RU2599523C1 - Method for combined protection of perimeter of extended object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technical means of protection of perimeters of objects and can be used for signalling blocking perimeters of objects and extended boundaries on plain and rough terrains. Method of combined perimeter security of an extended object, such as a railway, includes performing several security boundaries: first - warning, which is made by forming a trench in the soil, into which an extended sensitive element is placed made in the form of a fibre-optic cable; then the second - boundary of the perimeter of the object, which is made in the form of a lattice enclosure and a spiral security barrier, on which a fibre-optic sensitive element is installed of a vibration-seismic detector of the reflectometric principle of action in the form of a single-mode fibre-optic cable; third security boundary - made similarly to the first one; and the fourth security boundary, which is made right along the outer sides of the road, as well as in the gauge by laying a fibre-optic cable into the trenches. Along the enclosure inside the perimeter there are means of television monitoring, lighting, alarm signalling and call signalling.

EFFECT: technical result is improvement of reliability of the object security due to hidden arrangement of the main element at simultaneous reduction of labor input due to minimization of process operations at laying the said element.

15 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technical means of protecting the perimeters of objects, in particular to combined means of detection, consisting of two or more means of detection, based on different physical principles of action, and can be used for signaling blocking of the perimeters of objects and extended boundaries on flat and rough terrain.

From the prior art it is widely known the use of a complex of various means of detecting unauthorized entry into the territory of the protected object by outsiders.

A known monitoring method is carried out using a masked system for monitoring the status of underground pipelines, containing a sensor cable located underground above the pipeline, controllers and an industrial computer, while two magnetometric detection tools are introduced into the system, which are located underground, on both sides of the pipeline at the borders of its deployment zone, and form volumetric detection zones on the approaches to the pipeline deployment zone (see patent for utility model RU 73992 U1, 06/10/2008).

A known method for the protection of long lines is carried out using a complex of signaling systems for guarding and video surveillance of perimeters and linear long lines, including a perimeter security system and a digital multi-channel system with time division of perimeter video surveillance channels, and devices for combining a line of remote power supply for linear devices with security system information channel using the principles of the Manchester code with the possibility of transmitting video formation and control signals of cameras on one physical channel in digital format using the RS-485 protocol, where the information in the transmission channel is sequentially and bilaterally retrieved and retransmitted by linear devices to provide the required channel length, while the video surveillance system contains cameras with a moving memory buffer for storing alarm information (see, patent for utility model RU 123198 U1, 12.20.2012).

A known method of detecting penetration into a guarded object, carried out using a device for detecting human penetration through the forbidden zone circuit, containing seismic receivers located along the circuit, including seismic sensors in the form of geophones with primary sensitivity to the vertical component of the seismic field, preliminary differential and paraphase amplifiers, connected by an extended cable to the equipment of the observation post containing the receiving modules of information from differential amplifiers, a digital processing system and a DC electric power supply unit, while the load resistors connected to the power supply circuits of the paraphase amplifiers are taken out to the monitoring station equipment, the connection of which to each seismic receiver is made by a single pair of cores of the cable, between the outputs of the second differential amplifiers and a digital processing system included frequency filters with a passband of 5 ÷ 100 Hz, parallel to the load resistors of paraphase amplifiers in Keys comparators whose outputs are the inputs of the generators of electric oscillations with a frequency f1 and f2, and outputs the latter are connected to inputs of a digital processing system (see., patent RU 2209467 C2, 27.07.2003).

There is a method of secretly detecting an intruder in a controlled area, which consists in emitting and receiving a radio signal in a controlled area, fixing the amplitude of the received radio signal and generating an alarm for a given deviation of the amplitude of the received radio signal from the established value when an intruder appears, and the antennas for emitting and receiving a radio signal are hidden surface or under the surface of the covering medium (earth, walls, barriers, etc.), when emitting and receiving use broadband the first radio signal with a frequency band within which the antenna for radiating and receiving radio remain optimized (or resonance) in the required range of variation of the medium harboring parameters (see., patent RU 2480837 C2, 4/27/2013).

