US622352A - Steam-boiler - Google Patents

Description

No. 622,352. Patented Apr. 4, I899. V. HANSON.

STEAM BOILER.

Annlicatioq filed may 28, 1898.)

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(No Model.)

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No. 622,352. Patented Apr. 4, I899. V. HANSON.

STEAM BOILER.

(Application filed May 28, 1898.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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' V. HANSON.

STEAM BOILER. (Application flled May 28, 1898.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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35 H tight in a simple and expeditious manner.

NiTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VICTOR HANSON, OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JAMES G. WVIIITLOCK, OF HANOVER COUNTY, VIRGINIA.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 622,352, dated April 4, 1899.

Application filed May 28, 1898. Eerial Ila. 682,007. (1% od l.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VICTOR HANSON, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at the city of Richmond, county of Henrico, State of Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention has relation to steam boilers or generators, and more particularly to that class of boilers known as mult-itubular circulating-boilers.

The invention has for its object a construction of boiler wherein the heating-surfaces relatively to the maximum quantity of water are materially increased and whereby a more efficient circulation of the Water and utilization of the heat units are obtained than has been possible heretofore.

The invention has for its further object the provision of means whereby the feed-water is heated by the waste products of combustion and by the exhaust-steam from the engine and such feed controlled by the pressure of the boiler-steam.

The invention has for its further object a simple means for securing the fire-tubes fluidtight into the flue sheets or plates and whereby in case of leakage said tubes can be made In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of a steam-boiler constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the heatingchamber above the steam-dome of the boiler through the feed-water heater. Fig. 3 is a perspective longitudinal sectional view of a horizontal steamboiler embodying my improvements. Figs. 4, 5, and S are sectional (let-ail views, and Figs. 6 and 7 are perspective views, of a vertical cylindrical boiler the shell of which is removed in Fig. 7.

Referring to Fig. 1, F indicates the furnace or fire-box; G, the grate;- C, the crown-sheet; S, the waterjacket surrounding the fire-box, and A the ash-pit. In the crown-sheet Oand the upper flue-sheet S are secured the firetubes T, and in the intermediate flue-sheet S and the lower flue-sheet S that separates the smoke-chamber B from the water-space, are secured what I term primary circulatortubes T, of considerably greater diameter than the fire-tubes T, which latter pass centrally through said circulator-t-ubes. The intermediate flue-sheet S and the upper fluesheet S are secured to a ring R and constitute the steam chamber or dome D of the boiler, said steam-dome D being of less crosssectional area than the boiler-shell S Above the steam-dome D is arranged the feed-water heater H, also shown in Fig. 2 and likewise of less cross-sectional area than said boilershell S ,-to which is secured, at a point proximate to the outlet-port p for the products of combustion connected with the stack or chimncy c, a deflecting-plate P, that projects from said shell toward the circulator-tubes T and v thence downward to a point below the aforesaid outlet-port 19. By this arrangement the steam-dome and circulator-tubes Tto the defiecting-plate,which deflects them toward and around said circulating-tubes nearly to the lower flue-sheet S whence they pass upward into the space between the boiler-shell and de flecting-plate P and out at port 19 to chimney c. The deflecting-plate P performs here an important function in that it prevents the products of combustion from flowing directly across the shell to the outlet-port 19 from points below the steam-dome D, and it will readily be seen that by the described arrangement the heat of the products of combustion is almost wholly utilized before said products reach the chimney in that the Water circulating through the tubes T isheated both from within and without, the circulating-tubes T constituting a series of independent water-spaces forming part of the main water-space W, that surrounds the furnace or fire-box on four sides.

In practive and to obtain the best results the area of the passage between the lower edge of the deflecting-plate P and the lower flue-sheet S should be about equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet-port p.

In the feed-water heater H is arranged a coil of pipe E, whose inlet 6 is or may be connected with the exhaust-port of the engine and its outlet 6 with the chimney c in any usual manner.

