RU2697209C1 - Steam generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: steam generators.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to steam generators. Steam generator comprises housing accommodating furnace chamber, convective gas ducts, burner installed in one of housing ends; heated atmospheric tank-deaerator; water supply system; stack; convective heating surfaces of low and high pressures; temperature sensor, pressure sensor; steam separator; emitters of ultrasonic vibrations; air heater in housing, air from which flow about external side and upper walls of convective gas ducts; steam injector is arranged in heated atmospheric tank-deaerator and transition gas duct. Heated atmospheric tank-deaerator is installed with the opposite burner of the housing end. Screened radiation-convection gas duct contains high-pressure festoon. High-pressure convective gas duct comprises high-pressure convective surface. Low-pressure convective gas duct has a convective low-pressure surface. Heated atmospheric tank deaerator is additionally equipped with steam, venting and drain pipes. Steam separator is of a film type. Air heater is equipped with an air blower, and between them a temperature sensor is installed. In heated atmospheric tank-deaerator there installed is sludge collector made in the form of inclined chute. In upper part of heated atmospheric tank-deaerator there additionally installed are water level sensors connected through control unit of low-pressure feed pump to water supply system. Flue stack part is located in the housing cavity. Water supply system includes a water supply circuit from an external source to a convectional low-pressure heating surface, then into a heated atmospheric deaerator tank, then through line of water pressure increase into convection surface of high pressure heating, then into high-pressure festoon and furnace chamber screen. Water supply circuit from external source comprises series-connected temperature sensor, low-pressure feed pump, check valve and water flow sensor. Water supply circuit from external source is connected to nozzle for filling of convectional heating surface of low pressure and heated atmospheric tank-deaerator.EFFECT: higher steam generation efficiency.1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to feed water heaters.

Closest to the claimed utility model is the RF patent for utility model No. 169332, IPC F28F 9/02 "Direct-flow steam boiler." The utility model provides compactness and simplicity of the claimed design by combining the functions of an economizer, deaerator, sludge collector, expansion tank, communicated by the boiler; with atmosphere and a storage tank with sufficient water to safely stop the boiler in emergency situations. The steam boiler contains a housing with a cavity bounded by the end walls, the outer side walls of the housing and the inner walls of the combustion chamber. A heat exchanger is formed inside the combustion chamber, formed by a pipeline in the form of horizontal cylindrical outer and inner coils. The inner coil forms the furnace surface of the boiler, and the outer coil forms the convective part of the boiler, and the final turn of the outer coil is connected to the initial turn of the inner coil by a connecting link. At the outlet pipes of the coils, on the furnace pipe of the boiler body and its rear wall, ultrasonic oscillators are installed, while for the transfer of ultrasonic vibrations through the coils the coils of the latter are interconnected by means of welded joints. A chimney and a breathing pipe are installed in the ceiling part of the body. Part of the chimney is placed in the cavity of the housing, for additional removal of heat from the exhaust flue gases. In the lower part of the water-filled housing there is a sludge collector in the form of an inclined trough connected to a pipe for removing sludge.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the heating surface of the known once-through boiler is made of three cylinders. Inside the first cylinder there is a combustion chamber, between the first and second, and also between the second and third cylinders there are convective flues. Since these flues are long and do not contain any additional heating surfaces, it is not possible to maintain the speed of the gases when they are cooled at a cost-effective level, which leads to increased metal consumption. At the same time, additional external equipment is necessary for heating the air entering the boiler room. The back cover of the boiler is a flat vessel under pressure, which greatly limits the operating pressure of the steam generator.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create an effective steam generator with high working pressure.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the steam generator contains: a housing with a combustion chamber located in it, convective flues, the boundaries of which are made with the formation of a cavity for pumping heated air; a combustion chamber, the walls of which are formed by pipes shielding the combustion chamber by screens, a burner installed in one of the ends of the housing; heated atmospheric deaerator tank; water supply system; chimney; convective heating surfaces of low and high pressures; a connecting link with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor installed on it; steam separator; emitters of ultrasonic vibrations; end front steel plate with a burner located in it; an air heater located in the housing, the air from which washes the outer side and upper walls of the convective flues; a steam injector located in a heated atmospheric deaerator tank and a transition duct, which is made in the form of a shielded radiation-convective duct located between the combustion chamber and a heated atmospheric tank deaerator. A heated atmospheric deaerator tank is installed on the opposite burner of the end side of the housing. A shielded radiation-convection duct contains high pressure festoon. The high pressure convective flue contains a convective high pressure heating surface. The low pressure convection duct includes a low pressure convection surface. High pressure festoon, high convective surfaces and low pressure convective surfaces are made in the form of coils. Both convective ducts are made in the form of parallelepipeds. The combustion chamber is made with the formation of an inner surface in the form of a parallelepiped, and the coiled tubes of the combustion chamber forming the screen of the combustion chamber are made of a prismatic shape in cross section. The heated atmospheric tank deaerator is additionally equipped with pipes for evaporation, purge and drainage. The steam separator is made of film type, while the convective heating surfaces of both convective flues are made with a variable cross-section for the passage of gases. The air heater is equipped with a blower, and a temperature sensor is installed between them. A temperature sensor is also installed in front of the burner. In a heated atmospheric tank deaerator installed sludge collector, made in the form of an inclined gutter. In the upper part of the heated atmospheric deaerator tank, water level sensors are additionally installed, connected through the control unit of the low-pressure feed pump to the water supply system. Part of the chimney is placed in the cavity of the housing. A temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are installed on the connecting link of the initial turn of the screen of the radiation-convective gas duct with the end turn of the high pressure festoon. The inlet pipe of the convection surface of the high pressure heating is brought out through the cavity of the convective gas duct of high pressure through the passage case. The inlet and outlet pipes of the convection surface of the low pressure heating are also brought out through the cavity of the convective low pressure duct through the passage cases. The water supply system includes a water supply circuit from an external source to the convective low-pressure heating surface, then to a deaerator to be heated in an atmospheric tank, then through a line for increasing water pressure to the high-pressure convective heating surface, then to the high-pressure festoon and the combustion chamber screen. The water supply circuit from an external source contains a temperature sensor, a low pressure feed pump, a check valve and a water flow sensor in series. The water supply circuit from an external source is connected to a nozzle for filling the convective surface of the low-pressure heating and a deaerator heated by an atmospheric tank. The water pressure increase line contains a temperature sensor in series, a water flow meter, a high pressure feed pump, a check valve and a pressure sensor. On the screen of the combustion chamber applied pipe insulation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1. - The main volumes of the steam generator.

