RU138321U1 - EXPLOSION DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

A device consisting of a housing, an explosive, a steel lining of a cumulative cavity, an ignition slot, a detonator capsule, an intermediate detonator and legs, characterized in that the destruction means are made on the basis of a liquid explosive in combination with surface-active components and a set of packaging plastic containers with a high-strength flanging jacket made of composite material and a copper tantalum lining of the cumulative cavity, providing the formation of a directional shock cores for the development of solid soils and rocks or the destruction of weapons and military equipment, while the ignition socket with a detonator capsule and an intermediate detonator includes a hermetic closure made of film material, fixed in the tank filler neck with a cap with a threaded connection.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of military affairs and can be used to solve the problems of engineering support for military operations of military units in special conditions, for the development of solid (frozen) soils and rocks during the construction of fortifications, preparing and maintaining traffic routes, building and destroying obstacles, and can also be used as mine-explosive barrage and for other purposes.

A device for a motor-perforator for drilling boreholes is known - an analogue (Book "Machines of Engineering Weapons". Part 2, VIA Edition, Moscow, 1960, p. 463, 464), consisting of a gasoline engine, a single-stage gearbox and a rotary shock mechanism with a cylinder , piston, brisk, sleeves, ratchets and a drill.

The disadvantages of this technical device are the high complexity and low productivity when used in the production process of drilling and blasting.

A device of cumulative concentrated charge KZ-2 is known, a prototype (Book "Guide to demolition work", Military Publishing, M., 1969, pp. 23-35), consisting of a metal case, explosive, steel lining of the cumulative cavity, intermediate a detonator, an ignition socket with a stopper, a detonator capsule, folding legs and a carrying handle.

The disadvantages of such a technical device, focused on the use of traditional blasting technologies of the 60s-80s of the last century, which are currently significantly outdated and do not fully comply with modern requirements for tactics - technical characteristics, ease of use, safety, cost and environmental friendliness.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the tactical and technical characteristics and the efficiency of the development of solid soils and rocks in solving complex tasks of engineering support for military operations of military units, with the fortification equipment of lines, positions and areas of their location, in the preparation and maintenance of traffic routes, including including through water barriers in winter, the construction and destruction of obstacles, the installation of mine-explosive barriers, as well as for the production of such work in the shortest possible time e terms with the involvement of a minimum amount of manpower and resources, cost reduction and environmental safety.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the proposed technical solution, the destruction means are made on the basis of liquid explosives in combination with surface-active components and a set of plastic packaging containers with a high-strength flanging jacket made of composite material and a copper-tantalum lining of the cumulative cavity, which ensure the formation of a directed impact core for development hard soils and rocks or the destruction of weapons and military equipment, while fuse This nest with a detonator capsule and an intermediate detonator includes a hermetic closure made of a film material fixed in the filler neck with a cap with a threaded connection.

The essence of the proposed technical device is illustrated by drawings, which depict: figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a cumulative charge of liquid explosives with flanging in the form of a shirt made of composite (aramid) material; figure 2 shows the device of the ignition socket in a sealed closure with a plastic cover; figure 3 shows a variant of the sequential accelerated destruction of solid soil (rock); figure 4 shows a variant of loosening a rocky base using a hose to charge liquid explosives; figure 5 shows a variant of an elongated charge with a length of 100-300 m to undermine it under the ice when removing ice jams or wormwood; Figures 6 and 7 show explosive charges for the destruction of armaments and military equipment, respectively, when hitting and at a distance of up to 50 m; on Fig shows an application of a cumulative charge that affects manpower and unarmored vehicles at a distance of up to 200 m with finished fragments.

A device for blasting operations (Figs. 1-8), consisting of a housing 1, an explosive 2, a steel lining of a cumulative cavity 3, an ignition slot 4, a detonator capsule 5, an intermediate detonator 6 and legs 7, therein destruction means 2 are made on based on liquid explosive 8 in combination with surface active components 9 and a set of plastic packaging containers 10 with a high-strength flanging jacket 11 made of composite material and a copper tantalum lining 12 of the cumulative cavity 3, providing the formation of directional impact core for the development of solid soils and rocks or the destruction of weapons and military equipment, while the ignition slot 4 with the detonator capsule 5 and the intermediate detonator 6 includes a hermetic closure of the film material 13, mounted in the filler neck of the tank 10 with a cover 14 with a threaded connection .

