 05.02.2004)

As a prototype, a well-known method of launching a vessel and a device for its implementation (patent RU No. 2051836, B63C 3/06, 06/28/1991) is selected, which contains a vertical cable hoist having a platform with load-bearing transverse beams and block clips installed at the ends of these load-bearing beams and located along the longitudinal sides of the platform, as well as winches with cables installed on the supporting platforms of the ship elevator on both longitudinal sides of the platform, while the mentioned cables are stored in the corresponding block clips of the platform We performed with a cantilever overhang of the entrance part relative to the extreme transverse load-bearing beam, and is characterized in that the distance between the extreme block cages is determined by a specific ratio, while the distance from the edge of the cantilever overhang to the nearest transverse beam is equal to the maximum overhang of the stern of the descent vessel from the support, and the opposite edge of the platform is made with a counterweight, the mass of which is equal to the mass of the said console.

The task to which the claimed utility model is directed is to create a ship-lifting (launching) device of the vertical type, designed for controlled automated launching and lifting of vessels, which allows achieving the technical result given below.

The technical result achieved by using the inventive utility model is to expand the arsenal of technical means intended for controlled automated vertical launching and lifting of ships.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the ship elevator containing the platform, consisting of at least two transverse beams and two longitudinal beams interconnected, while at each end of each transverse beam a block clip with a winch is installed, an additional control device is provided, consisting of from the electrical and control cabs, and at least four vertical guides, each of which consists of a pair of rollers mounted on abutments and a pair of ski guides associated with the uniform that contains the flooring.

The boat elevator may further comprise a locking device, consisting of at least four mechanical locking devices, each of which is mounted on the frame of the corresponding block holder.

Each locking device can be equipped with a drive.

Each locking device can be equipped with a limit switch that excludes the operation of winches with a fixed platform.

The platform can be equipped with rails.

Rails can be installed along the platform.

Rails can be mounted across the platform.

Rails can be installed along and across the platform.

The platform flooring can be made of steel sheets.

The platform flooring can be made of perforated metal sheets.

The flooring of the platform can be made of wooden moldings.

The claimed ship elevator is intended for controlled automated vertical launching and lifting of vessels.

In general, a vertical ship elevator is a rigid horizontal platform for launching vessels from the level of the slipway to the water or lifting the vessels out of the water. Vertical movement of the platform is carried out using a system of specialized synchronized winches.

The platform is a structure consisting of interconnected longitudinal and transverse beams. In the process, the platform is immersed in water and rises out of the water with the ship.

It is advisable to perform beams, both longitudinal and transverse, of metal, since this is the most durable and durable material. When using metal beams, it is convenient to carry out the construction of the welded platform, since this method of joining metal is the most durable and simple to perform. However, when connecting the beams, other methods can be used that provide the necessary strength and rigidity, including detachable joints. The number of longitudinal and transverse beams can be different and depends on the required platform size. With a minimum platform size, it is advisable to use at least two longitudinal beams and two transverse beams. It is with such a minimum number of beams that the necessary structural rigidity is achieved. By increasing the size of the platform, the number of beams can also be increased.

In addition to the longitudinal and transverse beams, the platform also contains a set of block clips and auxiliary elements. Block clips are located at the ends of the transverse beams, and the clips located at the ends of the same transverse beam form a pair of block clips. Accordingly, the number of pairs of block clips located on the platform and forming a set of block clips depends on the number of transverse beams.

In addition, rails can be installed on the platform for moving the ship transportation system. In the case of pneumatic wheel conveyors, rail tracks may be absent. For additional convenience when transporting ships, the rails on the platform can be located in three versions. Depending on the configuration of the shipyard, the following directions for supplying vessels to the platform can be used: longitudinal, transverse and combined. Thus, the rails can be located on the platform also in three versions. In the first embodiment, the rails are installed longitudinally, that is, the vessel is fed to the platform along the platform. In the second embodiment, the rails are installed transversely, that is, the ship is fed across the platform across the platform. In the third embodiment, the rails are installed longitudinally and transversely, that is, the supply of the vessel to the platform can be carried out both along and across the platform. The final position of the rails on the platform depends on the requirements of the customer and the configuration of the shipyard. Thus, the claimed technical solution allows the raising and lowering of the vessel relative to any configuration of the shipyard, which greatly expands the scope of its application.