To facilitate the circulation of the boilerwater and to provide means for carrying the feed-water gradually to the more intensely heated portions of the boiler, I preferably provide an auxiliary circulator-tube T of at least twice the cross-sectional area of the primary circulator-tubes T, arranged centrally of the group of such, and to insure a more rapid circulation may also use a dished intermediate fiue-sheet or steam-dome bottom S Fig. 4, having its greatest depression about said auxiliary circulator-tube T The feed-water heater has a puppet or other safety or blow-off valve V, a like valve V being provided for the steam-dome D, and d is the supply pipe for the said feed-water heater. The feed-water heater II is connected with the steam-dome of the boiler by a pipe 1), provided with a suitable stop cock or valve 0;, so as to admit steam from the dome D to the upper part of the heater H, which latter is also connected near its bottom with the boiler by a feed-pipe 19 provided with a suitable stop cook or valve '0". As shown in Figs. 1 and 8, the feed-pipe p does-not lead directly to the boiler, but into a sediment vessel or chamber V said pipe having its outlet below the outlet of the vessel, to which latter outlet is connected a pipe 19 that extends into the smoke-box below the feed-water heater II to the center of the boiler, where it dips into the steam-dome nearly to the upper end of the enlarged central circulatortube T the normal water-level being on a line somewhat below the bottom of the steamdome D.

The vessel V has an outlet from its bottom provided with a purge cook or valve 11 Inasmuch as the chamber V is normally full of water the feed-water coming from the heater H enters into a quiescent body of water, allowing solid impurities to settle, and as the separation of the solids from the liquids is facilitated by heat the water reaches the boiler almost free of such solids.

Practical experience has shown that the portion of the feed-pipe within the smokebox B becomes so intensely heated as to result in back pressure,which interferes with the proper feeding, to avoid which I sheath said pipe in an incombustible non-conductor of heat, as a sheathing of asbestos a, as shown in Fig. 8, which also shows a slight modification in the construction of the sediment vessel or chamber V wherein the feed-pipe 11 the flues water-tight in the flue-sheets are well known. To facilitate this'work, I make the surface of the openings slightly convex and place around each tube, particularly the circulating-tubes T in the boiler under consideration, a sleeve 8 of ductile metal, preferably copper, said sleeve being gradually reduced in thickness from its ends to its 1011- gitudinal center or to the point in contact with the greatest convexity of the inner face of the tube-sheet opening, as shown in Fig. 5, so that should the tube T become leaky it can be tightened by means of a calking-tool or the like, there being sufficient metal in the sleeve at its opposite ends to admit of this.

I) b are braces or stays that brace the fluesheets S and S together, and b I) are the braces or stays for the furnace or firebox jacket.

Referring now to Fig. 3, f is the furnace; g, the grate; C, the crown-sheet; s ands, the fire-tube flue-sheets; t, the fire-tubes; t, the primary circulator-tubes through which said fire-tubes pass, and t the auxiliary circulatortubes emptying onto the crown-sheet C. D is the steam-dome, and c are the water-spaces that surround the fire-box f. In rear of the fire-tube sheet 5 is a flue F, that leads to the bottom of the boiler -shell back of the firebox, so that the products of combustion are compelled to flow down and under the tubesheet 8, thence up and around the circulating-tubes 25 and t to the smoke-box B, in which is arranged the' feed-water heater II, in such a manner that the said products of combustion flow forwardly along the under side thereof, thence over its top to the chimney c, and E is the exhaust-steam pipe within the feed-water heater, one of the terminals of which leads into the chimney, as shown. The water here circulates through the watertubes 6' to the space or chamber a at the rear end of said tubes through the auxiliary watertubes 2?, and over the crown-sheet G to the water-spaces 0 the boiler involving the same principles of construction as that shown in Fig. l--that is to say, an enormous heating or evaporating surface relatively to the water capacity of the boiler and a more thorough utilization of the heat than isv possible in boilers of known construction.