FIG. 2 - Steam generator and its functional elements.

FIG. 3 - Scheme of the functional elements of the steam generator.

FIG. 4 - Type A steam generator

FIG. 5 - Type B steam generator

FIG. 6 - Steam generator section 1-1

FIG. 7 - Steam generator section 2-2

The steam generator comprises: a housing with a combustion chamber 2 located therein, convective flues 6, 7, the boundaries of which are made with the formation of a cavity for pumping heated air; a combustion chamber 2, the walls of which are formed by pipes shielding the combustion chamber by screens 3; a burner 8 installed in one of the ends of the housing; heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10; water supply system; chimney 9; convective heating surfaces of low 7 and high 8 pressures; a connecting link with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor installed on it; steam separator 23; emitters of ultrasonic vibrations; end front steel plate 1 with located in it burner 8; an air heater 32 located in the housing, the air from which washes the outer side and upper walls of the convective ducts 6, 7; a steam injector 33 located in a heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10 and a transition duct, which is made in the form of a shielded radiation-convective gas duct 4 located between the combustion chamber 2 and a heated atmospheric tank deaerator (see Fig. 2)

Heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10 is installed on the opposite burner 8 of the front side of the housing. A shielded radiation-convection duct 4 contains a high pressure festoon 17. A high pressure convective duct 6 contains a convective high pressure heating surface 18. A low pressure convective duct 7 contains a convective low pressure surface 19. High pressure festoon 17, high convective surfaces 18 and low convective surfaces 19 pressures are made in the form of coils. Both convective gas ducts 5, 6 are made in the form of parallelepipeds. The combustion chamber 2 is made with the formation of an inner surface in the form of a parallelepiped, and the coiled tubes of the combustion chamber forming the screen of the combustion chamber 3 are made of a prismatic shape in cross section. The heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10 is additionally equipped with nozzles for evaporation 20, purging and drainage 16. The steam separator 23 is made of a film type, while the convective heating surfaces 18, 19 of both convective gas ducts 6, 7 are made with a variable cross-section for the passage of gases. The air heater 32 is equipped with a blower 39, and a temperature sensor is installed between them. A temperature sensor is also installed in front of the burner 8. In the heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10, a sludge collector 36 is installed, made in the form of an inclined trough. In the upper part of the heated atmospheric tank of the deaerator 10, water level sensors 11 are additionally installed, connected through the control unit of the low pressure feed pump 24 to the water supply system. Part of the chimney 9 is placed in the cavity of the housing. At the connecting link of the initial turn of the screen of the radiation-convective gas duct 5 with the end turn of the high pressure festoon 17, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are installed. The inlet pipe of the convection surface of the high-pressure heating 18 is brought out through the cavity of the convective high-pressure gas duct 6 along the passage case. The inlet and outlet pipes of the convection surface of the low-pressure heating 19 are also brought out through the cavity of the convection gas duct of low pressure 7 through the passage cases. The water supply system includes a water supply circuit from an external source to the low pressure convection heating surface, then to a deaerator to be heated in an atmospheric tank, then through a line for increasing water pressure to a high pressure convective heating surface 18, then to a high pressure festoon 17 and a combustion chamber screen 3. The water supply circuit from the external source 41 contains a series-connected temperature sensor 34, a low pressure feed pump 24, a check valve 26 and a water flow sensor 40. The water supply circuit from the external about the source 41 is connected to the filling pipe of the convective low-pressure heating surface 19 and the deaerator 10 heated by the atmospheric tank. The line for increasing the pressure of water 42 contains a temperature sensor 34, a water flow meter, a high-pressure feed pump 25, a water flow sensor 40, a check valve 26 and a pressure sensor 35. Pipe insulation is applied to the screen of the combustion chamber 3 (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

