RU156656U1 - BIOCOMPOSTER OF CLEANING STATIONS OF TYPE "MEGAPOLIS" - Google Patents

Abstract

A bio composter for sewage treatment plants, including a rotating bio-drum based on a plastic pipe equipped with covers on both ends with a tight fitting to the body of the bio-drum, with bearings in the centers for the passage of the duct pipe, equipped with an air supply control valve outside the bio-drum, and air supply inside the bio-drum perforated scraper tubes, rippers of compostable mass, characterized in that it is placed on a platform equipped with retractable jack supports and to create a working position inclined to the horizon, and when loading and unloading the horizontal position of the bio-drum with a loading hatch at the upper point of the bio-drum and the unloading hatch at the lower point of the bio-drum shell, with the possibility of placing over the channel with a conveyor belt moving the finished compost to the place of packing in the container for export to the place of disposal.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for composting municipal waste, including sewage sludge together with shredded plant waste, and can be used at sewage treatment plants to process sewage sludge into organic fertilizer and to disinfect and reduce moisture. It is known to use a device for thermal disinfection and drying of dehydrated sewage sludge [5]. By feeding the coolant through a heat exchanger equipped with a non-stick coating, with the help of a screw, the precipitate moves towards the place of introduction of the coolant and warms up to a temperature of 80 ° C or more, in which helminth eggs, insect larvae, pathogenic bacteria die. The disadvantage of such disinfection and reduction of sludge moisture is the high energy consumption for preparing the sludge for vermicomposting. The use of aerobic biocomposting of sediments in compost compartments is known (Water Supply II: St. Petersburg: New Journal 20058. - p. 577, 578).

Sewage treatment plants of the Megapolis type are produced with a capacity of 18 thousand to 100 thousand m ³ per day. Due to the heating of the composted mixture under the action and as a result of the activity of thermophilic aerobic microorganisms-heterotrophs, heating and disinfection of sewage sludge occurs. However, the large required area under the collars, the smell emanating from them and the duration of the composting process do not allow using this method of composting in an urbanized area. It is known to use rotary bio-drums for composting household waste (Patent No. 2210437 IPC V09B 3/00. Publish. 08.20.03 Authors: V.I. Belyanov S.N., Degtyarev. Patentee of Avtovaztrans OJSC). In the known device there is a rotating bio-drum with blades for loosening the composted mixture, moving the mixture from the loading device along the axis of rotation to the window for unloading the finished compost, equipped with a gear motor and electric drive and a connecting sleeve for transmitting rotation to the bio-drum, as well as an air supply for life aerobic bacteria thermophilic composting with air oxygen a mixture of waste containing organic matter. The disadvantages of the known device include the low waste load per unit volume of the composter, the need for initial heating of the mixture and continuous inoculation of the mixture with a biocenosis of aerobic thermophilic bacteria. The objectives of the utility model are to reduce the duration of the launch of the biocomposter into the process of processing the mixture supplied for composting and to exclude constant inoculation with aerobic thermophilic composting bacteria. The solution of the tasks is achieved by the fact that when unloading the compost incomplete emptying of the composting bio-drum is performed, and air ducts for supplying hot air from high-pressure blowers are used as mixing devices. To solve the tasks, plastic pipes with a diameter of 3 m are used as a shell of rotating bio-drums, closed at both ends with sealed covers with bearings to allow the stationary pipe of the air duct to enter the rotating hot air drum, and the rotating bio-drum is mounted on a platform with rollers rotating from the gear motor, causing the rotary drum to rotate due to the friction forces and pressing the bio drum to the rollers due to the weight of the bio drum filled with compostable odes. In this case, the platform is equipped with jacks for setting the bio-drum shell at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal, in the shell of the compostable mixture in the horizontal position of the bio-drum and stopping rotation as the compost is ready.

Patent studies have shown that neither the patent nor the scientific and technical literature contain information about biocomposting plants of the design and design described in the utility model formula, which suggests that it meets the patent “novelty” criterion. A comparative analysis of the device that is proposed, with well-known technical solutions, including with the prototype, show that there are significant advantages from the implementation of a biocomposter of this design.

The advantages that are achieved indicate that the tasks that are solved are performed at the inventive level, since they do not follow, obviously, from solutions known in the art and therefore meet the patentability criterion of "inventive step". The proposed biocompost is illustrated by figures. In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a bio-drum in the working position, FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a bio-drum and the platform on which it is supported; FIG. 3 shows a section (transverse) of the bio-drum along the cross-section where the loading hatch of the bio-drum is located.

