RU154306U1 - SEISMIC SECURITY SENSOR - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A seismic security sensor, including at least three seismic receivers, while all seismic receivers are connected to a common information processing unit, and the sensor itself is connected via a communication channel to a central guard station, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of at least one of the seismic receivers does not coincide with the plane of the longitudinal axes of all other seismic receivers, and the longitudinal axes of seismic receivers located in a single sensor plane are not parallel to each other. 2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the seismic receivers located in a single plane are mounted with the possibility of changing the angles of their longitudinal axes relative to each other. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that all seismic receivers are located in a single housing and together with the information processing unit form a single autonomous module. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of its seismic receivers is located outside the sensor body, equipped with an autonomous signal amplifier of the seismic receiver and a wired or wireless communication channel with the sensor. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a radio channel for communication with a central guard station and / or remote and / or remote seismic receivers. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that a geophone or a piezoelectric sensor or a microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS) is used as a seismic receiver.

Description

The utility model relates to technical means of protection, namely, seismic means that can covertly control the movement of the intruder in the security zone, and can be used to remotely control objects remote from the point of protection, for example, technical points of the main gas pipeline, which are sections of complex geometric shape triangle, trapezoid or polygon.

It is known that the protection of main gas pipeline facilities is a complex technical task. Such objects, in particular, can be crane platforms and air passages, which are arbitrary-shaped platforms fenced with a fence or a security barrier with a perimeter zone. These sites can be located in hard-to-reach places at distances up to 20 kilometers from the central point of protection, which requires the use of additional autonomous means of monitoring the protected area. At the same time, the following series of stringent requirements are imposed on the autonomous means of protection themselves.

Firstly, security equipment must operate reliably around the clock and all year round in any weather conditions, including regardless of the current weather conditions (snowfall, rain, fog, etc.).

Secondly, these means of protection should ensure complete autonomy in operation in the mode of long-term operation (at least 1 year). This is due to their installation in hard-to-reach places, where it is possible to get there no more than once a year due to weather conditions and poor roads.

Thirdly, security measures must be installed and operate secretly, so that the intruder is not aware of their presence and principle of operation, as otherwise, he has the ability to somehow disable them for a while or to deceive.

Fourth, the specified security equipment should ensure their simple and quick installation, which does not require the involvement of sophisticated equipment and a significant number of maintenance personnel, which reduces the cost of operation and does not attract the attention of unauthorized persons (as this may unmask their installation).

Fifthly, security equipment should provide a high degree of reliability of control (the probability of detection of strangers at the facility should be more than 95%), because To verify the fact of the appearance of the offender in the protected area, it is necessary to immediately send a security outfit at any time of the day and any weather, attracting a significant number of people and vehicles for this.

A device for a capacitive electromagnetic security alarm is designed to detect an unauthorized person in a protected area (see US patent No. 4366473, MKI G08B 13/26, 1982), based on recording changes in the capacitance of a wire line isolated from the ground when a person approaches. The device contains a wired line-antenna isolated from the ground, a high-frequency signal generator connected to the antenna through matching impedance, and a processing unit that is connected to the antenna and generates an alarm when the input voltage changes, which is associated with a change in the antenna capacitance when the intruder approaches.

The main disadvantage of the known device is that it cannot function around the clock and all year round in any weather conditions. Rain and wet snow, not to mention snow drifts, cause spurious leaks and actually block the operation of the device.

Another serious drawback of the known device is that it cannot function covertly, so that the intruder is not aware of his presence, which means he could not incapacitate him or deceive him, for example, step over on high stilts.

A loop security alarm device is known for supplying an alarm signal to the security control panel about an intruder entering a controlled perimeter zone limited by a loop of two small cross-section conductors (see patent RU No. 2272323, MKI G08B 25/00, 2006). The device provides an audible alarm about the violation and an indication of the perimeter section on which the violation occurred, moreover, it is hardly noticeable to the intruder.

The main disadvantage of the known security alarm device is that it cannot function in winter when a solid infusion is formed on the snow cover (due to a sharp change in temperature) that impedes the interaction of the intruder with the security alarm loop.

Another disadvantage of the known device is that it has low noise immunity, which is associated with exposure to small birds or rodents: birds can sit on wires, and rodents can bite them. As a result of this, false alarms at the guard point will be observed.

In addition, the known device does not have absolute secrecy, because an intruder with a thorough inspection of the area is able to detect a loop of thin wires located in the area of the perimeter fence and bypass it.

A security device is known, which is a self-contained radio-beam security detector (see patent RU No. 2103743, MKI G08B 13/18, 1998), comprising a transmitter unit (based on a microwave diode) and a receiver unit made in the form of separate structural modules, the transverse dimensions of which are much smaller than the longitudinal dimensions. This allows you to give the blocks a cylindrical shape that has a common appearance (“column”) on the terrain with natural and artificial terrain, which does not reveal to the outsiders the purpose of the device, the direction of the antenna radiation and the location of the detection zones.