The flooring of the platform is necessary for ease of operation of the inventive ship elevator. Without a deck, for example, in a prototype boat hoist, the platform is a trellised structure consisting of longitudinal and transverse beams. In this case, the maintenance of the platform itself is difficult, since repairmen only need to move along the beams during maintenance, which is neither convenient nor safe. The presence of the flooring makes it possible to increase the convenience and safety of repairmen during maintenance of the ship elevator, since on the surface of the flooring any person will be able to freely move anywhere in the platform without the threat of a fall. In addition, the flooring allows you to perform work on the inventive ship elevator using modular ship transportation systems.

The flooring of the platform can be made as a closed steel deck of flat steel sheets. In this case, it is possible to perform technical maintenance of the vessel directly on the platform of the ship elevator, which makes the claimed technical solution more versatile and convenient for use. In addition to steel sheets, it is possible to manufacture flooring from perforated metal sheet or wooden moldings. The flooring material can be determined by the requirements of the customer, depending on the environmental and operating conditions of the claimed ship elevator.

The platform of the claimed ship elevator can be positioned at the following levels:

- Territory level (designed to move ships from a slipway to a platform and in the opposite direction);

- lower level (intended for the withdrawal of vessels from the platform to the water area and in the opposite direction);

- service level (the platform is raised above the level of the territory, while the lower part of the platform is above the water level). At this level, maintenance and repair of the platform and lower block clips can be carried out.

Vertical guides are designed to provide stabilization of the platform position in the plan during strong winds and waves. This allows the safety of the claimed hoist.

The number of vertical rails depends on the size of the platform. With a minimum platform size, it is advisable to use at least four vertical guides, since this number is the minimum necessary to ensure the strength of the entire structure of the claimed ship elevator. By increasing the size of the platform, the number of vertical guides can be increased.

Each vertical guide consists of a pair of rollers mounted on abutments and a pair of ski guides connected to the platform. When the platform approaches the upper position, the skis run onto the rollers and thereby ensure a stable position of the platform in plan. It is advisable to guide the skis with metal, as this is the most durable and strong material.

The locking device is designed to fix the platform at the level of the pier when rolling ships, and at the maintenance level, approximately 0.5 m from the bottom edge of the platform to the water level.

The locking device comprises at least four mechanical locking devices equipped with a drive and mounted on the frame of the corresponding block holder. As the drive, an electric drive, a hydraulic or electromechanical drive can be used. In general, it is advisable to use mechanical locking devices according to the number of block clips, since in this case the platform will be fixed at one or another level more accurately and reliably.

The principle of fixing the platform when using the proposed technical solution is as follows. When the platform approaches the desired position, the platform stops and mechanical engagement is carried out, thereby ensuring a fixed position of the platform in the vertical direction when rolling the ships.

Each locking device can be equipped with a limit switch that excludes the operation of winches with a fixed platform. This further increases the convenience when working with the claimed technical solution.

Winches are designed to raise and lower the platform. Lifting the platform is carried out on ropes stored on blocks combined in block clips mounted on the platform and on the beams at the winches.

Each winch includes the following nodes: top block clip; support drum; open gear (if necessary); gearbox; electric motor; two brakes; electrical equipment; protective cover. A drum with a gear wheel is mounted on supports and is driven into rotation through a gearbox by an electric motor. Electric motors can be equipped with built-in disc brakes with control of operation and wear. Installation of additional block brakes with electro-hydraulic pushers is possible.

Each winch is equipped with limit switches designed to limit the extreme upper and lower extreme positions of the platform.

