RU144487U1 - DEVICE FOR INTERRUPTED SEED SEEDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for sowing contains containers for seed, a shaft with sowing devices, seed tubes and coulters. For intermittent seeding in a row (or strip), a ratchet mechanism with an adjustable number of stops is built into the drive from the wheels (or rollers). Using the utility model will improve the efficiency of modernization of sowing machines. 1 s.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

It is known that the productivity of cereal crops depends on the uniform distribution of seeds over the field area, with which the supply of plants with sunlight, atmospheric and soil nutrition is substantially related, and, ultimately, the effectiveness of the cultivation technologies used and the yield of crops.

The best results were obtained with narrow-row sowing of cereals (row spacing 7.5 cm, for example), while ensuring a high level of uniformity of seed distribution over the area. However, with narrow-row sowing, the complication of sowing machines is inevitable, which means their cost and decrease in reliability in operation.

Recently, the intra-soil spread method of sowing grain crops has gained considerable popularity. For its implementation, for example, paw openers are used, and sowing machines are relatively simple and reliable in operation. This provides the opportunity for the most uniform distribution of seeds on the surface of the field ...

But the uniform distribution of seeds on the sown area is not the only parameter that determines the productivity of plants depending on their location on the field surface.

For over 100 years, the method of sowing cereals I.E. Ovsinsky, based on a system of farming with self-regulation of plants during sowing in accordance with the principle of "densely empty": "... plants in order to produce a large crop must grow very dense, and, from the sides, have free space ..." / 1 /. In such crops, plants are forced to engage in intraspecific struggle, while having an abundance of light and nutrition at the same time. Sowing of grain was carried out to a depth of about 5 cm with ribbons about 30 cm wide on the moist base of the capillary layer of the soil, alternating them with unseeded strips of the same width. At the same time, sowing was carried out in a row-wise manner, with six rows in each ribbon. Unplated strips were treated with horse weeds 2-3 times until the grains on the seeded strips grow and darken in the unplated stripe, which, in turn, makes it possible to suppress weed growth and is equivalent to the harrowing effect.

This method then allowed (at the end of the 19th century) the germination of seeds without rain on the 6th day, the accelerated development of grain by 2 weeks and an increase in yield up to 2 times.

Returning to the placement of seeds by area, we note that I.E. Ovsinsky's requirement of uniformity is taken into account (in sowed tapes), and is supplemented by the need to arrange near the plants free space of non-sown strips with their light and nutrition resources to obtain a large crop.

However, in modern conditions of agricultural production, the implementation of this method of sowing grain with existing technical means is difficult due to changes in standards. In particular, the width of non-sown strips (30 cm) is already insufficient for mechanized weeding, and the row spacing even with narrow-row sowing is greater than I.E. Ovsinsky (for example, 7.5 cm - instead of 6 cm).

But now a similar sowing pattern is in principle feasible if the non-sown strips are formed by mutually coordinated gap in the sown rows or strips / 2 /. In this case, the problem of weed control is solved, in particular, by reducing the width of the gaps between the sown strips to a value when the weeds are fully darkened by grain, creating the effect of harrowing, and there is no need for additional processing, and the loss of part of the free space is compensated by mutually coordinated gaps in the sown rows or bands / Fig. 1, Fig. 2 /. The technical implementation of the method is carried out by front seeding devices with coils of a special design while providing the sowing device with the mutually coordinated operation of the sowing devices, other units and parts of the sowing machine.

A disadvantage of the known metering device adopted as a prototype is the design complexity. In particular, the use of non-standard sowing coils and the lack of front sowing devices on the market for spare parts of domestic sowing machines cast doubt on the profitability of their modernization under intermittent sowing.

The main task solved by the claimed utility model is to resolve the contradiction between the need to place seeds over an area that provides the most favorable conditions for the growth of crops and suppresses the growth of weeds, and the possibility of effective technical implementation.

The technical result of the utility model is to simplify the design of the sowing device of sowing machines for the implementation of intermittent sowing of seeds of grain crops.