A known method of protection, implemented using a combined detection means containing vibration detection means and a radio beam detection means, and equipped with a television control device, and these detection means, a television control device and their cable networks are structurally placed on one fence (see patent for useful Model RU 65270 U8, 07.27.2007).

Solutions that are similar in their functional features and implementation methods are also known from the following international sources: US 6914552 B1 07/05/2005; KR 970009968 B1 06/19/1997; EP 1369833 A2 10.12.2003; CN 102486888A 06/06/2012; CN 103956012A 07/30/2014; US2004135687 A, July 15, 2004; US 5194848 A, March 16, 1993.

According to the present decision, in the method of protecting extended perimeters for protecting highways of railways, a combined detection means and physical protection means are implemented, consisting of a fence, a fiber-optic vibration-seismic means for detecting the reflectometric principle of operation, and is intended to construct extended, closed or not closed lines of perimeter protection objects.

This tool is characterized by the presence of:

1. technical means of detection based on a fiber optic vibration-seismic detection means installed:

- from the outside of the fence into one or more lines of protection with the possibility of removal at any distance in accordance with the tasks of protection and with the aim of generating a warning signal;

- at a fence at one or more lines of protection (at the fence and on the visor) in order to detect physical effects on the fence and generate an ALARM signal;

- from the inside of the fence to one or more lines of protection in order to detect intruders who have penetrated into the controlled area with the formation of the ALARM signal;

- next to the rails of the railroad tracks in order to detect violators who commit terrorist acts or attempt these actions on railways;

2. engineering barriers in the form of a single-row mesh fence with a visor or without a visor with a mesh guard under the guard on metal racks installed in the ground on screw piles, equipped with a spiral safety barrier made of reinforced barbed tape or without it;

3. alarm-ringing devices (FAs), providing the collection of discrete information around the perimeter of the object (state of the gate, gates, etc.).

This tool allows you to pre-detect a potential intruder who is in the warning control zone at the approaches to the fence with high accuracy in positioning the location of the violation, conduct video surveillance of it from the controlled zone and prepare for possible penetration into the controlled territory.

The tool used determines the type of intruder (for example, a person, a group of people, a vehicle, an animal) and the characteristic of the violation (for example, speed of movement, direction of movement along the axis of the sensing element (hereinafter referred to as SE) or movement through two or more lines).

Implemented in the inventive method, the alarm means warns of a potential intruder for a time sufficient to prepare the response forces to delay the violation on the perimeters of long objects, provides perimeter protection with two beams. When two fibers of the CE cable are turned on in the opposite direction, the system provides perimeter control with a single cable break (duplicated CE).

The used detection tool does not require laying additional data lines, power lines and special devices on the linear part, except for standard connectors for welding CE fibers; it is integrated with the subsystem "Alarms", using optical sensors embedded in the SE of the system, and data obtained from the same SE or from a separate fiber of the SE, which allows the collection of addressable static discrete information about the state of the limit switches without power supply ( the state of gates, gates and other discrete information that is removed up to 25 km in an amount of up to 50 pcs per fiber).