It is advisable to use ready-made winches assembled.

The control device consists of an electrical equipment cabin and a control cabin. The specified device is designed to control the platform; smoothly dialing and lowering the speed of the launch platform, with acceleration not exceeding the set by the operator; automatic and manual leveling of the platform; adjusting the speed of the launch platform; automatic control of speed and position of the platform; automatic skew control of the platform; the implementation of the setup mode with the ability to independently control each winch; platform braking control during a power failure; diagnostics of the condition of electric drives; ensuring the operation of starting, starting, working and emergency light and sound alarm; event logging. All these functions are necessary to simplify the operation of the inventive ship elevator. In addition, thanks to the control of these parameters, the inventive ship elevator provides increased convenience and safety during its operation.

Thus, the claimed technical device allows you to expand the arsenal of technical means intended for controlled automated vertical launching and lifting of ships. And, in addition, it allows for high speed and high controllability of lifting and launching operations, low probability of vessel hull deformation, as well as the ability to work with modern modular ship transportation systems.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where:

In FIG. 1 shows a top view of the inventive ship elevator.

In FIG. 2 shows a side view of the inventive ship elevator.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the possible directions of rolling the vessel onto the platform.

In FIG. 4 shows a platform without a deck.

In FIG. 5 shows a General view of the inventive ship elevator.

According to the figures, the ship elevator is designed for controlled vertical launching or lifting of vessels, block sections and hulls during their manufacture or repair from slipway lines into the water.

The ship elevator in the general case includes a steel lifting platform 1, cargo winches 2, as well as auxiliary devices and mechanisms designed for the safe operation of the elevator.

Platform 1 is a welded metal structure, consisting of interconnected longitudinal 3 and transverse 4 beams of an open, usually I-beam, steel or wood flooring 5, block clips and auxiliary elements. Transverse rail tracks 6 are installed on the platform for the movement of stacking bogies.

On the transverse beams 4 of the platform 1 mounted elements of the vertical guides 7, designed to stabilize the position of the platform in the plan with strong wind and waves.

Cargo winches 2 are installed on the foundations of a hydraulic structure on two sides of platform 1.

Platform 1 is connected to winches 2 by means of a cable-block system.

Winches 2 are equipped with mechanical or electromechanical devices for rigidly fixing the platform at the level of the slipway, as well as (if necessary) at the service level, at which the lower part of the platform is above the water level.

The control device 8 consists of a cabin of electrical equipment and a control cabin.

The control cabin is a glazed cabin in which the operator's console is located. Monitors of the control device are installed in the cockpit, on which the ship elevator is shown in the form of a mimic diagram and in real time data are displayed on the current position of the platform, the load perceived by each of the winches, the parameters of electric motors and other information. Also, the control cabin is equipped with a technological video surveillance post providing an overview of the working area. To ensure the operator’s communication with the trigger team and the support team, the control cabin is equipped with a radio communication system.

The power equipment of the control device is located on panels fixed to the inner surfaces of the walls of the electrical equipment cabin.

The claimed ship hoist operates as follows.

The descent of the vessel from the slipway into the water is as follows. By simultaneously turning on the winch 2 “on the descent”, platform 1 is installed from the service level to the level of the slipway and is blocked from locking in plan and horizon by fixation devices. Rail tracks 6 of the platform are connected to the tracks of slipway lines with folding rail jumpers overlapping the gaps between the platform 1 and the slipway. With the help of slipway trolleys, a vessel mounted on the transverse beams 4 is rolled on rail tracks 6 on the rail tracks 6. The hydraulic cylinders of the slipway trolleys lower the vessel onto the supports of the transverse beams 4, after which the slipway trolleys are rolled out from the platform 1 onto the slipway. Further rail jumpers recline. By simultaneously turning on the winches 2 “on the rise”, the platform 1 rises above the level of the slipway by 30 ... 50 mm, sufficient to unlock the devices for fixing the platform 1. By simultaneously turning on the winches 2 “on the down”, the platform 1 with the vessel is lowered into the water to the estimated depth at which it is possible the exit of the vessel from the camera hoist. After the ship leaves platform 1 returns to the level of the slipway. Rail tracks 6 of the platform 1 are connected to the tracks of the slipway lines with hinged rail jumpers overlapping the gaps between the platform 1 and the slipway. On the platform 1 are fed slipway trolleys that take away the transverse beams. Platform 1 returns to its original, so-called “service” position and is mounted on the stops of the locking devices. Turning on and off the winches 2 is carried out by the control device 8.

