RU146606U1 - Small-sized thresher for threshing corn cobs in a wrapper - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A small-sized threshing machine for threshing corn ears in a wrapper, comprising a loading device, cylindrical and threshing drums, teeth, a metal rod, a reflector, a metal mesh, supporting posts and jumpers, a belt drive, an electric motor, a fan and a control panel, characterized in that the threshing the drum is made in the form of a U-shaped metal disk, in the upper part of which along the parabolic lines, four teeth are mounted with metal teeth 15 mm high with a pitch of 15 mm, with the center flax threshing drum portion vertically mounted metal sterzhen.2. A small-sized thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that on the surface of the cylindrical drum two horizontal grooves are cut parallel to each other, with teeth 15 mm high installed on the lower left part of the groove, directed upward along the surface of the cylindrical drum at an angle of 45 ° in increments 15 mm, and the same teeth are installed on the upper right part of the groove, directed downward at an angle of 45 ° along the surface of the cylindrical drum. 3. A small-sized thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that a sector cut is made in the bottom of the cylindrical drum equal to half the length of the horizontal groove, and a loading device is installed in the upper part of the cylindrical drum, made in the form of a truncated metal ball with an opening in the lower part, on the outside of the cylindrical drum, opposite the horizontal grooves, a reflector is attached, made in the form of a metal box with five guide walls, the lower wall inclined at an angle

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs.

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular, to machines for post-harvest processing of corn cobs and can be used to thresh wrapped corn cobs in farms and peasant farms.

The level of technology.

Currently existing corn threshers have low productivity, low efficiency of separation of the processed material into fractions, allow a high percentage of damage to corn grain. The use of seeds with injuries as the seed material leads to a decrease in yield and a significant shortage of grain, which results in large losses of the entire grain economy of the country. The effect of seed injuries on their productivity is especially pronounced in cold and wet spring conditions.

The main types of damage to the grain during the processing of corn are internal and external cracks (endosperm and embryo), rupture of the shell, separation of part of the endosperm or embryo or the entire embryo, etc.

Therefore, corn threshers must meet the following requirements:

- the degree of threshing of ears of corn should be maximum, and the number of under-threshed grains remaining on the rods, not more than 1.2% of the weight of the rods;

- the quality of threshing should be high, and the number of damage to grains the smallest (when threshing seed corn not more than 1.5%, and when threshing food-fodder corn not more than 2.5%) [1].

Proceeding from this, the development of new methods of post-harvest processing of corn, the improvement and implementation of new ones that surpass previous generations of machines that meet the requirements of the current level of development of equipment and technologies, become more relevant.

Known corn threshers "Red Aksai", BKM, MK-1100, ZKM-A, DMM-1, NKM, MKP-3, ShKG-4, MShK-5, MKP-12, DMK-1 [1].

A common drawback of these maize threshers is that during threshing, on the one hand, the ear is held by the deck, and on the other, it is carried away by the ribbed part of the drum, as a result of which the grains are separated from the core. However, when pulling the cobs into the working space between the drum and the deck, some parts of the grains are compressed, which leads to their damage. In addition, these threshers are not suitable for threshing ears in a wrapper.

Known corn thresher MKP-3.0, consisting of a feed conveyor, a threshing drum, a cylinder with holes, a conveyor for cobs, a sieve mill, a sleeve for removing light impurities, a grain auger, a fan and a grain elevator. The threshing drum consists of two discs mounted on a drive shaft. The disks are covered by a cylinder of sheet steel, above which four rows of spikes located along a helical line protrude. In the upper part of the cylinder, a window was made for feeding cobs, and on the side there was a hole for the passage of rods [2].

The disadvantage of this thresher is the presence of spikes located along a helical line, which leads to the occurrence of large shock loads, which entails the trauma and crushing of corn grains. This design is also not suitable for threshing corn ears in a wrapper and has high energy consumption.

Known thresher for seed corn, consisting of a loading conveyor, guide rollers, a pressing device, a slope plate, a threshing drum, an orienting roller, a deck, an inspection hatch, a fan, an outlet pipe, an adjustment flap, an aspiration column, a conveyor belt, a screen, a curtain, a screw auger [3].