The technical problem of the present invention is the expansion of the functionality of the security system of various objects formed during the implementation of the claimed method.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method of combined protection of the perimeter of an extended object, such as a railroad track, includes the implementation of at least two lines of protection, located on both sides mainly parallel to the railroad track and relative to each other, the method includes the following stages of forming the boundaries: the device of the first boundary of the guard - preventive, which is performed by forming a trench in the ground, into which an extended sens pheno- element configured as a fiber optic cable; further, they form the second line of protection - the boundary of the perimeter of the object, which is made in the form of a lattice fence, which is a single-row fence with a mesh barrier on load-bearing racks installed in the ground, while a visor is installed on the fence, directed away from the road, and spiral a security barrier, a sensitive element of the fiber-optic vibration-seismic means for detecting the reflectometric principle is installed on the fence and the spiral safety barrier actions in the form of a single-mode fiber optic cable; the device of the third line of protection - the alarm, which is performed by forming inside the perimeter a trench in the ground, into which an extended sensitive element is laid, made in the form of the same fiber-optic cable; the device of the fourth line of protection, which is carried out directly along the outer sides of the roadbed at a distance of more than 1 m from the outer rail on each side, as well as in the interblow by forming trenches in the ground and laying in them long sensitive elements in the form of fiber optic cables; in addition, along the fence inside the perimeter there are means of television control, lighting, alarms and alarms.

In a private embodiment of the method, the trenches for the first, third and fourth lines of protection are performed to a depth of 0.4 ÷ 1 m.

In another particular embodiment, the trench for the first boundary is performed, for example, at a distance of 3 ÷ 40 m from the railway track or from the fence.

It is advisable that the racks of the fence were performed either with bases in the form of screw piles, or the bases of the racks are concreted in the ground.

The bases in the form of screw piles are connected to the uprights by means of a threaded connection or welding.

In another embodiment, the bases in the form of screw piles are made in the form of one integral element.

Most preferably, the racks are installed at intervals of, for example, 2 ÷ 5 m from each other.

As a mesh fabric, it is preferable to use a welded galvanized mesh type SSSP from wire with a diameter of 2-4 mm.

As a spiral security barrier, reinforced barbed tape is used.

In another embodiment, the method includes the installation of optical sensors for alarm and ringing alarms, which are optical devices that change their reflectance depending on the position of the working body, which are used, in particular, limit switches for the position of the doors and gates, alarm buttons - ringing alarm, position mechanisms.

In this case, it is advisable that the sensors are installed in any desired location of the perimeter, and the optical sensor is connected to the sensitive element using a two-way coupler with a ratio of the light flux power branch, for example, 99: 1 or 98: 2 relative to the initial radiation power at the optical output module, and the power control of the branches of the light flux is produced by changing the ratio of the degree of branching of the splitters.

The distance between the sensors along the fiber length should be at least 100 m. Video cameras are used as a means of television monitoring, megaphones are used as an alert, and projectors controlled by a security system are used as a lighting tool.

It is advisable to provide the second line of protection with a means of repelling animals in the form of generators of repelling sounds with a built-in infrared sensor.

For anti-digging purposes, the fence racks buried in the ground are joined together with a mesh cloth to a depth of 500 mm and fastened to the main fence web.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability of object protection due to the hidden location of the main element while reducing labor and material consumption by minimizing the technological operations for laying this element.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed combined security equipment;

In FIG. 2 is an example of a circuit diagram of an alarm-ringing device.

Next will be described a preferred example of the implementation of the method, which does not limit other possible examples in the framework of this application.

The method of combined protection of the perimeter of the railroad track includes the implementation of four protection lines located on both sides of the railroad track (Fig. 1).

First, they make the first line of guard 1 - warning. This boundary is fulfilled through the formation in the soil of a trench 0.5 m deep, into which an extended sensitive element (SE) is laid, made in the form of a fiber optic cable. A trench is formed at a distance of 30 m from the railway (for example, an external rail). The choice of the depth of the cable is due to its preservation from possible damage, as well as the ability to fix penetration and is optimal.

Further, at a distance of 5 m from the first line, they form the second line of protection 2 - the boundary of the perimeter of the object. The specified boundary is made in the form of a lattice fence 3, which is a single-row fence with a mesh barrier (not shown) in the supporting posts with bases in the form of screw piles (not shown in the drawing) installed in the ground. At the same time, the racks and bases are made in the form of one integral element, and the racks themselves are installed at a distance of 3 m from each other, which is optimal. As a mesh cloth, a welded galvanized mesh of the SSCP type is used from a wire with a diameter of 2 mm. The racks of the fence are joined together by a mesh cloth to a depth of 500 mm and fasten it with the main canvas of the fence.