I have shown in Fig. l a boiler of general elliptical form in cross-section simply to show that such a form may be employed and which I believe could not be economically done in boilers of known construction. In Figs. (5 and 7 I have, however, shown the invention in its application to a cylindrical boiler. F indicates the fire-box, and Z the primary circulator-tubes opening into the water-space above the crown-sheet of said fire-box and into the steam -dome. Through these primary circulator-tubes and the steam-dome D pass the fire-tubes i which are in communication with the fire-box and the boiler-shell s at its upper end, which constitutes the smoke-box and surrounds the feed-water IIO heater H and P is the deflecting-plate, the outlet for the products of combustion being shown in dotted lines at 19 The service-pipe p is carried through the feed-water heater H and so is the pipe 1), that carries the puppet or blow-off valve V for the steam-dome, as is also the pipe 19 that carries the pressure-gage L, and d is the water-s11 pply pipe for the feedwater heater. The feed-water heater II is connected through valved pipe 19 sedimentchamber V and pipe p to the boiler, said pipe 13 having its outlet near the upper end of the central enlarged auxiliary circulator tube, (not shown, but hereinbefore referred to and shown in Fig. 1,) and p is the valved pipe that connects the steam-dome D with the feed-water heater H which is likewise provided wit-h a puppet or safety Valve V and with a level-indicator I, the boiler being also provided with a level-indicator I.

Steam-boilers of the construction shown in Figs. 6 and 7 can be made sufficiently small to be carried by two men of ordinary strength and yet have a capacity of carrying from eighty to one hundred pounds of steam, which can be obtained from a few gallons of water in a very short time. Such a boiler .can be used for many purposes other than supplying motive power-as, for instance, for cleansing drain and other pipes of obstructions or sedimentary matter, for cleansing beer-pipes in dispensing apparatus, and the like-to which end the service-pipe p is connected by a valved branch pipe 19 with the feed-water heater, so that water from the latter and steam from the boiler can be forced through the service-pipe and the pipe to be cleansed.

Practice has shown that beer-pipes, for instance, can be thoroughly cleansed of the slime and other sedimentary matter in a few seconds, which is not possible by the means usually resorted toas, for instance, by the use of hot alkali lyesand this latter means of cleansing has the further disadvantage in that after such cleansing the pipes have to be freed from all trace of the alkali lye 'to prevent injury to the pipes and to the liquid flowin g therethrough.

I have shown means for feeding the boiler by gravity from the feed-Water heater in a well-known manner; but I do not desire to limit myself to this arrangement, which, although of great convenience in a steam-generator such as last hereinabove referred to,

need not necessarily be used in a stationary vertical or horizontal or in a locomotive boiler, yet in the arrangement of feed-water heater within the direct path of the fire gases or products of combustion, as shown and described, the feed-water heater becomes an auxiliary generator, as has been shown by practice, so that I can obtain in the feed-Water heater a pressure higher than that in the boiler, for which reason a safety-valve is provided. I am thus enabled to feed the water to the boiler under the pressure of the steam in the feed-water heater instead of under the boiler-pressure, as has been the custom between the said heater and the steam-dome of the boiler through the pipe 1). These ad vantages have before my invention never been realized in steam boilers or generators.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a multitubular steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having steam and Water spaces, the fire-box, and fire-tubes connecting said box with the atmosphere through said shell; of primary circulatortubes inclosing said fire-tubes and connecting the steam and water spaces, and an auxiliary circulator tube or tubes also connecting the steam and water spaces and arranged relatively to the primary tubes to receive and discharge the water flowing from the latter tubes into the aforesaid water-space, for the purpose set forth.

2. In a multitubularsteam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having steam and water spaces, the fire-box, and fire-tubes connecting said box with the atmosphere through said shell; of primary circulatortubes inclosing said fire-tubes and connecting the steam and water spaces, and an auxiliary circulator-tube of greater cross-sectional area than said primary tubes, also connecting the water and steam spaces, said auxiliary circulator-tube connected with said steam-space at a lower level than the primary tubes, for the purposes set forth.

3. In a multitubular steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having steam and Water spaces, the fire-box, and fire-tubes connecting the same with the atmosphere through said shell; of primary circulatortubes inclosing the fire-tubes and connecting the steam and water spaces, and an auxiliary circulator-tube of greatercross-sectional area also connecting said steam and water spaces and arranged centrally of the group of primary circulator-tubes and connected with the steam-space at a lower level than the sur- IIO rounding primary circulator-tubes, for the purpose set forth.