The disadvantage of this thresher is the inability to thresh corn cobs of various moisture, unsuitable for threshing corn ears in a wrapper and have high energy consumption.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a threshing machine for threshing corn ears in a wrapper, consisting of a loading hopper with a shutter, a cylindrical drum with a protective casing and an unloading window with a gate, a threshing drum, a bevel gear, a telescopic driveshaft , an arm, support racks and jumpers, a conical discharge chute and a hitch system [4].

The disadvantage of this thresher is cumbersome, high metal consumption and high energy consumption.

To increase the efficiency of post-harvest processing of corn, maize threshers should ensure high-quality threshing of corn cobs in a wrapper at different moisture levels and low energy consumption.

Disclosures of a utility model.

The objective of the utility model is to improve the quality indicators of the operation of the maize thresher by providing optimal conditions for the operation of the thresher when threshing the ears of corn in the wrapper at different moisture levels and low energy consumption.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to improve the quality of threshing corn cobs in a wrapper at different moisture levels and low energy costs due to changes in the design of the corn thresher and the installation parameters of the teeth on the drum.

The technical result is achieved in that a small-sized thresher for threshing corn ears in a wrapper contains a loading device, a cylindrical drum with horizontal grooves, a threshing drum, teeth, a metal rod, a reflector, a metal mesh, support racks and jumpers, a belt drive, an electric motor, a fan, and a remote control management.

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The proposed design includes a threshing drum made in the form of the P-th metal disk, in the upper part of which, on parabolic lines, over four sections, metal teeth are installed with a height of 15 mm with a pitch of 15 mm, while a metal bar is vertically installed in the central part of the threshing drum and on the surface of the cylindrical drum two horizontal grooves are cut parallel to each other, with teeth 15 mm high mounted on the lower left part of the groove, directed upward along the surface of the cylindrical drum at an angle of 45 ° in increments of 15 mm, and from the upper right part of the groove the same teeth are installed, directed downward at an angle of 45 ° along the surface of the cylindrical drum.

A sector cut is made in the bottom of the cylindrical drum, equal to half the length of the horizontal groove, and a loading device is installed in the upper part of the cylindrical drum, made in the form of a truncated metal ball with an opening in the lower part, while a reflector is attached on the outside of the cylindrical drum opposite the horizontal grooves made in the form of a metal box with five guide walls, the lower wall inclined at an angle of 30 °.

Due to the optimal arrangement of the teeth on the threshing and cylindrical drums, the quality indicators of threshing the ears of corn in the wrapper with different moisture and low energy consumption are improved.

A brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 (a) shows a structural diagram of a small-sized thresher for threshing corn ears in a wrapper, FIG. 1 (b) shows a top view along the section Α-A, in FIG. 1 (c) shows a scan of the surface of a cylindrical drum.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the forces acting on corn grains during threshing.

Implementation of a utility model.

Depicted in FIG. 1 small-sized thresher for threshing corn cobs in a wrapper consists of a frame consisting of two pairs of L-shaped racks 1, made in the form of metal squares. The racks 1 in the upper part are interconnected by a metal sheet 2 by means of bolt connections (not shown in FIG.), And connected by jumpers 3 on the sides, and there is a gap between the right rack 1 and the metal sheet 2 (not numbered in Fig.). An electric motor 4 with a control panel 5 is attached to the upper part of the left rack 1. A drive belt pulley 7 and a fan 8 are attached to the shaft 6 of the electric motor 4 by means of a clutch 9. The drive pulley 7 is connected by a V-belt 10 with a driven pulley 11, rigidly attached to the bottom of the vertical a shaft 12 mounted in the housing of the thrust bearing 13. The housing of the thrust bearing 13 is attached to the metal sheet 2 by means of bolted connections (not shown in FIG.). The upper part of the vertical shaft 12 by means of a nut (not numbered in Fig.) Is connected to the threshing drum 14, made in the form of a U-shaped metal disk, placed inside the cylindrical drum 15 for rotation in a horizontal plane, and in the upper part of the threshing drum 14 in parabolic lines, over four sections mounted metal teeth 15 mm high with a pitch of 15 mm (Fig. 1, b), while in the Central part of the threshing drum 14 is vertically mounted metal rod 17. On the surface two horizontal grooves 18 and 19 of a width of 30 mm and a length of 325 mm, parallel to each other, are cut through the cylindrical drum 15, and teeth 20 with a height of 15 mm are installed from the lower left part of the groove 18, directed upward along the surface of the cylindrical drum 15 at an angle of 45 ° with a pitch of 15 mm, and from the right upper part of the groove 19, the same teeth 21 are installed directed downward at an angle of 45 ° along the surface of the cylindrical drum 15 (Fig. 1, c). The metal sheet 2 is attached to the housing of the cylindrical drum 15 and to the posts 1 by means of bolted connections (not shown in FIG.), Forming the bottom of the cylindrical drum 15.

