RU13907U1 - LARGE-PANEL RESIDENTIAL HOUSE AND WALL PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

Large-panel residential building and wall panel

A large-panel residential building contains at least one block consisting of at least two residential sections and a staircase and / or staircase elevator, a socle panel, ceilings, internal and external walls, and utilities. At least a part of the exterior wall panels is made of hollow small-sized expanded clay-concrete or gas-concrete elements interconnected. Some of the floor panels have a curved shape around the perimeter.

ESSAY

Description

LARGE-PANEL RESIDENTIAL HOUSE AND WALL PANEL

The present invention relates to the construction and can be used in the construction of multi-storey large-panel residential buildings.

The concept of large-panel housing construction is based on the factory manufacturing of house structures and their installation at the construction site in any weather conditions with a small number of employees. The famous large-panel house (V. A. Vorobyov “Building materials, ed.“ Higher school, Moscow, 1967, p. 422-423), containing panels of the basement, ceilings, internal and external walls and utilities. The main element of installation is a flat reinforced concrete panel, as a rule, the size corresponding to the width or length of the room, so the house looks like a rectangular box of various floors, which dramatically reduces the possibility of its architectural design.

The external wall panels of the famous large-panel house are three-layer panels consisting of two thin external layers made of structural material, between which the middle inner layer is placed, which performs heat and sound insulation functions. For the middle layer, an effective insulation is used, made of polystyrene foam or in the form of mineral wool boards with a chemical binder. Such panels create problems with fire safety and worsen the performance of buildings with their relatively low environmental characteristics. When using such panels, it is important to seal the joints of the panels with each other and with the building frame. Horizontal and vertical seams between the panels must be sealed in order to protect the structure from moisture vapor penetrating into it, since the moisture passing through the joint moistens the insulation layer of the panel, spoils the interior decoration and causes corrosion of embedded parts to which the panels are attached. In addition, heat leakage occurs in the joints of the exterior wall panels and, in many cases, the walls leak, which leads to increased energy costs for heat supply and high overall operating costs for maintaining the house.

Known supporting hollow wall panel, which is used in the construction of different purpose buildings (copyright certificate of Bulgaria No. 44150, MKI: Е04В 1/04). It provides various design of architectural volumes and structural design of buildings with unified elements: Е04Н 1/00

tami. Installation allows the use of walls in combination with various types of ceilings, including monolithic. The wall consists of bearing hollow panels located one next to the other and one above the other, connected by an internal supporting frame. In part of the cavities of the panels located one above the other, nipples are mounted and installation channels are continuous in height. The nipples have a cylindrical body and articulated support elements used during installation. Hollow core panels may have inclined or through cavities.

The disadvantages of such a supporting hollow panel are: the complexity of its manufacture and the possibility of using it only as load-bearing internal walls due to low heat and sound insulation characteristics.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the cost of construction and use for the construction of the outer walls of fireproof and environmentally friendly materials while providing a variety of architectural and planning solutions for residential buildings with an increase in the comfort of living rooms.

The problem is solved in that in a large-panel residential building containing at least one block, consisting of at least two sections and a staircase and / or staircase elevator assembly, basement panel, floors, internal and external walls, and utilities, according to the invention at least part of the exterior wall panels is made of hollow small-sized expanded clay-concrete or gas-concrete elements interconnected. The panels on the outside of the house may have a protective layer of brick or water-repellent plaster with a fiberglass mesh. Part of the floor panels can be curved around the perimeter, and it is more advisable to arrange the panels of the internal walls relative to each other at a distance of essentially 4.5 and 3 m.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the wall panel having voids, according to the invention, is made of hollow small-sized expanded clay-concrete or gas-concrete elements interconnected.

In the future, the invention is illustrated by a specific example of its implementation and the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 depicts options for blocks of a large-panel house;

fig.Z is a fragment of the facade of small-piece elements.

The large-panel residential building is multi-storey, for example, in the form of a single block 1, which contains residential sections 2, 3 and a staircase and elevator assembly 4. The residential sections 2, 3 have panels of the inner walls 5 and outer walls 6, as well as floor panels 7. Bearing transverse internal walls 5 are installed relative to each other at a distance equal to essentially 4.5 or 3 m. This installation of internal walls makes it possible to perform the main rooms of residential sections 2, 3 with a width of 4.5 m, which allows you to create large rooms. The main supporting structures are made in panels.

Part of the panels of the outer walls 6 is made of expanded clay concrete or gas concrete small-sized elements 8 (Fig. 2) with voids 9. Elements 8 are blocks, for example, 590x90x188 mm., Which are interconnected, for example, using cement sand solution. Gas-concrete elements are obtained by introducing chemicals into the concrete mixture, for example aluminum powder, which causes gas expansion of concrete. Each such panel can have, for example, a thickness of 620 mm and be assembled from two rows of expanded clay concrete elements, in one of which the elements 8 are laid longitudinally, and in the other transversely. The panels of the outer walls 6 on the outside of the house can be protected by a layer of water-repellent plaster 10 (Fig. 2, 3) or a layer of brick.

The proposed design of the outer walls 6 using lightweight hollow heat-insulating elements 8 does not require additional insulation (wall without mineral wool and polystyrene foam), completely fireproof and environmentally friendly (there is no insulation including chemicals). In addition, such walls are cheaper than panel, as well as others, using effective heaters. The combination of external walls from large panels and small-sized elements makes it possible to obtain the architectural diversity of houses without making a significant fleet of external wall forms and use factory structures to install the main part of the house without changes.

The implementation of the panels of the outer walls 6 of small-sized elements allows part of the floor panels 7 to be performed with a curvilinear shape along their perimeter, as shown in figa. Such panels provide the possibility of floor-based support of the walls of small-piece elements. Thanks to their implementation, it became possible to change the architectural appearance of large-panel houses:

create complex facades, including curved walls, bay windows, rounded corners and other architectural forms (Fig. 3). In addition, the designs provide the possibility of transportation both by road and by rail.

Thus, the use of the proposed universal range of panels allows you to build a conventional large-panel house with external walls made of small pieces, build a large-panel house, some of the external walls of which are made in panels, and some of small-sized elements, and build a large-panel house with external walls of small-sized elements.

Claims (7)

1. A large-panel residential building comprising at least one block consisting of at least two residential sections and a staircase and / or staircase elevator unit, a socle panel, ceilings, internal and external walls, and utilities, characterized in that at least part of the exterior wall panels is made of hollow small-sized expanded clay concrete or aerated concrete elements interconnected.  2. The house according to claim 1, characterized in that the panels of the outer walls on the outside of the house have a protective layer of brick or water-repellent plaster with a fiberglass mesh.  3. A house according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the expanded clay or aerated concrete small-sized elements are blocks measuring 590 · 90 · 188 mm.  4. A house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the small-piece elements are interconnected by a cement-sand mortar.  5. A house according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that part of the floor panels have a curved shape around the perimeter.  6. A house according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the panels of the internal walls are located relative to each other at a distance of 4.5 and 3 m. 7. Wall panel having voids, characterized in that it is made of hollow small-sized expanded clay concrete or aerated concrete elements interconnected.