RU169332U1 - Direct-flow steam boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides compactness and simplicity of the claimed construction due to combining the functions of an economizer, deaerator, sludge collector, expansion tank connected to the atmosphere and a storage tank with a water supply sufficient to safely stop the steam boiler in emergency situations. The steam boiler contains a housing with a cavity 5 bounded by the end walls 1, the outer side walls 3 of the housing and the inner walls 4 of the combustion chamber 2. Inside the combustion chamber there is a heat exchanger formed by a pipe in the form of horizontal cylindrical outer 16 and inner 17 coils. The inner coil 17 forms the combustion surface of the boiler 2, and the outer coil 16 forms the convective part of the boiler, and the final turn of the outer coil 16 is connected to the initial turn of the inner coil 17 by the connecting link 6. On the outlet pipes of the coils 16 and 17, on the furnace pipe 7 of the boiler body and emitters of ultrasonic vibrations 8 are installed on its back wall, while for the transfer of ultrasonic vibrations through the coils the turns of the latter are interconnected by means of welded joints. A chimney 9 and a breathing pipe 12 are installed in the ceiling part of the casing. A part of the chimney 9 is placed in the cavity 5 of the casing for additional heat removal from the flue gases. In the lower part of the water-filled housing there is a sludge collector 24 in the form of an inclined trough connected to a nozzle 14 for removing sludge. 6 c.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to boiler building and can be used in the power industry, at various industrial and agricultural enterprises, as well as in housing and communal services, where saturated steam is required.

A heat generator is known from the prior art, comprising a housing with vaporization, combustion and water heating chambers placed therein, formed by walls, made in a drop-shaped and multi-layer arrangement between the layers forming the power structure of the housing, a cooler, a burner with a fuel and air supply system and a pipe for removal of exhaust gases from the combustion chamber (see USSR author's certificate for the invention "Lomanova Heat Generator", No. 1793144, IPC F22B 1/18, F22B 27/16, publ. 07.02.93).

A disadvantage of the known heat generator is the lack of an economizer and heat exchangers in the core, which reduces its productivity and energy removal of steam per unit volume.

From patent RU No. 21117877, IPC F24H 1/10, publ. 08/20/1998 a gas heating module is also known, consisting of a metal vessel for heated water, a gas and air supply system, an automated gas burner unit, an expansion tank and a make-up tank, a heat-generating element, a chimney and auxiliary devices. The heat-generating element is made in the form of a U-shaped duct from sequentially arranged forward and reverse passages of a rectangular shape, connected by a rotary elbow.

The disadvantages of the known heating module are:

- all parts of the heat-generating element are in the total water volume, therefore it is impossible to identify which part of the volume of heated water is in the active and convective parts of the heater;

- for the recovery of heat from the flue gases requires the manufacture of an additional heat exchanger;

- to make up the boiler, it is necessary to manufacture an external expansion tank installed above the boiler body, which increases the dimensions of the boiler;

- the design of the boiler body does not allow its use for deaeration of feed water, which requires the manufacture of an additional deaerator.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is a once-through steam boiler containing a housing with a combustion chamber located in it, the walls of which are formed to form a cavity for filling with feed water, a burner installed in the end of the housing, a heat exchanger, a water supply system and a chimney (see RF patent No. 2250412, IPC F22B 33/18, F22B 27/08, F28D 7/02, publ. 04/20/2005).

The disadvantages of the known once-through steam boiler are:

- the boiler body, containing a cavity for filling with water, is located in the active zone of the boiler furnace and cannot serve as an economizer for utilizing the heat of the exhaust flue gases;

- the boiler body is under excess pressure equal to the hydraulic resistance of the entire boiler path and is exposed to high flame temperatures in the boiler furnace, which causes increased demands on the material of the boiler body;

- to recover the heat of the exhaust flue gases, the manufacture of an additional heat exchanger is required and placed in a chimney;

- the design of the stake body does not allow its use for deaeration of feed water, which requires the manufacture of an additional deaerator.

The task to which the present utility model is directed is to create a multifunction once-through steam boiler that provides heat recovery from flue gases, pre-boiler water treatment, sludge removal and maintaining a given water level in the casing.

The problem underlying this utility model is solved in that a once-through steam boiler comprising a housing with a combustion chamber disposed in it, the walls of which are formed to form a cavity for filling with feed water, a burner installed in one of the ends of the housing, a heat exchanger, the water supply system and the chimney are equipped with emitters of ultrasonic vibrations mounted on the outer surface of the casing and pipelines of the heat exchanger, a sludge collector is placed in the lower part of the casing, with a heat exchanger connected loop feedwater with a cavity housing for filling with feedwater and heat exchanger conduit is formed in the form of horizontal cylindrical outer and inner coils, the windings of coils interconnected by means of welded joints.