In the bottom of the cylindrical drum 15 (below the horizontal groove 18), a sector cutout 22 is made equal to half the length of the horizontal groove 18, and a loading device 23 is installed in the upper part of the cylindrical drum 15, made in the form of a truncated metal ball with an opening 24 in the lower part, on the outside of the cylindrical drum 15 (opposite the horizontal grooves 18 and 19) a reflector 25 is attached, made in the form of a metal box with five guide walls, the lower wall inclined at an angle of 30 ° (in FIG. e shown).

The height of the teeth 16, 20 and 21 equal to 15 mm was adopted constructively to improve the process of separating corn grains from the rods depending on the size of the corn grains, to prevent the penetration of the teeth 16 into the corn rods and to reduce the excessive turning of the ears of corn.

The gap between the threshing drum 14 and the cylindrical drum 15 is taken structurally equal to 5 mm to improve the horizontal rotation of the threshing drum 14.

The dimensions of the horizontal grooves 18 and 19 are taken structurally equal: a width of 30 mm and a length of 325 mm to prevent clogging of the grooves 18 and 19 with rods and corn wrappers.

An unloading window was made on the side of the cylindrical drum 15 (not shown in FIG.) To extract clogged rods and corn wrappers. The unloading window is closed by a gate (not shown in Fig.).

Under the bottom of the cylindrical drum 15, a metal mesh 26 is installed to separate the corn grains from the rods and the wrapper.

Thresher works as follows.

The operator through the control panel 5 turns on the electric motor 4. The torque from the shaft 6 of the electric motor 4 through the drive pulley 7, the V-belt 10, the driven pulley 11 is transmitted to the vertical shaft 12, which drives the threshing drum 14 with a rotation speed of 700 min ^-1 .

After that, using a conveyor belt (not shown in Fig.) Or manually in the loading device 23 load the ears of corn in a wrapper, which along the side walls (in Fig. Not numbered) of the loading device 23 are moved down and through the hole 24 enter the central part of the threshing drum 14, filling the space inside the cylindrical drum 15.

The threshing process occurs due to the complex movement of the ears of corn. Ears of corn move along the surface of the threshing apparatus 14 along the teeth 16 along parabolic lines and relative to each other. In addition, in the rotational motion, the corn cobs rotate about their axis around a certain pole (i.e., the teeth 16 that cut the corn wrapper) and simultaneously rotate relative to each other due to the friction forces and the forces acting in engagement between the corn cobs and the metal rod 17. As a result of this, the corn cobs are threshed.

Thus, the portable movement is complex, which is a combination of the translational motion of the moving system together with the pole and the spherical movement around this pole. This spherical motion at any time can be considered as the rotation of a moving system with an angular velocity around the instantaneous axis passing through the pole.

On the face of each neighboring loaded grain, two forces act (P ₁ and P ₂ ), directed at angles α and φ to the vertical (Fig. 2). A diagram of the forces acting on corn grains during threshing is shown in FIG. 2.

The force P ₁ is the resultant friction force F, arising from the pressure of the mass G of the ears of corn and the friction force from the action of the Coriolis force F _to . The force P ₂ is the resultant centrifugal force and the weight of the cobs G:

Under the action of the total friction forces, the bond between the grain and the rod is destroyed in the longitudinal direction. The destruction of the grain leg is possible provided:

The value of 2α increases with decreasing number of rows of grains on the cob, and f decreases with decreasing moisture in the grain.