The device operates as follows:

1. Before starting the steam generator through the low-pressure cold water inlet 12 from an external source, water is pumped with a low-pressure feed pump 24 through the low-pressure convection heating surface 19 and the low-pressure heated water inlet into the atmospheric tank 13 to the upper level controlled by the upper working level sensor (LIU). At the signal of this sensor, the control unit BU includes a high pressure feed pump 25.

2. Water from the heated atmospheric tank of the deaerator 10 by the high pressure feed pump 25 through the high pressure input pipe 14 is supplied sequentially to the pipes of the heating surfaces 18, 17, 5, 3 and from the steam outlet pipe 15 the steam-water mixture enters the steam separator 23.

3. When the water level in the heated atmospheric tank of the deaerator 10 reaches the position controlled by the low-level switchgear of the NRU, a signal is sent to the control unit, which increases the developed flow rate of the low-pressure feed pump 24. When the upper working level is reached, the developed flow rate of the low-pressure feed pump 24 decreases to the original value. Thus, the automatic coordination of the operation of two boiler pumps is carried out.

4. 5 minutes after turning on the high-pressure feed pump 25, the blower 39 turns on and after another 2 minutes the burner 8 turns on in the boiler ventilation mode. After 15 minutes, burner 8 is ignited.

5. When heat appears in the combustion chamber 2 due to the beginning of water evaporation, the pressure of the working medium in the heating surfaces 18, 17, 5, 3 begins to increase.

6. The steam capacity of the steam generator is maintained by maintaining the water-fuel ratio.

7. The necessary pressure is maintained by the steam pressure regulator up to 37.

8. The water temperature at the outlet of the convection surface of the low-pressure heating 19 is maintained at a level of 80-90 ° C and is controlled by a temperature sensor T2.

9. The water in the heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10 is maintained at 100 ° C, when the temperature drops below 90 ° C, the steam injector 33 is turned on.

10. Due to the operation of ultrasonic oscillation generators, sludge is deposited from the water column into the sludge collector 36 and some of the dissolved gases are removed to the atmosphere. Under the influence of ultrasonic vibrations, oxygen corrosion and the deposition of sludge and scale on the walls of the atmospheric tank of the deaerator 10 and all heating surfaces 19, 18, 17, 5, 3 are prevented. The removal of sludge from the sludge collector 36 occurs periodically through the purge and drainage pipe 16.

11. The direct-flow steam boiler has automatic emergency protection according to the following parameters:

- the lack of flow in the water supply circuit from an external source 41 and the line for increasing the pressure of water 42, are controlled by two water flow sensors 40.

- lowering the water level in the heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10 to the sensor of the lower emergency level of NAU;

- increase in water temperature in a heated atmospheric tank deaerator 10 more than 100 ° C and less than 80 ° C, controlled by a temperature sensor T2;

- increase in steam temperature in front of the steam separator 23 to tn + 10 ° C,

controlled by a temperature sensor T6;

- increase in water pressure in front of the steam separator 23 to Rvyh +0.4 MPa,

controlled by a pressure sensor P2;

- increasing the pressure drop on the heating surfaces 17 and 18 to ΔP +0.4 MPa,

controlled by pressure sensors P1 and P2, ΔP = P1-P2;

- increasing the pressure drop on the heating surfaces 3 and 4 to ΔP +0.4 MPa,

controlled by pressure sensors P2 and P3, ΔP = P2-P3.

For all other emergency parameters, an emergency stop of the steam boiler is carried out and an alarm signal is sent to maintenance personnel for taking action.

For a better understanding of the processes in the proposed steam generator, the main volumes of the steam generator are numbered in roman numerals. Combustion products sequentially pass through volumes I, II, III, IV. The order of water passage, starting from element 17 of the steam-water mixture through the boiler according to elements 24-19-10-25-18-17-3-23.

