RU2283577C1 - Feed grinder-mixer-dispenser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used in feed production and animal farming.

SUBSTANCE: feed grinder-mixer-dispenser has conical hopper mounted on mobile frame and provided with conical screw arranged within said hopper. Knives are mounted on conical screw. Dosing-grinding device positioned rearward of discharge opening in conical hopper wall is made in the form of rotor with vertical tubular shaft on which disks with cutting members are fixed, said cutting members protruding into conical hopper. Rotor is enclosed in housing with discharge window, which is closed with gate-type shutter and guiding shield, which are driven from single hydraulic cylinder. Spring-loaded shear plates are positioned in housing. Feed mixture is dispensed by means of cutting members provided on rotor, said cutting members being adapted for grasping and withdrawing of material particles from hopper.

EFFECT: reduced time for grinding of stalked feeds owing to availability of screw with knives and rotor with cutting members.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering for animal husbandry and feed production, in particular to grinder-mixers-distributors of feed.

Known shredders-mixers-feed distributors (brochures from Kuhn, Trioliet, Faresin, Mayer, Unifast Seko, Tatoma, etc.), including a hopper mounted on a mobile frame in the form of an inverted truncated cone, the bottom of which is made in the form of a circle, and the upper base is in the form of an elongated open ellipse. A screw is installed inside the hopper with a reduction in the diameter of the turns from the largest in the lower part to the smallest in the upper one. Knives are fixed on the auger turns. There is an unloading hole in the front or rear wall of the hopper, which is blocked by a shutter, under which a conveyor is installed, directing the feed to the feeder and to the aft buffet-type passage. The auger is driven from the tractor's PTO via a cardan gear and a two-stage bevel-helical gearbox.

The disadvantages of such devices are the high unevenness of the feed and the significant grinding time of the stalk feed, dramatically reducing their performance. In existing choppers-mixers-dispensers of feeds with a vertical hopper, the feed is unloaded from the hopper under the influence of gravity shedding, centrifugal forces imparted by the screw, and direct pushing of the feed by the lower turn of the screw and knives located in the area of the unloading window on the screw, and with the distribution of weakly chopped associated feed with low density, the latter component is predominant. Therefore, in order to achieve a more uniform unloading, it is necessary to increase the number of pushing effects on the feed per unit time, which can be achieved by increasing the speed of the screw.

The grinding time for stalk feed can also be reduced by increasing the speed of the screw. However, since the power required for the drive is directly proportional to the speed, it is limited by the power transmitted by the PTO of the energy tool.

To eliminate the above drawbacks, the hopper front wall with an offset from its longitudinal axis has an unloading hole, behind which a metering and grinding device in the form of a rotor with a vertically arranged tubular shaft and disks equipped with cutting elements that enter through the hole into the hopper is installed, and the rotor is covered a casing with spring-loaded contradictions and an unloading window blocked by a slide gate and a guide plate with a drive from one hydraulic cylinder, while the rotor drive is made of two high-speed with automatic change of speed depending on the position of the shutter to a smaller one when the window is open and to a larger one when the discharge window is closed, and the turns of the screw are made of two parts: the turns of the first central part of the screw with an outer diameter of 1 m adjacent to the tubular shaft are cylindrical and are located at an angle of 7 ... 13 ° to the horizontal, and the turns in the second conical part of the screw are located at an angle of 4 ... 7 ° to the horizontal, while the upper part of the screw is equipped with a vertical knife fixed to the shaft with an offset of its axis of rotation.

When the shutter is closed, the rotor, together with the counter-cutting knives, rotates the feed and returns it to the bunker of the mixer, which reduces the grinding time of the total feed mass in the bunker and, therefore, increases the performance of the chopper-mixer-feed distributor. In addition, under these conditions, it is possible to slightly reduce the speed of the conical screw, which leads to a decrease in the energy consumption of the technological process of the entire unit.

When the shutter is open, the particles of material captured by the rotor in the hopper are ejected from the casing without significant regrinding and sent to the feeding trough or to the den by the guide plate. Due to the forced capture and removal of material particles from the hopper by the cutting elements of the rotor of the material, the distribution of the feed mixture increases.

In Fig.1 shows a chopper-mixer-distributor of feed in front;

figure 2 is the same, a top view;

figure 3 and 4 - auger chopper-mixer-distributor of feed.

The chopper-mixer-distributor of feed includes a conical hopper 2 mounted on a mobile frame 1 in the form of an inverted truncated cone, the lower bottom of which is made in the form of a circle, and the upper base is in the form of an elongated open ellipse. A screw 3 is installed inside the hopper with a reduction in the diameter of the turns from the largest in the lower part to the smallest in the upper one. Knives are fixed on the turns of the screw 4. In the front wall of the hopper with an offset from its longitudinal axis there is a hole 5, behind which a metering and grinding device in the form of a rotor 6 with a vertically arranged tubular shaft 7 with disks 8 equipped with cutting elements 9. is installed. the hopper so that its cutting elements enter through the window into the hopper by several tens of millimeters, and the rotor itself is covered by a casing 10 with an unloading window 11, blocked by a slide gate 12 and above which a guide plate 13. is mounted When closed, the shield does not extend beyond the dimensions of the hopper. The damper is driven by the hydraulic cylinder 14. The same hydraulic cylinder rises or lowers the guide plate 13 through the "axis - inclined grooves" system.

