RU145268U1 - MACHINE FOR CLEANING AERODROME AND ROAD COVERINGS FROM ICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A machine for cleaning the airfield and road surface from ice, comprising a housing, chassis, heat sources and an electric power source connected by an electric cable to them, and a movement drive, characterized in that the heat sources are made in the form of microwave emitters, for example klystrons mounted on a heating plate in front of the body, the chassis of the machine is made in the form of a frame and several wheelsets, at least one of which is made leading, and one control, with the possibility of turning the wheels d To control the direction of travel. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating plate is made with the possibility of vertical movement. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating plate is rotatable. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating plate around the perimeter is equipped with flexible curtains. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that hot junctions of thermocouples are installed on the heating plate, and cold junctions of thermocouples are connected at the back of the case, interconnected and through the switch with electric wires. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric power source is made in the form of a diesel generator and an accumulator electric cable connected to it. A machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a displacement drive in the form of at least one electric motor connected by an electric cable through a switch to a diesel generator. The machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the electric motor is mechanically connected to one of the driving wheelsets through a gearbox and differential. The machine according to claim 7, from�

Description

The utility model relates to road engineering and can be used to clean ice from the runway of an airfield and roads.

A known machine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2486307, IPC E01H 5/10, publ. 06/27/2013. The ice and snow-ice deposits on the surface of the coating are cleaned by first exposing them to a vibratory roller for 1 ... 2 s and then mechanically cleaning them with a motor grader or bulldozer blade or an ice cleaver working body. The invention allows to reduce energy consumption when cleaning the road surface.

The disadvantage is the destruction of the coating.

A well-known machine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2307889, IPC E01H 5/10, publ. 10.10.2007, It contains a powerful source of infrared radiation in the optical transparency range of ice of 9.6-10.3 microns, emitted by a coherent generator of continuous radiation with a power of 240-270 kW / cm ² , unfocused beam with a diameter of approximately 5-8 cm, deployed in space, heats the surface of the airfield cover for a short period of time t equal to 0.01 s and destroys the adhesive bonds of the ice formation, which are then removed mechanically to prevent subsequent freezing. Achieved high-quality separation of snow-ice formations from the cover, ensuring trouble-free operation of vehicles.

The disadvantage is large electricity consumption.

A known machine for cleaning ice according to A. St. USSR for the invention No. 1481316 IPC E01H 5/10, publ. 05/23/1989 This machine contains a dual-circuit turbofan engine with a high-temperature nozzle placed coaxially inside the low-temperature nozzle. Flows of gases of different temperatures are directed to the lattice of gas deflecting blades. Part of the low-temperature flow is directed past the zone of influence of the high-temperature flow on the surface being cleaned. This creates a layer in the form of an air stream of intermediate temperature, separating the high-temperature gas stream from atmospheric air.

The disadvantage is large heat dissipation with air flow.

A well-known machine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2205918, IPC E015 / 10, publ. 06/10/2003 g, prototype. This machine includes a self-propelled chassis with a power frame with the possibility of vertical movement, as well as nozzle nozzles.

The emitter is made of a set of gas burners of infrared radiation. A self-propelled chassis has a gas storage tank, an evaporator, an internal combustion engine, a cold air flow generator, under which a casing is mounted, on the outside of which there are infrared gas burners. The use of an internal combustion engine, as well as a generator of a cold air stream and a casing, on the external side of which there are gas burners of infrared radiation, allows heating the air to the optimum temperature, which facilitates the rapid separation of ice and drying without overheating of the coating surface.

Signs common to the prototype and the proposed technical solution: chassis, sources of thermal energy and a source of electricity connected by an electric cable to them and drive movement

The disadvantage is the shallow depth of heating of airfield and road surfaces and the duration of the cleaning process.

The tasks of creating a utility model increase the speed of cleaning the airfield and pavement from ice.

Achieved technical result: increasing the depth of heating of the coating, and improving the environmental properties of the machine.