The main disadvantage of the known device of the radio-beam security alarm is its low secrecy, due to the active principle of operation.

In addition, the known device can give false alarms when in the protection zone of large birds, for example, kites or owls, hunting small rodents.

Closest to the claimed solution is the technical solution selected as a prototype for controlling the movement of objects in the security zone (see patent RU No. 101201, MKI G01S 3/80, 2011), containing a sensor that includes at least three seismic receivers (geophones) installed relative to each other at strictly specified linear and / or angular coordinates (geophones are installed in the angles of a three-beam star with angles between the rays of the star at 120 degrees and a beam length of 3000 mm), while all seismic receivers are connected to a common unit information processing, which on the basis of the received seismic signals calculates the coordinates of the moving object in the protection zone, and the sensor itself is connected via a communication channel to the central guard station. The device is passive and does not emit signals during the control process, but at the same time it has high stealth for the intruder. The separation of three geophones at strictly specified linear and / or angular coordinates allows us to determine (calculate) the coordinates of any object moving in the security zone using the signals received from the geophones, and the correlation processing of signals from several sensors allows you to detect several objects at once and determine at the same time the type of each object (animal, person, car, tank, etc.).

The main disadvantage of the known device seismic burglar alarm is the complexity of its installation. Installation of a large number of seismic receivers strictly oriented relative to each other in a protected area is a difficult engineering and topographic task. It is necessary to open land plots with an area of about 30 m ² to a depth of 0.5 m, level the plots horizontally, install geophones on them and determine the exact (relative or absolute) coordinates of each installed seismic receiver, connect individual receivers to the network with communication lines, etc. This work should be carried out by highly qualified surveyors, and highly qualified specialists in the field of electronics together with programmers should configure the device. After installing all the electronic components of the device on the ground, it should be well camouflaged taking into account the terrain, the density of the surface layer, and traces of excavated soil are carefully removed. Otherwise, after heavy rains or after snow melts on the ground, clearly delineated areas with soil failure will be visible, and the device will be unmasked. After installing the device in the ground, about a year later, another significant problem arises associated with the replacement of batteries in the device (batteries or accumulators). It is necessary to find with high accuracy the location of each unit in which it is necessary to replace the battery, remove its earth, and then again bury and mask it. It becomes clear that such devices are almost impossible to make mobile and quickly installed. They are well used as stationary type equipment, i.e. once installed on the ground and providing power from a single powerful source. If necessary, such a source can easily be replaced by another without attracting outside attention.

Another serious drawback of the known device can be considered the need to install it directly in the protected area. It is assumed that an alienation strip is used as a protected zone, on which no economic activity is carried out. The territories of the main gas pipeline facilities are unlikely to be assigned to such territories. It is assumed that at these sites periodically heavy construction equipment appears that is necessary for ongoing and scheduled maintenance, which means that there is a high probability of damage to geophones or their communication lines.

In addition, a disadvantage of the known device can be considered its vulnerability to small rodents that can cut through communication lines.

The objective of this technical solution is to eliminate these drawbacks, namely, the creation of a mobile and reliable in operation seismic sensor that can control the protected area, but be easily installed and invisible to outside observers.

The indicated problem is in a seismic guard sensor, which includes at least three seismic receivers, while all seismic receivers are connected to a common information processing unit, and the sensor itself is connected via a communication channel to a central guard post, it is solved by the fact that the longitudinal axis of at least one of seismic receivers does not coincide with the plane of the longitudinal axes of all other seismic receivers, and the longitudinal axes of seismic receivers located in a single sensor plane are not parallel to each other.

The indicated embodiment of the seismic sensor makes it possible to perceive the wave pattern that arises as a result of the intruder being in the protected zone as a set of propagating multipath seismic waves, with each seismic receiver with maximum sensitivity coinciding with its longitudinal axis controlling its part of the protected zone. This allows you to ensure maximum sensitivity of the receiver, and therefore, to obtain the maximum detection range, but in a fairly narrow angular sector. With the simultaneous reception of signals from several seismic receivers located in a single plane, the longitudinal axes of which are not parallel to each other, it is possible to selectively control the required sectors of the protected zone or the entire zone.

To increase the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic receivers located in a single plane, they are installed with the possibility of adjusting the angles of the longitudinal axes relative to each other. The possibility of adjusting the angular position of the longitudinal axes of the seismic receivers with respect to each other allows you to accurately specify the protected sector, which will significantly reduce the number of false alarms from objects outside the protected perimeter.

For ease of installation and maximum secrecy, all sensor seismic receivers are located in a single housing and together with the information processing unit form a single autonomous module.