The rise of the vessel from the water to the slipway is as follows. By simultaneously turning on the winch 2 “on the descent”, platform 1 is installed from the service level to the level of the slipway and is blocked from locking in plan and horizon by fixation devices. Rail tracks 6 of the platform 1 are connected to the tracks of the slipway lines with hinged rail jumpers overlapping the gaps between the platform 1 and the slipway. On the deck of the platform 1 in the calculated places with the help of slipway trolleys, the transverse beams 4 are installed, after which the slipway trolleys are rolled back to the slipway. Further rail jumpers recline. By simultaneously turning on the winch 2 “on the rise”, platform 1 rises above the level of the slipway by 30 ... 50 mm, sufficient to unlock the platform fixation devices. By simultaneously turning on the winch 2 “on the run”, platform 1 is lowered into the water to the design depth at which the ship can safely enter the ship elevator chamber. After that, the vessel is entered and positioned in the chamber. By simultaneously turning on the winches 2 “on the rise”, platform 1 with the vessel rises above the level of the slipway by 30 ... 50 mm, sufficient to lock the platform's locking devices. By simultaneously turning on the winches 2 “on the descent”, platform 1 with the ship lowers to the stops of the locking devices. In this case, the level of the platform 1 coincides with the level of the slipway. Rail tracks 6 of the platform 1 are connected to the tracks of the slipway lines with hinged rail jumpers overlapping the gaps between the platform 1 and the slipway. On the platform 1 under the transverse beams 4 are fed slipways, which, after raising the hydraulic jack rods, take the vessel from the platform to the slipway. Rail jumpers recline. Platform 1 returns to its original, so-called “service” position and is mounted on the stops of the locking devices. Turning on and off the winches is carried out by the control device 8.

In order to ensure synchronized operation of the winches and control the position of the platform, the winch control device is built on the basis of a programmable logic controller. Winch electric motors are controlled by microprocessor-controlled frequency-controlled converters. To ensure precise control, all motors are equipped with encoders.

The claimed technical solution eliminates most of the shortcomings available in the analogues, complements a number of similar ship elevators and, in addition, is quite simple to manufacture and convenient to use.

The claimed ship hoist uses traditional structural materials, and it can be manufactured under experimental or serial production.

Claims (11)

1. A boat elevator comprising a platform consisting of two transverse beams and two longitudinal beams interconnected, wherein at each end of each transverse beam a block ferrule with a winch is installed, characterized in that it comprises a control device consisting of an electrical equipment cabin and a control cabin and four vertical guides, each of which consists of a pair of rollers mounted on abutments, and a pair of ski guides connected to a platform that contains the flooring. 2. The boat elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a locking device consisting of at least four mechanical locking devices, each of which is mounted on the frame of the corresponding block holder. 3. The ship elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that each locking device is equipped with a drive. 4. The boat elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that each locking device is equipped with a limit switch that excludes the operation of the winches with the platform fixed. 5. The ship elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform is equipped with rails. 6. The ship elevator according to claim 5, characterized in that the rails are installed along the platform. 7. The ship elevator according to claim 5, characterized in that the rails are installed across the platform. 8. The ship elevator according to claim 5, characterized in that the rails are installed along and across the platform. 9. The ship elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform deck is made of steel sheets. 10. The ship elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform deck is made of perforated metal sheets. 11. The ship elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform deck is made of wooden moldings.

Images