CN104121829B - The method for improving explosive blasting efficiency - Google Patents
The method for improving explosive blasting efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN104121829B CN104121829B CN201410363440.3A CN201410363440A CN104121829B CN 104121829 B CN104121829 B CN 104121829B CN 201410363440 A CN201410363440 A CN 201410363440A CN 104121829 B CN104121829 B CN 104121829B
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Abstract
The method for improving explosive charge explosion efficiency, a kind of method that can improve explosive charge explosion efficiency is specifically provided, energy highest improves the utilization rate of explosive charge energy, energy highest improves the blast explosion efficiency of explosive, it is that the fire point of explosive is placed at the position of demolition target, the power of blast is performed into maximum, the shock wave come out from ignition point source explosion concentrates cumulative, it is small to external diffusion, duration of shock pulse is long, utilization rate is high, explosion thing disperses few, blasting direction controllability is good, security is higher, more save explosive, unidirectional cumulative slab charge can enable the power of explosive cavity blasting reach that maximum and multidirectional cumulative slab charge makes the area of burst scope of explosive reach maximum.The present invention improves blast blasting technique field and military technological field belonging to the method for explosive charge explosion efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to blasting technique field, and in particular to a kind of method that can improve explosive blasting efficiency, fried to improve
The utilization rate of medicine explosion energy.
Background technology
In the bursting work of the industries such as colliery, original loading method is used till today.This method detonating capsule is in powder charge
In position be located at the positive of powder column and the reversely axle center respectively held, blasting cap initiation, detonation wave from initiation ends along powder column axle center to
Other end propagation of explosion, explosion wave is from axle center to around spreading, and explosion energy can not easily make phase into one direction set in side
Detonator and explosive in adjacent borehole may sometimes result in detonator and be squeezed bad, explosive, which is squeezed, to be hardened, it is impossible to just by the extruding exploded
Often ignite, the explosive half being hardened is quick-fried or burning is to cause one of the reason for fire damp accident occurs.
Forward demolition loading method is most popular general in the world, either mine, underground blasting or military torpedo,
High explosive anti-tank cartridge, the chemical explosive major part of nuclear bomb ignition use positive loading method or directional cumulation.Come from high-end weapon powder charge
See, countries in the world are substantially uniform, be all that the minimum forward demolition method of plasting damage effect is used as the maximum method of power, this
It is the understanding reason of prior art.
Reverse demolition, existing code regulation, borehole charge, detonator must be inserted in the axle center of powder stick one end, powder stick cumulative
Cave is towards heel direction.The electric cap explosive initiation point produced now is in the middle part of detonator body axial direction, cap sensitive point insertion explosive
That section is rolled up, makes explosive centered on cap sensitive point, the shock wave at two ends is while relative impact, cap explosive flashpoint to borehole
This section of bottom borehole can not be blown completely, and drillhole blasting bottom root is exactly so to leave.Inventor has determined now.It is existing
The direction effect of explosive charge explosion determined by forward and reverse loading method and the direction of actual explosive charge explosion are acted on
It is antipodal.
The military blasting charge of army, the powder charge of heavy weight torpedo is largely the center ignition charge in pack, blast impulse
Bo Cong centers are to around disperseing, and exploding, the energy produced is big, and blast action is small.Center is ignited shock wave and disperseed, and explosion velocity is slow, impact
Ripple is that the mode retreated plays blast action to object or target.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：In view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of explosive blasting efficiency of improving
Method, to improve the demolition effect in the fields such as mineral products, military affairs.
The present invention technical solution be：The method for improving explosive blasting efficiency, it is by the fire point placement of explosive
At the position as close to demolition target, the power of blast is performed into maximum.
The solution have the advantages that：The shock wave come out from ignition point source explosion concentrates cumulative, shock wave small to external diffusion
Duration is long, and utilization rate is high, and explosion thing disperses less, and blasting direction controllability is good, and security is higher, more saves explosive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the shock wave direction of motion and tonogram are ignited in spheroidal charging center；
Fig. 2 is hemispherical blast process of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the wrong loading method schematic diagram of hemispherical or cylinder；
Fig. 4 is the correct loading method schematic diagram of hemispherical of the present invention or cylinder；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of present invention front side electric cap；
Fig. 6 is advance cylindrical center lateral orientation power-assembling electricity detonator structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the oblate detonator structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is multi-direction charge structure schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 9 is the inverse initiation borehole figure do not opened by complete explosion；
Figure 10 is present invention front side blasting boreholes charge constitution schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is existing inverse initiation blast floor map；
Figure 12 is present invention front side blast charging normal plane schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is two-way charge explosion structural representation of the invention；
Figure 14 is multidirectional charge explosion structural representation of the invention；
Figure 15 is primer structural representation in four sides of the present invention；
Figure 16 is taper multiaspect primer structural representation of the present invention；
Figure 17 is the strong charge structure schematic diagram of cumulative penetrability of the present invention.
Embodiment
Blast has an identical rule, is exactly most of energy, shock wave, gas of explosion time etc., is with blast
Starting point as advance direction.
Three kinds of blasting methods：
1st, blasting method, abbreviation advance powder charge or advance explosion are fully advanced, it is that detonating primer is placed on into the blasting charge
Foremost.Explosive initiation point before detonator does not have explosive covering, does not form flashpoint two ends and the impact of surrounding explosive charge
The situation of ripple relative impact, makes the blast impulse behind flashpoint swimmingly rush at medium or object in front of flashpoint, plays
Blast action.