In addition, the connection of the final turn of the external coil with the initial turn of the internal coil of the heat exchanger is led out through the housing cavity through the passage cases, while a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are installed on the connecting link, the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchanger are also led out through the cavity of the housing through the passage cases.

In addition, the water supply system includes a water supply circuit from an external source to the housing cavity for filling with feed water, and a feed water circuit from the housing cavity intended to be filled with feed water to the heat exchanger, wherein the water supply circuit from the external source is connected to the nozzle for feeding the housing with water and contains a temperature sensor, a makeup pump, a check valve and a water flow sensor in series, and a feed water circuit from the cavity of the housing, designed to apolneniya feed water, the heat exchanger comprises a series-connected temperature sensor, flow meter, pressure pump, check valve and pressure sensor.

In addition, water level sensors are installed in the upper part of the casing, which are connected through the control unit of the make-up pump to the water supply system.

In addition, part of the chimney is placed in the cavity of the housing, designed to fill with feed water.

In addition, the sludge collector is made in the form of an inclined trough.

In addition, the other end of the casing is made in the form of a wall containing a manhole and a spiral cavity that passes into the steam separation chamber, while the spiral cavity is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the steam separation chamber is connected to the steam outlet and the cavity of the casing designed to fill the nutrient water.

The technical result achieved by the above set of essential features is to ensure the compactness and simplicity of the claimed solution by combining the functions of an economizer, deaerator, sludge collector, expansion tank in communication with the atmosphere and a storage tank with a supply of water sufficient to safely stop the steam boiler in emergency situations.

The use of emitters of ultrasonic vibrations, mounted on the outer surface of the casing and pipelines of the heat exchanger, and the implementation of the sludge collector in the form of an inclined gutter, ensure the removal of gases dissolved in water, layer by layer destroy the formed scum, prevent its new formation and remove under the action of ultrasound along the inclined gutter. Under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations in the water column, crystallization of dissolved salts and enlargement of particles that settle in the sludge collector occur. Also, under the influence of ultrasound, the dissolved gases form microbubbles that adhere to salt crystals and when the lifting force is greater than the particle weight, the complex rises to the surface of the water, gases escape into the atmosphere, and the particles settle down. As a result, pre-boiler water treatment takes place in a water-cooled enclosure. Production tests have confirmed that without scale operation of the boiler when using ultrasound and a water-cooled case is provided with a dry residue of feed water up to 700 mg / l.

The design of the boiler body is water-cooled due to the cavity intended for filling with feed water, in conjunction with the chimney placed in it, it can be used as an economizer, which makes it possible to make a direct-flow steam boiler compact.

Installation of level sensors in the upper part of the casing allows maintaining the set water level in the boiler casing, which ensures its stable operation.

These signs are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the specified technical result.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the identified analogues, of which the utility model does not explicitly follow for a specialist in the field of power engineering, showed that it is unknown, and taking into account the possibility of industrial production of a once-through steam boiler, we can conclude that it meets the patentability criteria: “ novelty ”and“ industrial applicability ”.

The preferred embodiment of the proposed technical solution is described further on the basis of the drawings, where:

- FIG. 1 shows a General view of a once-through steam boiler;

- in FIG. 2 is the same, section AA in FIG. one;

- in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the external connections of a once-through steam boiler;

- in FIG. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. one;

- in FIG. 5 shows a section along CC in FIG. one;

- in FIG. 6 shows a view of D;

- in FIG. 7 shows a welded joint of coils of a heat exchanger.

In the graphic material, the corresponding structural elements of the once-through steam boiler are indicated by the following positions:

1. - end wall of the housing;

2. - combustion chamber;

3. - the outer wall of the housing;

4. - wall of the combustion chamber;

5. - a cavity for filling with nutrient water;

6. - connecting link of heat exchanger coils;

7. - burner;

8. - emitter of ultrasonic vibrations;

9. - a chimney;

10. - water level sensor;

11. - furnace pipe;

12. - breathing tube;

13. - a nozzle for feeding the housing with water;

14. - sludge drain pipe from the sludge trap;

15. - steam separation chamber;

16. - external coil of the heat exchanger;

17. - internal coil of the heat exchanger;

18. - pressure pump for supplying water to the inlet of the heat exchanger;

19. - make-up pump;

20. - temperature sensor TE 1;

21. - check valve;

22. - water flow sensor (DP);

23. - pipeline;

24. - sludge collector;

25. - a pipe for draining water from the housing;

26. - a visual indicator of the water level;

27. - control unit for make-up pump (BUN);

28. - spiral cavity;

29. - manhole;

30. - steam trap;

31. - faucet automatic purge the camera;

32. - purge valve spiral cavity;

33. - pipeline;

34. - pass-through case;

35. - purge valve steam separation chamber;

36. - tap;

37. - crane;

38. - valve purge coils.