To improve the accuracy of determining the location of the intruder near the boundaries of the protected zone, especially if its shape is an irregular polygon, it is advisable to place at least one of the seismic sensors of the sensor outside its body. A single seismic receiver (or receivers) outside the sensor can also be made in the form of an autonomous module, which is equipped with an autonomous signal amplifier of the seismic receiver and a wired or wireless communication channel directly with the sensor. Joint processing of signals from all seismic receivers located inside the sensor and outside it allows to determine with high accuracy inside or outside the security zone the intruder is located, but at the same time allows to refuse to use the second, third and subsequent full sensors to protect the zone.

To increase secrecy and vulnerability from rodents, the communication channel with the central guard post and / or remote and / or remote seismic receivers can be made in the form of a radio channel.

To maintain high accuracy of intruder detection in a protected area located on various types of underlying soils, a geophone or a piezoelectric transducer or MEMS can be used as a seismic detector. Geophone allows you to get more stable characteristics on sandy, clay or rocky soils, but it has significantly greater weight and size characteristics than MEMS or piezoelectric sensor. A piezoelectric sensor is more promising to use in the conditions of propagation of low-frequency seismic waves (clay, chernozem).

In FIG. 1-5 presents various embodiments of the inventive seismic sensor; in FIG. 6-7 - depict drawings of various forms of protected areas and installation diagrams of the inventive sensor; in FIG. 8-11 are graphs of signals from the seismic sensors of the sensor.

In FIG. 1-2 presents the design of the inventive sensor with a transparent plastic case with three / five seismic receivers, containing: 1a / 1b is the sensor housing, inside which there is an information processing unit 2, a radio channel unit 3 with an antenna 4; 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d - geophones, the longitudinal axes of which are installed at an angle to each other and are in a single horizontal plane; 6 - geophone, the longitudinal axis of which is installed in a vertical plane.

In FIG. 3 shows the design of the remote module with a transparent plastic case and one seismic receiver, comprising: 7 - a sensor case, inside which a signal amplifier 8 is installed, a radio channel unit 9 with an antenna 10 and a geophone 11, the longitudinal axis of which is installed in a vertical plane.

In FIG. 4 shows the design of the inventive sensor with a transparent plastic case with five seismic receivers made on the basis of piezoelectric sensors (wires connecting the seismic receivers with the information processing unit 2 are not shown conventionally): 12a-12g - piezoelectric sensors, the longitudinal axes of which are installed at an angle to each other and are in a single horizontal plane; 13 - piezoelectric transducer, the longitudinal axis of which is installed in a vertical plane.

In FIG. 5 shows the design of the inventive sensor with a transparent plastic case with five seismic receivers based on microelectromechanical sensors (wires connecting the seismic receivers to the information processing unit 2 are not shown conventionally): 14a-14g - microelectromechanical sensors, the longitudinal axes of which are installed at an angle to each other friend and are in a single horizontal plane; 15 - microelectromechanical sensor, the longitudinal axis of which is installed in a vertical plane.

In FIG. 6 shows a monitoring scheme for a protected area using the inventive seismic sensor with three seismic receivers, shown in FIG. 1, where: 16 - guarded object with a perimeter security zone 17; 18 - seismic sensor; 19 - zone controlled by a seismic sensor and limited by lines 20,21 and 22 (shore of a water barrier); 23 - access roads.

In FIG. 7 is a diagram of monitoring the protected area using one of the inventive seismic sensor with five seismic receivers, shown in FIG. 2 and two remote modules, each of which has one seismic receiver (see Fig. 3), where: 24 - a guarded object with a perimeter security zone 25; 26 - guarded object with a perimeter security zone 27; 28 - seismic sensor with five seismic receivers; 29a and 29b - two remote modules; 30 - the right zone controlled by a seismic sensor and limited by lines 31 and 32; 33 - left controlled by a seismic sensor and limited by lines 34 and 35; 36 - access roads.

In FIG. 8-10 are plots of seismic receiver signals from various objects: from a person (Fig. 8); from a horse (Fig. 9); from the car (Fig. 10).

In FIG. 11 shows graphs of signals from a person located on line 21 (FIG. 6) from two seismic receivers 5a and 56: 37 — a signal from a geophone 5a; 38 - signal from the geophone 5b.

The operation of the claimed device will be considered on the example of a seismic sensor (Fig. 1), installed according to the scheme shown in Fig. 6.

The sensor 18 is used to protect the warehouse of fuels and lubricants (fuel and lubricants) 16, with a perimeter security zone 17 (fence 2 meters high). On the one hand, the approach to the guarded object 16 is limited by a body of water (line 22), therefore, one sensor is sufficient for guarding the object 18. It is necessary to be able to timely detect the appearance of a walking intruder inside zone 19, limited by lines 20, 21 and 22 and send an alarm over the air to central point of protection.