At the fence 3, a visor is installed, directed away from the roadbed, and a spiral safety barrier, which is used as a reinforced barbed tape.

A sensitive element of a fiber optic vibration-seismic means for detecting the reflectometric principle of operation in the form of a single-mode fiber optic cable is installed on the fence and the spiral safety barrier. They supply the border with a means of repelling animals in the form of generators of repelling sounds with a built-in infrared sensor.

Next, they arrange the third line of guard 5 — the alarm line, which is performed by forming inside the perimeter a trench in the ground with a depth of 0.5 m. An extended sensitive element is laid in the trench, made in the form of the same fiber-optic cable.

Then they proceed to the device of the fourth line of protection 6, which is carried out directly along the outer sides of the roadbed, at a distance of more than 1 m from the outer rail on each side, as well as in the inter-blast. This boundary is fulfilled through the formation of trenches in the ground, 0.4 m deep, and the laying of extended sensitive elements in them in the form of fiber optic cables.

Along the fence, inside the perimeter, the means of television control, lighting, alarm notification and alarm-ringing alarm (FA) are installed.

Inside the perimeter, in any necessary place, optical alarm-ringing sensors 4 are installed, which are optical devices that change their reflectance depending on the position of the working body, which are used, in particular, limit switches for the position of the doors and gates, alarm buttons - ringing alarm, position mechanisms.

The optical sensor is connected to the sensitive element using a two-way coupler with a ratio of the light flux power branch, for example, 99: 1 or 98: 2 relative to the initial radiation power at the output of the optical module, and the light flux branch power is controlled by changing the ratio of the degree of splitter branch .

Distance between sensors along fiber length 100 m

Video cameras are used as a means of television monitoring, megaphones are used as an alarming means, and spotlights controlled by a security system are used as a lighting tool.

In FIG. 2 shows an example of a schematic diagram of an alarm-ringing device.

This device consists of:

- personal computer 7 - for example NoteBook;

- USB - port with cable 8 or another data exchange port, for example ETHERNET;

- optoelectronic unit 9 for generating laser pulses and receiving and recording the reflected / returned signals of the probe pulse, usually a reflectometer;

- transport cable 10 of single-mode fiber;

- a splitter 11 in two or more directions;

- transport cable 12 of single-mode fiber;

- a sealed optical coupler 13;

- devices for attaching optical connectors 14, placed inside a sealed optical coupler;

- optical connector 15 (for example, to a sensor of type FCYAPC);

- branches 16 after a single-mode optical signal coupler (splitter), with a smaller branch of the probe pulse power;

 - optical connector 17 (for example, type FCYAPC);

- cable 18 of the optical sensor;

- a device 19 that changes the reflectivity of the sensor.

Option of a fuel assembly sensor with a rotary mechanism

Two standard optical connectors of the FC type are used with face polishing of the APC type (with a polishing angle of about 8 degrees), one of which is made without a position angle lock (degree of freedom along the axis of rotation).

The rotation angle of the movable connector should be limited by the latches in the positions 180 ± 15 ° and 0 ± 15 ° relative to the initial position at which the polishing planes are parallel.

In position 1 (180 ± 15 °), the probe pulse is reflected from the surface of the fixed connector at an angle of about 16 degrees and is absorbed by the fiber sheath.

In position 2 (0 ± 15 °), the probe pulse is reflected in fiber mode from the perpendicular surface of the movable connector and returns to the splitter, forming a distinct reflection pulse on the OTDR diagram, which exactly corresponds to the location of the sensor on the sensor element of the system.

Retractable Sensor Option

Two optical connectors of the FC type are used with polishing of the end face of the APC type (with a polishing angle of about 8 degrees), one of which is made without a linear position lock (degree of freedom of movement along the axis of rotation).