The solution of these problems was achieved in an asphalt pavement repair machine, comprising a housing, chassis, heat sources and an electric power source connected by an electric cable to them and a movement drive, characterized in that the heat sources are made in the form of microwave emitters, for example, magnetrons mounted on a heating plate in front of the body, the chassis of the machine is made in the form of a frame and several wheelsets, at least one of which is made leading, and one control, with possibly the rotation of the wheels to control the direction of movement .. The heating plate can be made with the possibility of vertical movement. The heating plate may be rotatable. The perimeter heating plate can be equipped with flexible curtains. Hot thermocouple junctions can be installed on the heating plate, and “cold” thermocouple junctions connected to each other and through the switch with electric wires to the battery can be installed on the back of the case. The electric power source can be made in the form of a diesel generator and an electric battery cable connected to it. The machine may be equipped with a displacement drive in the form of at least one electric motor connected by an electric cable through a switch to a diesel generator.

The electric motor can be mechanically connected through a gearbox and differential to one of the drive wheelsets. A machine may comprise at least one pair of electric motors mechanically coupled to a drive wheel pair.

The rationale for the use of microwave heating of asphalt.

The development of powerful magnetrons and scientific studies of the effects of microwave energy on various materials have opened up broad prospects for the industrial application of microwave technology and technology. More recently, microwave heating did not attract Russian investors too much. However, the rapid increase in energy costs, energy costs, and stricter environmental requirements are gradually changing the situation.

An important role is played by such characteristics as process efficiency, automation capability and high product quality. There are prospects for the introduction of microwave heating and drying in other industries: pharmaceutical industry, wood processing and agriculture. The use of fast heating technology in canteens, hospitals, schools, etc., is expanding; the widespread use of microwave ovens in everyday life is known. The effect of microwave heating is based on the absorption of electromagnetic energy in dielectrics. Microwave fields penetrate to a considerable depth, which depends on the properties of the materials. Interacting with matter at the atomic and molecular levels, these fields affect the movement of electrons, which leads to the conversion of microwave energy into heat. Microwave energy is a very convenient heat source, which in some applications has undoubted advantages over other sources. It does not introduce pollution during heating; when using it, there are no combustion products. In addition, the ease with which microwave energy is converted into heat makes it possible to obtain very high heating rates, without destroying thermomechanical stresses in the material. The generator equipment is fully electronic and operates almost inertialess, so that the microwave power level and the moment of its supply can be instantly changed. The combination of microwave heating with other heating methods (steam, hot air, infrared radiation, etc.) makes it possible to design equipment to perform various functions, i.e. Microwave heating allows you to create new technological processes, increase their productivity and improve product quality. For a correct assessment of the applicability of microwave energy in special processes, a detailed knowledge of the properties of the material at various frequencies and at all stages of the process is required. The absorbed power and the depth to which this power penetrates are determined by three factors: dielectric constant, frequency and geometry of the microwave system. Under the penetration depth in microwave energy, we mean the distance at which the power density decreases to 37% of the value on the surface, i.e. in other words, 63% of the initial energy of an electromagnetic wave is absorbed in the material and converted into heat.

Industrial magnetrons

Magnetrons and klystrons are used as high-power generators. Due to its higher efficiency, power below 50 kW is dominated by magnetrons. Most often, two frequencies are used - 915 and 2450 MHz. Since the frequency of 915 MHz may not be used in all cases, the frequency of 2450 MHz is usually considered optimal in international practice. Modern Russian magnetrons manufactured by NPP Magratep CJSC, in comparison with foreign devices. The M-116-100 magnetron is used in installations for defrosting fish, softening rocks and in other cases where an increased depth of penetration into the material is required.

The world's only magnetron M-137 with a power of 50 kW at a frequency of 433 MHz was successfully used in experimental installations for softening the soil in Yakutia. Such a low operating frequency provides the required depth of penetration of microwaves into frozen rocks. The 5 kW magnetron M-168 is widely used in installations for rubberizing cables, vulcanizing rubber parts, and polymerising plastic.

Microwave Processing Plants

Microwave energy heating processes are divided into two groups: continuous processes and batch processing. In continuous processes, such as on a conveyor belt, the "raw" material continuously passes through the processing zone, while the load at the output of the microwave generator remains virtually unchanged. When processing in batches, the heated material is in the treatment zone until the required temperature is reached, therefore, with a change in temperature, the dielectric constant and loss coefficient change significantly. This leads to a change in load (and over a wide range.) In this case, preference is given to magnetrons.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1 ... 14, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a machine,

in FIG. 2 shows a plan view,

in FIG. 3 shows a view of a raised heating plate,

in FIG. 4 shows the steering gear

in FIG. 5 shows the roller and its attachment to the body,

in FIG. 6 shows the electrical circuit of the device,

in FIG. 7 shows a variant of the electrical circuit with the return of part of the energy,

in FIG. 8 shows a magnetron M116-100,

in FIG. 9 shows a magnetron M 137,

in FIG. 10 shows a diagram of the installation of magnetrons on a heating plate,

in FIG. 11 - waveguide design,

in FIG. 12 shows the design of a waveguide with a sleeve,

in FIG. 13 shows a temperature control circuit in an asphalt heating zone,

in FIG. 14 shows a control circuit for the gap between the heating plate and the coating.