The legend in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3:

→ - the movement of ultrasound on the surface of the housing;

- удаление растворенного газа из толщи воды;

- removal of dissolved gas from the water column;

- удаление шлама из толщи воды;

- removal of sludge from the water column;

Q - water flow meter (flow meter);

- датчики температуры;

- temperature sensors;

- датчики давления.

- Pressure Sensors.

The direct-flow steam boiler contains a housing with a cavity 5 intended for filling with feed water (hereinafter referred to as cavity 5) bounded by the end walls 1, the outer side walls 3 of the housing and the inner walls 4 of the combustion chamber 2, inside which a heat exchanger formed by a horizontal cylindrical pipe is placed outer 16 and inner 17 coils, while for transmitting ultrasonic vibrations along the coils, the coils of the latter are interconnected by means of welded joints (see Fig. 7). The heat exchanger inlet is connected by a feed water circuit to the cavity 5 of the boiler body. The cavity 5 of the housing can operate either under vacuum, or at atmospheric pressure, or under overpressure, depending on technical requirements. In this embodiment, the direct-flow steam boiler is considered to work the cavity 5 of the boiler body under atmospheric pressure. The inner coil 17 forms the furnace surface of the boiler 2, and the outer coil 16 forms the convective part of the boiler, and the end turn of the outer coil 16 is connected to the initial turn of the inner coil 17 by a connecting link 6, while a temperature sensor TEZ and a pressure sensor PE2 are installed on the connecting link 6 (see Fig. 6). Ultrasonic vibrators 8 are installed in the boiler body and the rear wall for the output of coil pipes in the boiler body and back wall 34. Ultrasonic oscillators 8 are installed on the output pipes of the coils 16 and 17, on the boiler body (furnace pipe 7) and its rear wall. VOLNA-2M, produced by NPO Agropribor, Penza. An ultrasonic oscillator consists of a package of plates of a magnetostrictive material (nickel alloy) and a steel waveguide system. A package of wound plates is soldered to the waveguide. A shock current pulse supplied from a pulse generator excites a magnetostrictive transducer, the mechanical system of which oscillates at a natural frequency of 18-22 kHz and an amplitude of 3 ± 0.5 μm.

On the end walls of the housing there is a pipe 13 for feeding the housing with water and a pipe 25 for draining water from the housing. At one of the ends (front end wall 1) of the housing, a furnace pipe 7 is installed, on which a block automated burner operating on gas or liquid fuels is mounted. The other end of the housing is made in the form of a wall containing a manhole hatch 29 and a spiral cavity 28 (see Fig. 4), passing into the steam separation chamber 15 (see Fig. 5), while the spiral cavity 28 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the chamber 15 steam separation is connected to the steam outlet pipe and the cavity 5 of the housing.

The outer walls of the housing are thermally insulated to prevent burns to personnel. A chimney 9 and a breathing pipe 12 are installed in the ceiling part of the casing. A part of the chimney 9 is placed in the cavity 5 of the casing for additional heat removal from the flue gases. In the lower part of the water-filled housing there is a sludge collector 24 in the form of an inclined trough connected to a nozzle 14 for removing sludge.

In the upper part of the front end wall 1, water level sensors 10 are installed, connected through the control unit of the make-up pump 19 (BUN) to the water supply system (see Fig. 3). The correct operation of the water level 10 sensors is controlled by a visual water level indicator 26. The water supply system includes a water supply circuit from an external source to the body cavity 5 and a feed water circuit from the body cavity 5 to the heat exchanger, wherein the water supply circuit from an external source is connected to the housing water make-up pipe 13 and comprises a temperature sensor 20 (TE1) connected in series , the feed pump 19, the check valve 21 and the water flow sensor 22, and the feed water circuit from the body cavity 5 to the heat exchanger contains a temperature sensor TE2 in series, a water flow meter Q, a discharge pump from 18 to supply water to the heat exchanger inlet, the check valve 21 and the pressure sensor PE1.