The sensor 18 is installed at a distance of 20 meters from the protected perimeter 17 into the ground to a depth of 30 cm, in order to detach itself from external noise (rain, wind, etc.); the angle between the geophones 5a and 5b is set so that the protected object falls into the sector defined by lines 20 and 21, coinciding with the directions of the longitudinal axes of the horizontal geophones 5a and 5b.

In security mode, the sensor 18 operates as follows: the signal from the vertical geophone 6 is analyzed based on previously taken test signals (see Fig. 8-10), which determine what object is located near the sensor: pedestrian, animal or car.

When recognizing a pedestrian based on the analysis of a seismic signal from a vertical geophone 6 (Fig. 6), the analysis of signals from horizontal geophones 5a and 5b begins. When the intruder is on line 21, which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the horizontal geophone 5a, a maximum signal level of 37 is obtained (Fig. 11), and when moving away from this line, the signal level weakens. In FIG. 11 shows graphs of signals from geophones 5a and 5b when an object is located on the axis of geophone 5a.

It can be seen that the signal from the geophone 5a significantly exceeds the signal from 56, respectively, we can conclude that the object is closer to the axis of the geophone 5a.

Signals from geophones (5a, 5b, 6) are fed to information processing unit 2, where, based on the ratio of amplitudes and information on the orientation of geophones, the direction to the object is determined. Knowing the exact position of the sensor 18, block 2 with high accuracy allows you to determine inside or outside the protected sector is the intruder. Orientation of the axes of geophones 5a and 5b to the sides of the protected sector 19 (in contrast to the arbitrary orientation of geophones) allows to increase the signal-to-noise ratio up to 2 times (depending on the angle between geophones), which increases the accuracy of determining the direction to the source of the seismic signal. If the direction to the oscillation source (intruder) corresponds to the angle belonging to the protected sector, the sensor 18 sends an alarm signal to the central security center via radio channel unit 3 and antenna 4 (it is not shown in the diagram).

The inventive device shown in FIG. 2 and 7. The difference is that the sensor 28 simultaneously monitors 2 sectors. Additional modules 29a and 29b (see Fig. 3) can significantly simplify the organization of protection of objects 24 and 26, thanks to their use instead of the full sensors shown in Fig. 1, 2, 4 and 5.

To verify the claimed technical solution, a working model of the claimed sensor was developed. As the main elements of the sensor were used:

- Geophone - GS - 20DX, manufacturer Geospace;

- MEMS - SF 1500S.A., Manufacturer Colibrus;

- piezo sensors - model 4375, manufacturer Brüel &Kjasr;

- information processing unit based on the MSP-430 processor, Texas Instruments;

- DP-1203-C915 radio modem, manufacturer Xemics, with a capacity of 100 mW, a range of 500 meters and operating at a frequency of 433 MHz;

- a signal amplifier of seismic receivers, made on the basis of an operational amplifier with a bandwidth of 8-33 Hz and a gain of 800. As an operational amplifier, a Texas Instruments TLV2211 chip is used.

The accuracy of determining the direction of the sensor layout to the object was: using a geophone as the inventive sensor, about 2.0 °, which at a distance of 50 meters corresponds to about 1.7 m; using MEMS as the proposed sensor is about 1.8 °, which at a distance of 50 meters corresponds to about 1.5 m; using a piezo sensor 2.1 °, which at a distance of 50 meters corresponds to about 1.8 m.

After installing the sensor 18 on the ground, it is tested. For this, the pedestrian moves near the border of the protected sector 19, but does not enter it. The sensor 18 should not give alarm messages. Only when a pedestrian moves inside the guarded area 19, the sensor 18 gives alarms to the guard post. If the test is successful, the sensor is taken to guard the facility.

Claims (6)

1. A seismic security sensor, which includes at least three seismic receivers, while all seismic receivers are connected to a common information processing unit, and the sensor itself is connected via a communication channel to a central guard station, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of at least one of the seismic receivers does not coincide with the plane of the longitudinal axes of all other seismic receivers, and the longitudinal axis of the seismic receivers located in a single sensor plane are not parallel to each other. 2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the seismic receivers located in a single plane are mounted with the possibility of changing the angles of their longitudinal axes relative to each other. 3. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that all seismic receivers are located in a single housing and together with the information processing unit form a single autonomous module. 4. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of its seismic receivers is located outside the sensor body, equipped with an autonomous signal amplifier of the seismic receiver and a wired or wireless communication channel with the sensor. 5. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a radio channel for communication with a central guard station and / or remote and / or remote seismic receivers. 6. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that a geophone or a piezoelectric sensor or a microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS) is used as a seismic receiver.

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