4. In a multitubular steam-boiler, the combination with the primary circulator-tubes and fire-tubes extending axially therethrough, of an auxiliary circulator-tube of greater diameter than said primary circulator-tubes,

arranged centrally of the group of such, and

space in its upper part, a fire-box in its lower part, and a water-space encompassing the same; of fire-tubes connecting said fire-box with the shell, and extending through the water-space above the crown-sheet of the box, circulator-tubes inclosing said fire-tube and connecting the aforesaid water and steam spaces, and means whereby the products of combustion discharged into the shell are caused to circulate about the circulator-tubes before they escape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

0. In a multitubular steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper part, a fire-box in its lower part, and a water-space encompassing the same; of fire-tubes connecting said fire-box with the shell and extending through the water-space above the crown-sheet of the box,

- circulator-tubes inclosing the fire-tubes and connecting the water and steam spaces, and means whereby the products of combustion are caused to circulate about the steam-space and circulator-tubes before theyescape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

7. In a multitubular steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper part, a fire-box in its lower part and a water-space encompassing the same; of fire-tubes connecting the fire-box with the upper end of the shell and extending through the water-space above the crownsheet of said box and through the steamspace, circulator -tubes inclosing said firetubes and connecting the aforesaid water and steam spaces, and means whereby the products of combustion discharged into the upper end of the shell are caused to circulate about the steam-space and circulator-tubes before they escape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination with the boiler-shell having a steam-space in its upper part, a firebox in its lower part, and a water-space encompassing the same; of fire-tubes connecting the fire-box with said shell and extending through the water-space above the crownsh'eet of said box, primary circulator-tubes inclosing the fire-tubes and connecting the aforesaid Water and steam spaces, an auxiliary circulator-tube of greater cross-sectional area than and located centrally of the group of primary circulator-tubes and connecting said water and steam spaces, and means whereby the products of combustion are caused to circulate about the aforesaid circulator-tubes, for the purpose set forth.

9. 111 a multitubularsteam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper part, a fire-box in its lower part, and a water-space encompassing the same; of fire-tubes connecting the fire-box with said shell and extending through the water-space above the crown-sheet of said box, primary circulator-tnbes inclosing the fire-tubes and connecting the aforesaid water and steam spaces,an auxiliary circulator-tube of greater cross-sectional area than and located centrally of the group of primary circulator-tubes and connecting said water and steam spaces, said auxiliary circulator-tube connected with said steam-space at a lower level than the surrounding primary circulator-tubes, and means whereby the products of combustion are caused to circulate about the aforesaid circulator-tubes, for the purpose set forth.

10. In a steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell, means for generating steam contained therein, and a feed-water heater located Within the shell above the generating devices; of means whereby the products of combustion are caused to circulate about the feed-water heater before said products escape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

11. In a steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell, means for generating steam contained therein, and a feed-water heater located within the shell above the generating devices; of means whereby the products of combustion are caused to circulate about the feed-water heater and generating appliances before said products escape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

12. Inamultitubularsteam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having in its upper part a steam-space, in its lower part a water-space, a fire-box, fire-tubes connecting the fire-box with the upper part of the shell and extending through said steam-space, and circulator-tnbes connecting the said spaces; of a feed-water heater located in the shell above the steam-space and outlet of the firetubes, and means for feeding the water from theheater to said water-space, for the purpose set forth.

13. In a multitubular steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell having in its upper part a steam-space and in its lower part a water-space, a fire-box, fire-tubes connecting said box with the upper part of the shell, and extending through said steam-space, and circulator-tubes connecting the water and steam spaces; of a feed-water heater contained in the shell above the steam-space proximate to the outlet of the fire-tubes means for feeding the water from the heater to the aforesaid water-space, and means for causing the products of combustion to circulate about the heater, steam-space and circulator-tubes before said products escape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

14. In a multitubular steam-boiler,the combination with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper end, a fire-box in its lower end, a water-space encompassing said box, fire-tubes connecting the fire-box with the upperpart of the shell and extending through the aforesaid water and steam spaces, circulator-tubes inclosing the fire-tubes and connecting the water and steam spaces, a feedwater heater within the shell above the outlet of the fire-tubes, a valved pipe connection connecting said steam-space with the upper part of the feed-water heater, a similar. connection connecting said steam-space with the lower part of said heater, and suitable safetyvalves for said steam-space and feed-water heater, for the purpose set forth.