The list of positions of the components of the utility model is as follows:

1. The shell of the drum

2. Drum covers

3. Retractable platform supports 4 drum 1

4. Bio-drum platform 1

5. Rollers rotation of the bio-drum 1

6. Motor gears of rotation of the rollers 5

7. Bearings in covers 2 of a bio-drum 1

8. Hatch loading compostable mixture

9. Hatch for unloading finished compost

10. Hot air duct

11. Air distribution pipes inside the bio-drum 1

12. The valve on the duct 10

13. The clutch of the gear motor 6 with the rollers 5

14. Manhole cover 8 and 9

15. The channel of the conveyor of the finished compost

16. Conveyor belt

17. Discharge of composting gases

A useful model of biocomposters for large sewage treatment plants, where hundreds of cubic meters of dehydrated sewage sludge are formed per day, require large composters. In the factory manufacturing of biocomposters, a plastic pipe with a diameter of 3 m, a length of 10-12 m and a volume of 70 ... 84 m ^{3 is} most applicable as a biocompost. With a 5-day stay of sediment in the biocomposter, the daily dose of loading will be 15 ... 20 m ³ / day. The bio-composter includes a pipe-shaped shell 1, end caps 2 of the bi-drum with bearings 7 in the centers of the caps 2 for the passage of the duct 10 of the duct connecting inside the bi-drum with the air supply pipes 11, which are also scrapers for moving the composted sediment from the loading hatch 8 to the finished unloading hatch 9 compost equipped with covers of 14 hatches. The bio-drum is laid on the platform 4, equipped with rollers 5 of rotation of the bio-drum communicated by the shaft 5 ′, with the gear motor 6 through the clutch 13. The air supply to the air duct 10 is regulated by a valve 12. The position of the bio-drum is controlled by the sliding supports 3 of the platform, completely lowered when loading and unloading the compostable mixture and providing an inclined position during operation (rotation) of the bio-drum, which ensures mass transfer between the air entering the bio-drum through the duct 10 and the air distribution perforated pipes 11 - scrapers with the release of 17 into the atmosphere.

Under the platform 4 there is a channel 15, in which the conveyor belt 16 passes, the removal of the finished compost for disposal. The biocomposter works as follows. With a biocomposter volume of 70 m ^{3, the} daily loading dose of 14 m ³ should be divided into 3 portions of 5 m ³ . At the beginning, the unloading hatch 9 of the finished compost is installed in the lower position and the drum is set by the supports 3 in a horizontal position, the conveyor belt 16 is turned on in the channel 15 and the lid 9 of the hatch 9 is opened, through which part of the finished compost falls out onto the belt 16 and is disposed of for disposal. Then the drum is rotated on rollers 5 through 180 ° and put the hatch 8 in the upper position. Using the crane-beam of the room in which the biocomposter is located, a portion of the initial sediment for composting is loaded into the hatch 8 with the lid 14 open. Then the platform 4 is exposed by the supports 3 to the working position and the rotation of the bio-drum and the air supply into the drum of the bio-composter are turned on. A new portion of the sediment, mixed with the contents of the bio-drum, is heated to the composting temperature and the biocenosis of thermophilic aerobic bacteria begins the composting process. Since the bio-drum is in an inclined position, new portions of precipitation cannot slip without composting to exit for a period of one day, but move along the length of the bio-drum as the finished compost is unloaded during loading and unloading.

Significant biomass of bacteria of aerobic thermophilic composting is constantly stored in the bio-drum and the temperature optimal for composting is maintained due to the supply of hot air from high-pressure blowers and the work of thermophilic bacteria that decompose organic matter of precipitation with the release of heat. If the temperature in the biocomposter rises to 80 ° C and the precipitate begins to lose moisture too quickly, a heat exchanger can be installed at the air inlet next to the valve 12 to lower the air temperature. In any

In the case at the upper end of the bio-drum pipe, the temperature of the composted sediment will be the highest and disinfection of the sediment, death of helminth eggs, insect larvae and pathogenic bacteria will be guaranteed. In the process of biocomposting, up to 30% of dry ash-free substance decomposes and part of the moisture is lost, therefore not 14 m ³ , but not more than 10 ... 12 m ^{3 with} humidity not higher than 70%, and even up to 50%, are discharged.

Information sources:

1. Patent No. 79093I1 IPC CO2F 1/00. Publ. 12/20/2005. Bull. Number 35. Authors: N.I. Kulikov et al.

2. Water supply II: St. Petersburg: New Journal 2005. - p. 577, 578

3. Patent No. 2210437 IPC V09B 3/00. Publ. 08.20.03 Authors: V.I. Belyanov S.N. Degtyarev. Patent holder of Avtovaztrans OJSC.

Claims (1)

A bio composter for sewage treatment plants, including a rotating bio-drum based on a plastic pipe equipped with covers on both ends with a tight fitting to the body of the bio-drum, with bearings in the centers for the passage of the duct pipe, equipped with an air supply control valve outside the bio-drum, and air supply inside the bio-drum perforated scraper tubes, rippers of compostable mass, characterized in that it is placed on a platform equipped with extendable jack supports and to create a working position inclined to the horizon, and when loading and unloading the horizontal position of the bio-drum with a loading hatch at the upper point of the bio-drum and the unloading hatch at the lower point of the bio-drum shell, with the possibility of placing over the channel with a conveyor belt moving the finished compost to the place of packing in the container for export to the place of disposal.

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