The direction of the centrifugal force P _e applied to the cob also affects the efficiency of threshing the ears of corn. As the corn cob moves to the edge of the threshing apparatus 14, the influence of centrifugal forces on the threshing increases significantly, while the threshing process intensifies if the centrifugal force acts on the ears above its center, which is ensured by the following conditions:

where r _n and d _n are, respectively, the radius and diameter of the ear of corn, m

Thus, subject to condition (4), the rolling friction of the cob is replaced by sliding friction on the surface, and some cobs can be pinched, which further intensifies the threshing process. These are the most favorable conditions for threshing corn cobs and it is necessary to strive to ensure that in this phase of the technological process the maximum amount of grain is grinded with minimal trauma.

Light corn-free kernels of corn are ejected from the surface of the threshing drum 14 by the action of centrifugal forces, while part of the corn rods and particles of wrappers move down the teeth 20 and are pushed out through the horizontal grooves 18 and 19 under the action of centrifugal forces and air flow, created by the fan 8. The other part of the corn kernels, which have passed the horizontal grooves 18 and 19, fall down along the teeth 21 and fall into the bulk of the ears of corn (which contributes to the intensification of the threshing process). The removed kernels of corn and particles of wrappers, falling on a metal mesh 26, are moved to the place of disposal.

Collapsed corn grains under the action of centrifugal forces move to the edge of the threshing apparatus 14 and through a sector cutout 22 fall on a metal mesh 25 and crumble down. Another part of the corn grains, flying out through the horizontal grooves 18 and 19, falling on the walls of the reflector 25, are sent to a metal mesh 26 and also show down.

The process of cleaning and sorting corn grains is similar to existing technologies.

The proposed design in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- high performance;

- the ability to thresh corn cobs in a wrapper at different moisture levels;

- minimizing the injury of corn grains when threshing the ears;

- significant energy savings;

- simplicity of design.

Information sources.

1. Kreimerman, G.I. Threshing corn cobs / G.I. Kraimerman. - M., 1966. - 104 p.

2. Karpenko, A.N. Agricultural machines / A.N. Karpenko, A.A. Zelenev. - M .: Kolos, 1965. - S.299-300.

3. Kurasov, B.C. Thresher for seed corn / B.C. Kurasov // Corn and sorghum. - 1998. - No. 6. - S.13-14.

4. Pat. 62769 Russian Federation, IPC A01F 11/06. Thresher for threshing corn ears in a wrapper / B.Kh. Zherukov, L.M. Khazhmetov et al. Applicant and patent holder of the Kabardino-Balkarian state. agricultural Academy. - No. 2006142715/22; declared 12/01/06; publ. 05/10/07, Bull. No. 13 - 2 pp .: ill.

Claims (3)

1. A small-sized threshing machine for threshing corn ears in a wrapper, comprising a loading device, cylindrical and threshing drums, teeth, a metal rod, a reflector, a metal mesh, supporting posts and jumpers, a belt drive, an electric motor, a fan and a control panel, characterized in that the threshing the drum is made in the form of a U-shaped metal disk, in the upper part of which along the parabolic lines, four teeth are mounted with metal teeth 15 mm high with a pitch of 15 mm, with the center flax threshing drum portion vertically mounted metal rod. 2. A small-sized thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that on the surface of the cylindrical drum two horizontal grooves are cut parallel to each other, and teeth 15 mm high are installed from the lower left part of the groove, directed upward along the surface of the cylindrical drum at an angle of 45 ° with a pitch of 15 mm, and from the upper right part of the groove the same teeth are installed, directed downward at an angle of 45 ° along the surface of the cylindrical drum. 3. A small-sized thresher according to claim 1, characterized in that a sector cut is made in the bottom of the cylindrical drum equal to half the length of the horizontal groove, and a loading device is installed in the upper part of the cylindrical drum, made in the form of a truncated metal ball with an opening in the lower part, this, on the outside of the cylindrical drum, opposite the horizontal grooves, a reflector is attached, made in the form of a metal box with five guide walls, the lower wall inclined at an angle of 30 ° .

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