To purge the elements of the once-through steam boiler, the following valves are installed: 31 - automatic purge of the chamber 15 for steam separation through the steam trap 30; 32 - purge of the spiral cavity 28; 36 — purge of the steam separation chamber 15; 35 - purge sludge trap 24; 38 - purge of the coils 16 and 17.

Direct-flow steam boiler operates as follows.

Before starting the direct-flow steam boiler into operation, water is pumped through the nozzle 13 from an external source into the cavity 5 of the housing to the upper level controlled by the upper working level sensor of the switchgear, by the signal from this sensor, the BUN feed pump control unit turns off the makeup pump 19.

Water from the housing by the injection pump 18 is supplied through the pipe 25 sequentially to the pipes of the outer 16 and inner 17 coils, through the pipe 23 the steam-water mixture enters the inlet of the spiral cavity 28, then into the steam separation chamber and through the valve 37 through the pipe 33 to the cavity 5 of the boiler body. In this circuit, water and the steam-water mixture circulate until the parameters of the steam-water mixture are reached to the specified values.

When the heat exchanger is filled with water, the water level in the boiler body will decrease. When the water level in the boiler body reaches the position controlled by the low-level switchgear of the switchgear, a signal is sent to the control unit for the BUN feed pump, which turns on the feed pump 19. When the upper working level is reached, the feed pump is switched off. Thus, the boiler body is automatically fed with water.

After that, the burner is switched on.

In the combustion chamber, radiant flame energy through the walls of the pipes of the internal coil 17 heats the water circulating in them, turning it into a steam-water mixture. Partially cooled flue gases enter the annular space between the outer and inner coils, transferring part of the heat to water through the walls of the convective surface of the coil 16, then the flue gases enter the second annular space formed by the outer surface of the outer coil 16 and the wall of the combustion chamber 4. The residual heat of the flue gases Through the wall of the combustion chamber 4, water is heated to 80 ° C, located in the cavity 5 of the boiler body. At the end of the second annular space, flue gases are directed into the chimney. Through the wall of the part of the chimney, washed by the water volume of the body, another part of the heat of these gases goes to heat the water. When the steam-water mixture reaches the set temperature controlled by the temperature sensor TE4 (for example, 140-150 ° C), the valve 31 opens and the water from the steam separation chamber 15 is removed by the steam trap 30 into the drain, the valve 37 is closed and the steam is supplied to the consumer.

When water is heated in the cavity 5 of the boiler body from 60 ° C to 80 ° C under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations, sludge is deposited from the water column into the sludge collector 24 and some of the dissolved gases are removed to the atmosphere. Under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations, oxygen corrosion and the deposition of sludge on the walls of the boiler body, heat exchanger, the walls of the spiral cavity 28 and the steam separation chamber 15 are prevented.

The direct-flow steam boiler has automatic emergency protection according to the following parameters:

- lack of water from an external source controlled by the sensor 22 of the water flow (DP);

- lowering the water level in the cavity 5 of the boiler body to the sensor of the lower emergency level of the NAU;

- increase in water temperature in the cavity 5 of the boiler body to 90 ° C, controlled by a temperature sensor TE2;

- increase in water pressure in front of the external coil 16 to P _NNZ +0.4 MPa, controlled by a pressure sensor PE1;

- increasing the temperature of the steam-water mixture in the connecting link to t _ns3 + 10 ° C, controlled by the temperature sensor TE3;

- lowering of the water flow through the heat exchanger to 0,2Q _nt controlled flowmeter Q;

- increase in steam temperature at the outlet manifold to t _NKP + 10 ° C, controlled by a TE6 temperature sensor;

- increase the pressure drop across the external coil to _{ΔР ннз} +0.4 MPa, controlled by pressure sensors PE1 and PE2, _{ΔР ннз} = PE1-PE2;

- increase in the pressure drop across the internal coil to _{ΔР НВЗ +} 0.4 MPa, controlled by pressure sensors PE2 and PE3, _{ΔР НВЗ} = PE2-PE3.

Parameters P _NCC, t _NHA, Q _nt, t _{NCP NWS?} P,? P _NWS fixed during operation of the steam boiler with a nominal parameters.

If there is no water flow in the discharge pipe when the make-up pump 19 is turned on, then a signal about the lack of water is sent to the control unit for the BUN make-up pump from the water flow sensor DP. From the pump control unit, the make-up pump 19 is turned off and an alarm signal about the absence of water from an external source is given. The available water supply in the boiler body will allow to stop the steam boiler without negative consequences.