At the end of the casing, in the direction of rotation of the rotor, spring-loaded opposing knives 15 are installed. The rotor drive is driven from the central counter-drive 16 through a V-belt or chain gear 17 and a bevel gear 18. To ensure optimal cutting speed during grinding and to reduce feed spray when feeding into the feeders, the rotor drive is made two-speed with automatic change of speed depending on the position of the shutter: smaller with the window open and larger with the discharge window closed.

When the shutter is closed, the rotor, when combined with the counter-cutting knives, rotates the feed and returns it to the bunker of the mixer, which reduces the grinding time of the total feed mass in the bunker and, therefore, increases the performance of the chopper-mixer-feed distributor.

When the shutter is open, the particles of material captured by the rotor in the hopper are ejected from the casing without significant regrinding and sent to the feeder with a shield. Due to the forced capture and removal of material particles from the hopper by the cutting elements of the rotor of the material, the distribution of the feed mixture increases. In addition, under these conditions, it is possible to slightly reduce the speed of the conical screw, which leads to a decrease in the energy consumption of the technological process of the entire unit.

However, at a rotational speed of less than 35 min ^-1 existing screws with a perpendicular arrangement of turns to the axis do not self-clean from feed at the end of unloading. Self-cleaning of the turns of the screw at a reduced frequency of rotation can be provided in cases where the turns are not perpendicular, but inclined to the axis of the screw. Since the centrifugal forces acting on the discharge of materials from the turns depend on their distance from the axis of rotation, the screw turns are made of two parts (Fig. 3): the first part of the turns 19 adjacent to the shaft with an outer diameter of 1 m is cylindrical and is located at an angle of 7-13 ° to the horizon. In the second conical part of the screw, the turns 20 are located at an angle of 4 ... 7 °. With this design, self-cleaning of all turns of the screw is ensured at rotation frequencies from 35 to 29 min ^-1 . In addition, to accelerate the preliminary destruction of coils and rectangular bales of roughage, the upper part of the screw is equipped with a vertical knife 21 fixed to the shaft with an offset relative to its rotation axis.

Chopper-mixer-distributor of feeds is as follows. Before loading the feed components into the hopper, close the discharge window shutter and turn on the PTO. Then feed the stalked feed in bulk or in compressed form. Pressed feed (rolls, large bales) initially hang on the screw and are gradually destroyed by a vertical knife into large parts, which, falling down, fall under the influence of horizontal auger knives and rotor knives. Without waiting for the complete grinding of the stalked feed, the unit moves to the following storages and is loaded with feed of a different kind. At the end of loading, the unit moves to the places of delivery, while the feed is mixed and finally crushed. When approaching the feeders, the driver opens the shutter of the discharge window and, moving along the feeders at the speed necessary to ensure a given rate of delivery, distributes feed mixtures. The rate of delivery of feed mixtures can also be changed by the value of the opening of the discharge window.

In comparison with the prototype, the proposed device allows to increase productivity by reducing the time of grinding stalk feed, to provide the required unevenness of the feed mixtures due to forced capture and removal of material particles from the hopper by the cutting elements of the rotor, to reduce energy consumption by reducing the speed of the conical screw and to reduce the number remaining in the hopper feed due to better self-cleaning auger turns.

Claims (2)

1. The chopper-mixer-distributor of feed, which includes a conical hopper mounted on a mobile frame, inside which a conical screw with knives is placed, characterized in that there is an unloading hole in the front wall of the hopper with an offset from its longitudinal axis, behind which there is a metering grinding device in the form of a rotor with a vertically arranged tubular shaft and disks equipped with cutting elements that enter through the hole into the hopper, and the rotor is covered by a casing with spring-loaded contradictions and an unloading window blocked by a slide gate valve and a guide plate with a drive from one hydraulic cylinder, while the rotor drive is made two-speed with automatic change of speed depending on the position of the shutter to a lower when the window is open and to a larger one when the discharge window is closed. 2. The chopper-mixer-distributor of feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the turns of the screw are made of two parts: the turns of the first central part of the screw with an outer diameter of 1 m adjacent to the tubular shaft are cylindrical and located at an angle of 7 ... 13 ° to the horizontal, and the turns in the second conical part of the screw are located at an angle of 4 ... 7 ° to the horizontal, while the upper part of the screw is equipped with a vertical knife attached to the shaft with an offset relative to its axis of rotation.

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