For the formation of the ignition slot 4 (figure 2) in a plastic package 10 with a threaded cover 14 for the purpose of alignment and sealing of explosive devices (incendiary tube, electric detonator, detonating cord), as well as to prevent leakage of liquid explosive 8 or surface active component 9 of the filler neck of the tank 10 provides for the use of a hermetic plastic film 13. In addition, when using liquid explosive 8 of low quality or reduced density in order to increase explosion power in the ignition slot 4 can additionally be used an intermediate detonator 6 of plastite No. 4, No. 6, weighing 10-20 grams. In this case, the ignition slot 4 is wrapped with a plastic film 13, which is fixed by several turns of kapron filament 15. After that, a hole is made in the cover 14 for passing explosive means into it. Then, the ignition slot 4 is inserted into the plastic container 10, where the film is evenly spread over the filler neck and tightly closed with a plastic cover 14. Sagging sections of the film are cut off.

For convenience and to reduce the time required for the production of certain types of blasting, it is advisable to include an auxiliary petrol-engine drilling and cutting mechanism that can be used when crushing large boulders (stones), ice blocks, etc.

The blasting device is packaged for transportation in two wooden crates, and when used by mining engineering and rifle or airborne units in backpacks. The proposed device can be transported by any means of transport at any distance without restrictions. If it is necessary to carry out blasting operations, a calculation of two to four people deploys it on the ground. At the same time, charges are collected depending on the nature of the tasks performed, the strength (hardness) of soils and rocks, the required volumes of destruction and the required dimensions of barriers, etc.

To organize accelerated blasting operations, it is necessary:

- select and fill containers with liquid explosive 8 and surface active components 9;

- pack liquid explosive 8 according to a multi-dimensional plastic container 10 with a flanging jacket 11 made of composite material and a copper tantalum lining 12 of the cumulative cavity, as well as a tight-fitting lid 14;

- prepare a set of blasting equipment (capsule detonators, electric detonators, two-wire wire, incendiary tubes, ready-made ignition sockets, fire-conducting and detonating cords, current source, electric closures, fuses, etc.);

- prepare auxiliary material (wooden pegs with a length of 50 cm, twine, kapron thread, pieces of film to form an ignition slot, etc.);

- check the efficiency and completeness of the gas-powered drilling and cutting mechanism.

The development of soils and rocks can be carried out by sequentially broadening the boreholes arranged in an explosive manner (Fig. 1), or using holes made by a gas-powered drilling-cutting mechanism. First, a surface-active liquid 9 is poured into the drilled holes (holes, wells, and crevices), which is absorbed into the walls. After a short time, about 2-5 minutes, liquid explosive 8 is poured in or hoses filled with it are inserted, as well as containers 10 (Figs. 3, 4) with explosive devices (ignition sockets 4) for undermining by electric or fire methods. This technology increases the efficiency of the explosion by about 1.5 times. By successively detonating two or three charges in one place, the maximum radius of destruction of solid (frozen) soils and rocks to the required dimensions is achieved.

To eliminate ice clogs on rivers in a short period of time in the spring time or when making a wormwood, for organizing the crossing of military units through water barriers, elongated charges (Fig. 5) up to 300 m long, collected, for example, from fire hoses 16 (2 and 3 categories) filled with liquid explosive 8 for under-ice blasting. Such hoses with a control rope 17 and supporting floats made of polystyrene foam 18 are launched under ice through a hole along the river. To detect the free end of the hose 16 under the ice at an estimated distance, a beacon 19 is fixed on it, and at night the flashlight is sealed and also pre-arranged with a small wormwood. The detected hose is raised to the surface of the ice using a conventional hook. Initially, an empty hose 16 is purged with air to check the tightness of the nodal connections. After that, the hose is filled with liquid explosive 8 with attachment to both ends of the ignition sockets 4 with electric detonators for simultaneous undermining by electric means. To reduce the time of under-ice blasting of an elongated charge, two calculations are prescribed. One calculation makes holes and passes a rope with a float into them along the river. The second calculation collects the hoses and fills them with liquid explosive with installation at the ends of the plugs. After that, the hose joins the rope and stretches under the ice with subsequent detonation using electric detonators.