The design of the ice cleaning machine is shown in FIG. 1 ... 14 and contains a housing 1, a running gear 2, sources of thermal energy in the form of microwave emitters 3, for example magnetrons or klystrons, mounted on a heating stove 4 and an electric power source 5 connected by an electric cable 6 through a switch 7 and a transformer 8 to it. Other microwave generators can also be used: traveling wave tubes (TWTs), flat vacuum triodes, and Gunn diode generators.

The heating plate 4 is made of a metal rectangular shape. Heating plate metal: steel or cast iron or aluminum alloys. Microwave emitters 3 are placed on the upper surface of the heating plate 4 evenly, for example in rows or in a checkerboard pattern. The heating plate can be equipped at the bottom along the perimeter with flexible screens 9 (refractory cloth or brush seal) to prevent heat loss.

The heating plate 4 is installed and fixed in front of the housing 1 in a horizontal position. The heating plate 4 can be moved vertically, for its installation as close to the asphalt road and rotated about the axis 10 for transportation.

The undercarriage 2 may have several bridges, but at least two, at least one of which, for example, the rear axle is made leading 11, and the other steering 12 with the ability to rotate the wheels 13 to control the direction of movement of the machine during operation and transportation to the place of work (Fig. 1).

The power source 5 (Fig. 2, 3) can be made in the form of a diesel generator 14 and a battery 15. The diesel generator 14 contains a diesel 16 and a generator 17 connected by a shaft 18. The main switch 19 is included in the power supply system for switching from the generator 17 on the battery 15 and the inclusion of specific energy consumers. The output from the generator 17 with an electric cable 6 is connected to the entrance to the main switch 19. All energy consumers are connected to the outputs from the main switch 19, including microwave radiation sources 3 (magnetrons or klystrons) and a motion drive 20, if it is made electric, for example , in the form of an electric motor. It is possible to use 20 internal combustion engines as a motion drive.

The lifting circuit of the heating plate 4 for driving the machine to the place of work is shown in FIG. four.

The control bridge 12 has a steering system 21 (Fig. 5), which, in addition to the wheels 13, includes a steering rod 22, hinges 23, a lever 24 fixed to an axis 25, rigidly connected to the housing 1 and the steering cylinder 26 with a piston 27 and a rod 28 connected pipelines 29 and 30 with a hydraulic distributor 31. In addition, the system includes a hydraulic pump 32, the input of which is connected by a pipe 33 to the oil tank 34, and the output - by a pipe 35 - with the hydraulic pump 31. The steering system 21 has a rotation controller 36 and a rotation sensor 37 mounted on steering column 38 on which is mounted about the steering wheel 39. The rotation sensor 37 is connected by electrical connection 40 to the input to the rotation controller 36, and the output from the rotation controller 36 is connected by electrical connection 40 to the control valve 31.

The machine is equipped with a drive 20. Drive 20, as previously mentioned, can be made in the form of an electric motor connected by an electric cable 6 to the generator 16 and mechanically connected by a shaft 41 through a gearbox 42 (gear box) and differential 43 with one of the drive axles 11.

On the housing 1, a cabin 44 is installed. (Fig. 1) to accommodate the driver during operation and driving the car. If a commercially available converted truck is used as a machine, then cab 44 and almost all control and driving systems remain unchanged.

A simplified circuit diagram of a coating cleaning machine is shown in FIG. 6.

A variant of the electrical circuit of the machine with heat recovery (Fig. 7). In this case, the power supply circuit further comprises “hot” 45 and “cold” junctions 46 connected by wires 47 through a converter 48 (designed to match the voltages of the thermionic generator and battery 15) with the main switch 19 to recharge the battery 15.