1. I - The combustion chamber.

2. II - Radiation-convection duct.

3. III - High pressure convection pack.

4. IV - Low pressure convection pack.

5. V - Heated atmospheric tank deaerator.

The list of positions.

1. Frontal steel plate.

2. The combustion chamber.

3. The screen of the combustion chamber.

4. Radiation-convection duct.

5. The screen of the radiation-convection duct.

6. High pressure convection duct.

7. Low pressure convection duct.

8. Burner.

9. The chimney.

10. Heated atmospheric tank deaerator.

11. Water level sensors.

12. Inlet pipe for low-pressure cold water.

13. A pipe for introducing low-pressure heated water into the atmospheric tank.

14. A branch pipe of input of water of a high pressure.

15. Steam outlet pipe.

16. Pipe purge and drainage.

17. Feston high pressure.

18. Convective heating surface of high pressure.

19. Convective heating surface of low pressure.

20. The outlet pipe.

21. The manhole.

22. The generator of ultrasonic pulses.

23. The steam separator.

24. Low pressure feed pump.

25. High pressure feed pump.

26. Check valve.

27. F - water flow sensor.

28. Steam trap.

29. Pipe isolation.

30. The partition.

31. Frame.

32. Air heater.

33. Steam injector.

34. Temperature sensor - T _i .

35. Pressure sensor - P _i .

36. Sludge collector.

37. Steam pressure regulator to yourself.

38. The safety valve.

39. Blower.

40. Flow sensor - F.

41. The water supply circuit from an external source.

42. Line for increasing water pressure.

Claims (3)

A steam generator comprising a housing with a combustion chamber disposed therein, the walls of which are formed by pipes shielding the combustion chamber by screens, a burner installed in one of the ends of the housing, a water supply system, a chimney, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a steam separator, and ultrasonic oscillators characterized in that the steam generator further comprises convective flues, the boundaries of which are formed to form a cavity for pumping heated air, convective heating surfaces of low and high pressures, a heated atmospheric deaerator tank, while a heated atmospheric deaerator tank is installed on the opposite side of the burner of the housing, and the steam generator is additionally equipped : frontal front steel plate with a burner located in it, an air heater located in the housing, air from which ohm The external side and upper walls of convective gas ducts, and with a steam injector located in a heated atmospheric deaerator tank, the steam generator is also equipped with an additional transitional gas duct, which is made in the form of a shielded radiation-convective gas duct located between the combustion chamber and the heated atmospheric deaerator tank, and shielded radiation-convection duct contains high pressure festoon, while high pressure convective duct contains convective surface high pressure heating duct, and the low pressure convective flue contains a low pressure convective surface, the high pressure festoon, high convective surfaces and low pressure convective surfaces made in the form of coils, and both convective gas ducts made in the form of parallelepipeds, while the combustion chamber is formed the inner surface in the form of a parallelepiped, and the coiled tubes of the combustion chamber, forming the screen of the combustion chamber, are made of a prismatic cross-section, why the heated atmospheric deaerator tank is additionally equipped with branch pipes for blowing, blowing and drainage, and the steam separator is made of film type, while the convective heating surfaces of both convective gas ducts are made with a variable cross section for the passage of gases, while the air heater is equipped with a blower, and a temperature sensor is installed between them moreover, the temperature sensor is also installed in front of the burner, while in the heated atmospheric deaerator tank there is a sludge collector made in the form of an inclined both, and in the upper part of the heated atmospheric deaerator tank, water level sensors are additionally installed, connected through the control unit of the low-pressure feed pump to the water supply system, with part of the chimney placed in the body cavity, and on the connecting link of the initial turn of the screen of the radiation-convection duct with the final turn of the high-pressure festoon, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are installed, and the inlet pipe of the convective surface of the high-pressure heating is brought out through the polo the convection duct of high pressure through the passage case, while the inlet and outlet pipes of the convection surface of the low pressure heating are also brought out through the cavity of the convection duct of low pressure through the passage cases, and the water supply system includes a water supply circuit from an external source to the convection surface of the low pressure heating , then to the heated atmospheric deaerator tank, then through the line for increasing the water pressure to the convective surface of the high-pressure heating, then to the festoon you high pressure and the screen of the combustion chamber, and the water supply circuit from an external source contains a temperature sensor, a low pressure feed pump, a check valve and a water flow sensor, the water supply circuit from an external source connected to the filling pipe of the convection surface of the low pressure heating and heated atmospheric tank by a deaerator, and the line for increasing water pressure contains a temperature sensor in series, a water flow meter, a high-pressure feed pump The pressure non-return valve and the pressure sensor, wherein the screen is applied combustor-pipe insulation.

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