The range of movement of the movable connector should be limited by latches, up to 2.5 mm relative to the initial position, in which the polishing planes are parallel and fit snugly against each other.

In position 1, the probe pulse is reflected in fiber mode from the perpendicular surface of the movable connector and returns to the splitter, forming a distinct reflection pulse on the OTDR diagram, which exactly corresponds to the location of the sensor on the sensor element of the system.

In position 2, due to the formed air gap, the probe pulse is reflected from the surface of the fixed connector at an angle of about 16 degrees and is absorbed by the fiber sheath, forming a distinct absence of a reflection pulse on the OTDR diagram, which corresponds in range to the location of the sensor on the sensor element of the system.

Thus, as can be seen from the above, when implementing the inventive method using the listed means, an increase in the reliability of the facility’s protection will be achieved.

The claimed invention is industrially applicable.

Claims (15)

1. The method of combined protection of the perimeter of an extended object, such as a railroad track, characterized in that it includes the implementation of at least two protection lines located on both sides mainly parallel to the railroad track and relative to each other, the method includes the following stages of the formation of boundaries: the device of the first boundary of protection - preventive, which is carried out through the formation of a trench in the ground, into which an extended sensitive element is laid, ying a fiber-optic cable; then they form the second line of protection - the perimeter boundary of the object, which is made in the form of a lattice fence, which is a single-row fence with a mesh fence on load-bearing racks installed in the ground, while a visor is installed on the fence, directed away from the road, and a spiral barrier a sensitive element of a fiber-optic vibration-seismic means for detecting the reflectometric principle is installed on the fence and the spiral safety barrier Procedure as a single-mode fiber-optic cable; the device of the third line of protection - the alarm, which is performed by forming inside the perimeter a trench in the ground, into which an extended sensitive element is laid, made in the form of the same fiber-optic cable; the device of the fourth line of protection, which is carried out directly along the outer sides of the roadbed at a distance of more than 1 m from the outer rail on each side, as well as in the interblow by forming trenches in the ground and laying in them long sensitive elements in the form of fiber optic cables; in addition, along the fence inside the perimeter there are means of television control, lighting, alarms and alarms. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the trenches for the first, third and fourth lines of protection are performed to a depth of 0.4 ÷ 1 m 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the trench for the first boundary is performed, for example, at a distance of 3 ÷ 40 m from the railway track or from the fence. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the racks of the fence are performed either with bases in the form of screw piles, or the bases of the racks are concreted in the ground. 5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the base in the form of screw piles are connected to the uprights by means of a threaded connection or welding. 6. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the base in the form of screw piles made in the form of one integral element. 7. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 4-6, characterized in that the racks are installed at intervals of, for example, 2 ÷ 5 m from each other. 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as a mesh cloth using a welded galvanized wire mesh type SSSP from wire with a diameter of 2-4 mm 9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as a spiral security barrier using reinforced barbed tape. 10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it includes the installation of optical sensors for alarm and ringing alarms, which are optical devices that change their reflectance depending on the position of the working body, which are used, in particular, position limit switches gates and gates, panic buttons, mechanism positions. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the sensors are installed in any desired location on the perimeter, and the optical sensor is connected to the sensing element using a two-way coupler with a luminous flux power branch ratio, for example, 99: 1 or 98: 2 relative to the initial radiation power at the output of the optical module, and the power control of the branches of the light flux is produced by changing the ratio of the degree of branching of the splitters. 12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the distance between the sensors along the fiber length is not less than 100 m 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that video cameras are used as a means of television monitoring, megaphones are used as an alert, and spotlights controlled by a security system are used as a lighting tool. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the second line of protection is provided with a means of repelling animals in the form of generators of repelling sounds with a built-in infrared sensor. 15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of anti-digging, the fence racks buried in the ground are joined together by a mesh web to a depth of 500 mm and fastened to the main fence web.

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