When using the proposed device with the aim of defeating the enemy’s manpower, its weapons and military equipment, concentrated charges with liquid explosive 8 weighing from 2 to 6 kg can be used (Fig.6-8). High-explosive charges weighing 4-6 kg of push action (Fig.6) when hit by military equipment cause it to undermine due to the operation of a contact type fuse (electric closure) 20 or from the action of seismic-acoustic and magnetometric sensors.

To defeat armored military equipment with a shell-forming strike core at a distance of up to 50 m, charges are used with a high-strength flanging jacket 11 made of composite material (Fig. 7) with a cumulative cavity lining with double copper tantalum alloy 12 and fuses of a combined type with radar, infrared and optical capture sensors goals 21.

To destroy manpower and destroy unarmored enemy equipment at a distance of up to 200 m with ready-made striking fragments made of steel and granite pebbles, charges with liquid explosive 8 of a similar design with a cumulative cavity and high-strength flare jacket 11 made of composite material to form a directed explosion can be used. To such a charge is attached a tank filled with finished fragments 22 (Fig. 8).

The readiness of the proposed technical solution for its implementation is confirmed by the presence in the national economy of different density, detonation velocity, amount of heat and cost, the most optimal domestic components of liquid explosives and surface-active components according to the specified parameters, as well as developed recommendations and drawings for practical applications devices for blasting, including the use of such charges for the construction of sections of mine explosive citizens or the installation of individual mines to inflict defeat on the enemy infantry, its armaments and military equipment.

The advantages of the proposed technical solutions in comparison with the known analogues are:

- high efficiency of accelerated blasting operations;

- the minimum composition of the involved forces and means;

- high level of blasting operations;

- the ability to control the power of explosions through the use of components with a wide range of densities from 0.5 to 1.5 g / cm ³ ;

- the possibility of forming elongated charges for the rapid elimination of ice congestion or wormwood;

- the possibility of using as high-explosive charges weighing 4-6 kg, causing the destruction of military equipment during collision;

- the possibility of using charges weighing 2-6 kg with a flanging made of high-strength material and lining the cumulative cavity with a two-layer alloy of copper and tantalum, forming a projectile-forming shock core for hitting armored vehicles at a distance of up to 50 m;

- the possibility of using charges weighing 2-4 kg with a flange made of high-strength composite material, forming a directed explosion, to defeat manpower and destroy unarmored enemy equipment at a distance of up to 200 m with ready-made striking fragments;

- high resistance to mechanical and thermal effects (shock, friction, fire, lumbago bullet, etc.);

- high water resistance, including in running water;

- high safety of storage and operation;

- low level of toxic emissions during the explosion and environmental pollution;

- low cost and availability of raw materials for the manufacture of different types of charges at the place of blasting, in the field.

Theoretical studies and calculations show that the proposed device for blasting according to the main criterion for assessing "effectiveness of combat use - cost" has indicators that are about 1.5-2 times higher compared to existing analogues.

Claims (1)

A device consisting of a housing, an explosive, a steel lining of a cumulative cavity, an ignition slot, a detonator capsule, an intermediate detonator and legs, characterized in that the destruction means are made on the basis of a liquid explosive in combination with surface-active components and a set of packaging plastic containers with a high-strength flanging jacket made of composite material and a copper tantalum lining of the cumulative cavity, providing the formation of a directional shock cores for the development of solid soils and rocks or the destruction of weapons and military equipment, while the ignition socket with a detonator capsule and an intermediate detonator includes a hermetic closure made of film material, fixed in the tank filler neck with a cap with a threaded connection.

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