'15. In a multitubular steam-boiler,the combin ation with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper part, a water-space in its lower part, the fire-box, fire-tubes connecting the same with the shell, primary circulatortubes and an auxiliary circulator-tube connecting said water and steam spaces, said auxiliary tube arranged relatively to the prim ary tubes to receive the water flowing therefrom; of a feed-water heater within the shell above the steam-space therein, and a feed pipe connected with the lower part of the feedwater heater, said pipe extending into the steam-space and discharging into the auxil iary circulator-tube,for the purpose set forth.

16. In a multitubular steam-boiler,the combination with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper part, a water-space in its lowerpart, the fire-box, fire-tubes connecting the same with the shell, primary circulatortubes and an auxiliary circulator-tube connecting the steam and water spaces, said auxiliary tube arranged relatively to the primary tubes to receive the water flowing therefrom; of a feed-water heater within the shell above the steam-space, a feed-pipe connected with the lower part of the heater, said pipe extend ing into the steam-space and discharging into the circulator-tube, and means whereby the products of combustion are caused to circulate about the feed-water heater, steam-space and circulator-tubes before they escape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

17. In a multitubular steam-boiler,the combination with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper part, a water-space in its lowerpart, the fire-box, fire-tubes connecting the same with the shell, primary circulatortubes and an auxiliary circulator-tube connecting said water and steam spaces, said auxiliary tube arranged relatively to the pri mary tubes to receive the water flowing therefrom; of a feed-water heater within the shell above the steam-space therein, a feed-pipe connected with the lower part of the feedwater heater, said pipes extending into the steam-space and discharging into the auxiliary circulator-tube, and a sediment-collector interposed in the feed-pipe outside of the boiler-shell, for the purpose set forth.

18. In a multitubular steam-boile r, the combination with the boiler-shell having a steamspace in its upper part,'a fire-box in its lower part and a water-space encompassing the same, fire-tubes connecting the fire-box with the upper part of the shell and extending through the steam-space, primary circulatortubes inclosing the fire-tubes, and an auxiliary circulator-tube of greater cross-sectional area than the primary tubes, said circulatortubes connecting the steam and water spaces and said auxiliary tube connected with said" steam-space at a lower level than the primary tubes; of a feed-water heater in the shell proximate to the outlet of the fire-tubes, a

valved pipe connection between the steamspace and the upper part of said heater, a valved feed-pipe connected with the lower part thereof, and extending into the steamspace of the boiler and discharging into the auxiliary circulator-tube, and means whereby the products of combustion are caused to circulate about the feed-water heater, steamspace and circulator-tubes before they escape to the atmosphere, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

19. In a steam-boiler, the combination with the furnace or fire-box, the boiler-shell, a steam-generator and feed-water heater contained in said shell, and means for heating the water in the generator and feed-water heater both from within and from without, for the purpose set forth.

20. In a multitubular steam-boiler, the combination with the fire-box or furnace, the water-space, a steam-collector, a feed-water heater, and the boiler-shell containing said parts one above another, of a service-pipe, a steam-escape pipe provided with a safetyvalve, and a pressure-gage and supply-pipe, all of which pipes are carried from the steamdome through the feed-water heater and thence through the boiler-shell, for the purpose set forth.

21. In a steam-boiler, the combination with the boiler-shell, the'fire-box, and the generating appliances; of a feed-water heater located within the shell above said generating appliances, a coil of pipes within the heater adapted to be connected with the exhaust of a steam-engine and with a smoke-stack, and means for causing the products of combustion to circulate about the heater before they escape to the atmosphere, for the purpose set forth.

22. In a boiler such as described, the combination with the shell having a steam-space in its upper part, a fire-box in its lower part, a water-space encompassing said fire-box, the fire-tubes connecting the same with the upper part of the shell and extending through the steam-space, the circulator-tubes connecting the steam and water spaces; of an outlet for the products of combustion in the boiler-shell in a plane proximate to the lower end of the circulator-tubes, and a deflecting-plate secured to the boiler-shell and arranged to form a flue between the two, said plate extending downwardly over the aforesaidjoutlet nearly to the lower tube-sheet, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VICTOR HANSON.

Witnesses:

O. R. LUKHARD, J. G. WHITLooK.

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