The temperature of the flue gases in the chimney is monitored by the TE5 temperature sensor. When the flue gas temperature T _n + 100 ° C is reached, a warning signal is sent to maintenance personnel for taking action.

For all other emergency parameters, an emergency stop of the steam boiler is carried out and an alarm signal is sent to maintenance personnel for taking action.

Thus, in the above specific embodiment, the design of the once-through steam boiler consists of three main parts: a water-filled boiler body, a heat exchanger and a rear wall, each of which performs the following functions:

1. A water-filled boiler body, which performs the following functions:

- economizer for heat recovery of flue gases;

- devices for pretreatment of feed water with ultrasonic vibrations, which allows to remove part of the sludge and gases dissolved in the water, to prevent oxygen corrosion of the body metal and allows the use of feed water to power the boiler with a dry residue of up to 700 mg / l and a temperature of + 4 ° C to 50 ° C without the use of installations for chemical water treatment;

- sludge trap with the possibility of removing sludge into the drain;

- expansion tank in communication with the atmosphere;

- a storage tank with a supply of water sufficient to safely stop the steam boiler in emergency situations;

- control of the water temperature at the entrance to the housing and at the exit of the housing allows us to evaluate the utilization of the heat of the flue gases.

2. The heat exchanger, consisting of external and internal coils, performs the following functions:

- three-way heat exchange between the combustion products and the working medium in the heat exchanger;

- withdrawal of the connecting link outside the boiler body and installation of temperature and pressure sensors on it and on the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchanger allows controlling the operation mode of the heat exchanger.

3. The back wall, consisting of a spiral cavity passing into the vapor separation chamber, performs the following functions:

- due to the rotation of the steam-water mixture in the spiral cavity, its walls are cooled and protect the steam separation chamber from direct exposure to the flame;

- in the steam separation chamber, non-evaporated drops of water are separated from the steam and dry saturated steam enters the consumer;

- the presence of a manhole hatch allows internal inspection of the heat exchanger without violating the technological piping of the boiler;

- the combination of a spiral cavity, a steam separation chamber and a manhole in one housing reduces the size of the boiler;

- the presence of drainage pipes with taps allows purging of the spiral cavity and the steam separation chamber in manual mode.

The proposed three-link design of the boiler allows for repair of each link separately, which reduces the cost of repair work.

Despite the fact that a specific embodiment of the utility model has been described in detail and shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that this embodiment is only illustrative and does not in any way limit the scope of legal protection presented in the utility model formula, while a specialist in The field of boiler building is relatively simple able to implement other ways of implementing a utility model.

The design of a once-through steam boiler is simple to manufacture, does not require the development of new equipment and the re-equipment of existing facilities, and the tools used are widely used in boiler building, which confirms the possibility of practical implementation and achievement of a technical result.

Claims (7)

1. Direct-flow steam boiler containing a housing with a combustion chamber placed in it, the walls of which are formed to form a cavity for filling with feed water, a burner installed in one of the ends of the housing, a heat exchanger, a water supply system and a chimney, characterized in that equipped with emitters of ultrasonic vibrations, mounted on the outer surface of the casing and piping of the heat exchanger, a sludge collector is located in the lower part of the casing, and the input of the heat exchanger is connected by a nutrient circuit odes with a body cavity intended for filling with feed water, and the heat exchanger is formed by a pipeline in the form of horizontal cylindrical outer and inner coils, while the coils of the coils are interconnected by means of welded joints. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the final turn of the external coil with the initial turn of the internal coil of the heat exchanger is brought out through the cavity of the housing through the passage cases, while a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are installed on the connecting link, the input and output pipes of the heat exchanger brought out through the cavity of the housing through the passage cases. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the water supply system includes a water supply circuit from an external source to the housing cavity for filling with feed water, and a feed water circuit from the housing cavity intended for filling with feed water to the heat exchanger, In this case, the water supply circuit from an external source is connected to the housing water make-up pipe and contains a temperature sensor, a make-up pump, a check valve and a water flow sensor in series, and the feed water circuit from the body The pump designed for filling with feed water into the heat exchanger contains a temperature sensor in series, a water flow meter, a discharge pump, a non-return valve and a pressure sensor. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the casing there are water level sensors connected through the control unit of the make-up pump to the water supply system. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the chimney is placed in the cavity of the casing, designed to be filled with feed water. 6. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the sludge collector is made in the form of an inclined trough. 7. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the other end of the housing is made in the form of a wall containing a manhole and a spiral cavity that passes into the steam separation chamber, while the spiral cavity is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the steam separation chamber is connected to the outlet pipe steam and a body cavity designed to fill with feed water.

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