This technical result is achieved in that the interruption of the sowing of grain seeds is carried out with a ratchet mechanism with shutdowns built into the drive from the wheels (or rollers) on the shaft of the sowing devices. In this case, the ratchet mechanism is placed with the transmission of rotation directly from it to the sowing shaft, or to the drive universal joint.

In addition, the vas deferens are made in the form of flexible elastic tubes with a smooth inner surface.

The implementation of the method and device shown in the drawings:

In FIG. 1-2 are examples of seed placement patterns (plan view);

In FIG. 3-4 shows an example of the design of the ratchet mechanism with stops / 3 /.

A ratchet wheel 3 is fixed with a key 2 on the metering shaft 1 (or on the drive cardan shaft), a chain sprocket 4 is mounted on its sleeve with the possibility of free rotation, fixed by a sleeve 11. On the cheek 5, rigidly attached to the sprocket 4, the dog 7 is pivotally attached (Figure 3).

Entering under the action of the spring 8 into engagement with the ratchet wheel 3, the dog 7 rotates the shaft 1 (Figure 4).

Having come in contact with the fixed fingers 9 installed in the holes of the fixed flange 10, the dog 7 is disconnected from the ratchet wheel 3, as a result of which the shaft 1 remains stationary all the while the shank of the dog 7 slides on the fingers 9.

By rearranging fingers 9 in the holes on the fixed flange 10, the required stops of the mechanism can be set.

In this case, the sowing device may contain, in particular, containers for seed, one (or several) shafts with sowing devices connected to the seed ducts and openers (not shown in the diagrams).

The gear ratios of the drive from the wheels (or rollers) of the sowing machine (not shown in the diagrams) with the built-in ratchet mechanism with an adjustable number of stops provide the required intermittent rotation of the sowing shaft in accordance with the implemented scheme of seed placement, setting the required sowing rate.

An example implementation of the method of sowing.

To obtain the required seeding rate (wheat, rye or spelled, triticale), they are selected according to a special diagram, for example, and taking into account non-sowing strip breaks, the necessary gear ratio of the drive and the length of the sowing coils are established in the usual manner. When the sowing machine moves, the rotation of the wheels (or rollers) through the drive with a built-in ratchet mechanism is transmitted to the sowing shaft, providing rotation of the shaft with stops in accordance with the setting of the ratchet mechanism. Through the vas deferens, the seeds enter the coulters and are embedded in the soil in accordance with the scheme of seed placement (Figure 2).

Moreover, the execution of the vas deferens in the form of flexible elastic tubes with a smooth inner surface contributes to the constancy of the speed of passage of seeds and interruption of the flow of seeds during stopping rotation of the sowing shaft.

The effectiveness of technical implementation is achieved, in particular, by the relative simplification of the modernization of serial sowing machines.

Reducing the non-sowing gaps between sowing strips (or tapes) with compensation for the loss of part of the free space by mutually coordinated gaps in the sowing tapes or strips while maintaining the conditions of manifestation of the “thick-empty” effect (according to Ovsinsky) can provide normal shading of soil and weed seedlings between cultivated plants. At the same time, additional resources of sunlight and nutrition of cereals arise, contributing to a reduction in ripening time, increased resistance to lodging (and disease), yield and grain quality.

Information sources

1. Ovsinsky I.E. New farming system. - Kiev, type. S.V. Kulzhenko, 1899

2. RF patent №2322782 C2, АСС 7/00 (2006.01), 2006

3. Artobolevsky I.I. Mechanisms in modern technology: a reference guide. In 7 volumes. T.IV: Toothed gears. - 2nd ed., Revised. -M .: Science. The main edition of the physical and mathematical literature, 1980. - 592 p.

Claims (2)

1. A device for sowing crops, containing containers for seed, a shaft with sowing devices connected to the seed ducts and openers, in which for intermittent sowing of seeds in the drive from the wheels or rollers a ratchet mechanism with an adjustable number of stops with the transmission of rotation from it to driveshaft or directly on a sowing shaft. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vas deferens are made in the form of flexible elastic tubes with a smooth inner surface.