In FIG. 8 and 9 show magnetrons M115-100 and M 137, respectively.

In FIG. 10 ... 12 show the installation diagrams of microwave emitters 3 on the plate 4. For this purpose, through holes 49 are made in the plate 4, into which microwave generators 3 are inserted. Conical waveguides 50 having flanges 51 with through holes 52 for bolts are attached to the bottom of the heating plate 4 53 (Fig. 10 ... 12). Possible execution of the waveguide with a sleeve 54 welded to the heating plate 4 (Fig. 12). In this case, the heating plate 4 can be made much thinner (in the form of a sheet). This will reduce the weight of the machine.

In the electrical circuit of the machine, temperature control sensors under the heating plate and sensors for measuring the distance between the heating plate and the asphalt surface can be provided. In FIG. 13 shows a control circuit and automatic temperature control in the asphalt heating zone. This system contains at least one temperature sensor 55 connected by electrical connection 56 to the switch 8.

In FIG. 14 shows a control circuit for the clearance h between the heating plate 4 and the coating 60. This circuit includes a clearance control sensor 57 connected by an electrical connection 56 to a control unit 58, which is connected by an electrical connection 56 to the displacement drive 59.

The machine is designed to clean the surface 60 of ice and snow. (Fig. 14)

The machine operates as follows.

The machine (Fig. 1 ... 14) is installed on the surface to be cleaned and includes a diesel generator 18. From the generator 16 through the transformer 7 and the switch 8 via an electric cable 6, the voltage is supplied to the microwave emitters 3. The radiation heats the asphalt coating 42 to a depth of 10-20 see and melts ice and snow. At the same time, the voltage through the electric cable 6 is supplied to the drive 20, which through the shaft 41, gear 42 and differential 43 transmits the moment to the drive axle 11.

In the case of applying the scheme with the utilization of part of the heat (Fig. 7), the thermocouples of the “hot” junctions 45 are placed on the heating plate 4, and the thermocouples of the “cold” junctions 46 are placed on the back of the housing 3. The generated EMF creates an additional current, which is transmitted through electric wires 47 first it enters the converter 48, and then through the main switch 19 to the battery 15 for recharging it or directly through the switch 7 and the transformer 8 to the microwave emitters 3. This significantly increases the efficiency of the machine.

Indicative characteristics of the machine:

Carrying capacity 7 ... 7 t Diesel generator power 100 ... 150 kW Voltage 220 or 380 V Current frequency 50 Hz Power of one magnetron 5 kw The number of magnetrons 20 ... 30 Coating Cleaning Speed 5 ... 7 km / h.

Application of the utility model allowed:

- design and quickly make a car for cleaning the airfield and pavement on the basis of any mass-produced truck,

- increase the speed of ice removal of concrete and asphalt pavement to 5 ... 7 km / h or more,

- to ensure heating of the coating to a considerable depth, thereby less frequently to clean it,

- reduce the cost of energy and fuel for heating the coating,

- to ensure the environmental friendliness of the process of cleaning from ice coatings, eliminating the impact of repairs on the environment due to the absence of open flame and the exclusion of burning components of the coating, for example, asphalt

- reduce the weight of the machine,

- ensure the safety and comfort of the road workers.

Claims (9)

1. A machine for cleaning the airfield and road surface from ice, comprising a housing, chassis, heat sources and an electric power source connected by an electric cable to them, and a movement drive, characterized in that the heat sources are made in the form of microwave emitters, for example klystrons mounted on a heating plate in front of the body, the chassis of the machine is made in the form of a frame and several wheelsets, at least one of which is made leading, and one control, with the possibility of turning the wheels d To control the direction of travel. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating plate is made with the possibility of vertical movement. 3. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating plate is rotatable. 4. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating plate around the perimeter is equipped with flexible curtains. 5. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that hot junctions of thermocouples are installed on the heating plate, and cold junctions of thermocouples connected to each other and through a switch by electric wires are installed on the back of the case. 6. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the source of electricity is made in the form of a diesel generator and connected to it by an electric battery cable. 7. The machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a displacement drive in the form of at least one electric motor connected by an electric cable through a switch to a diesel generator. 8. The machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the electric motor is mechanically connected through a gearbox and differential to one of the drive wheelsets. 9. The machine according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains at least one pair of electric motors, mechanically connected to the drive wheelset.