2nd, blasting procedure is fully retracted and close, powder charge is referred to as retreated or retreats explosion, it is that detonating primer is placed on into the blasting charge
Rearmost end.It is similar to the positive charge explosion in code, side of the detonating primer mounted in priming axial direction is a difference in that, towards most
Island operation, is fully retracted and close explosion detonating primer front end without explosive, simply the explosive behind detonating primer, and forward demolition is ignited
There is explosive at the flashpoint two ends of detonator, and one end is a small amount of, and another looking somebody up and down is a lot, to retreat propagation of explosion to pack least significant end, is left most
The energy that sub-fraction explosive charge afterwards is produced plays blast action with shock wave to the object at rear.
3rd, two-way or explosion of drawing back more, is ignited at pack center.The method that center is ignited, shock wave is not concentrated, to
Around it is scattered, the high temperature and high pressure gas at the flashpoint of center retreat outside propagation of explosion before blast is not over, around, and generation is rushed
Punching in wave direction is hit, the gases at high pressure at center is outwards expanded and is restricted, reduce explosion velocity.Same explosive payload, advance explosion
The plasting damage effect that method is ignited at Fa Yaobi centers is high more than 3 times, be higher by than retreating blasting procedure or forward demolition method more than 5 times (see Fig. 1,
Ignite the shock wave direction of motion and tonogram in spheroidal charging center).
The making of advance explosion pack and live powder charge：
Advance explosion pack front end will have a plane, referred to as directional cumulation plane, abbreviation pack plane, according to circumstances
Can slight convex or recessed inwards, be defined by plane, pack plane specification, 1, height be diameter half；2nd, height and diameter
It is identical.
The planar central of advance explosion pack front end has a cap sensitive point, referred to as planar central flashpoint, referred to as
Center flashpoint.
How pack, directional cumulation plane and flashpoint play a rolePack, directional cumulation plane and flashpoint are
Mutually play a role at one piece, pack is preferably played a role, three it is appropriate it is reasonably combined be it is indispensable, it is fixed
To the size of the effect of cumulative, mainly grain configuration after the size shape of the directional cumulation area of plane and pack plane.Detonator
Explosive after pack planar central ignition charge around flashpoint continues to retreat propagation of explosion, and explosion energy is inevitable towards flashpoint,
Cross to form cumulative point at flashpoint before shock wave ecto-entad around behind directional cumulation plane, so, flashpoint
There is cumulative action.The steel fragment that for example on photo I fries is with regard to that can be clearly seen that the effect of cumulative point.Introduced according to me
Loading method (Fig. 2), drug package in the center of steel, steel during explosion can rebound to aerial from upward vertically below
About 1 meter of height, illustrates that orientation is very accurate, balances also fine.If cap sensitive point is somewhat filled partially in pack plane
A bit, steel during explosion will be to that inclined rollover rolling disequilibrium of flashpoint, and the out-of-flatness of pack plane and drug package are inclined,
Can disequilibrium.
How to operate and act on when advance pack plane and center flashpoint powder chargeWork of the advance pack plane in explosion
With being directional cumulation.Effect of the center flashpoint in explosion is mainly orientation, also there is cumulative action.Cylindrical pack, it is rectangular
During shape cartridging, directional cumulation plane is vertical with explosive column below, and detonator should not be inserted perpendicularly into directional cumulation plane, detonator
Explosive initiation point insertion pack plane it is too deep, pack leading portion is centered on cap explosive flashpoint, after the explosive of surrounding is formed
The shock wave relative impact behind the shock wave and flashpoint before blast, flashpoint is moved back, directional cumulation is destroyed.Detonator is parallel
Pack full surface initiation dot center position is placed on, it is parallel with directional cumulation plane, do not expose explosive surface, or to expose explosive surface few
Part.Directional cumulation plane wants perpendicular alignmnet target or with pasting tight by explosion object, in practice, directional cumulation plane and thing
Show consideration for best by tight demolition effect.Gap is excessive, and plasting damage effect substantially weakens with effect.Directional cumulation plane is tiltedly to target
When, target will be by fried inclined.During directional cumulation plane perpendicular alignmnet target, when detonating primer is mounted in directional cumulation plane partially, mesh
Mark also can be by fried inclined.The near power over there of detonator is too big, and remote power over there is small.Small pack clearly, such as rectangle medicine
Bag plane, detonating primer is mounted in planar central, fried to wear 5 millimeters of double-layer plates, the breach area punctured after explosion and cumulative plane
It is essentially identical.
When making pack, there is no sockets for collecting energy in the directional cumulation plane of pack, there is a detonating primer at Zhi centers, this
It is that it is high that the explosive after blast becomes high temperature because after the cap sensitive explosive at center, the explosive at the flashpoint of center first explodes
The gas of pressure, this high temperature and high pressure gas are exactly to continue to retreat around the earliest directional cumulation point of pack planar central, cumulative point
Outside propagation of explosion, the poly- forward central of energy, constantly outwards propagation of explosion expands cumulative point, and untill retrogressing propagation of explosion terminates, directional cumulation is just
It is (as shown in Figure 2) so produced.Directional cumulation plane out-of-flatness, directional cumulation effect is bad, just easily fry inclined target, this
Fry apparent in the experiment of steel plate with small pack.
The blasting method of advance pack and powder charge and blast action：
When naked quick-fried, advance blasting method is the perforation of the object such as steel plate, hole, centered on hole, hole to ratchel with small area
To the mode of periphery fragmentation, ratchel global blowup.Rectangle pack is good for cutting off the thing such as ratchel, steel plate effect.Circle
Cylindricality pack, hemispherical powder charge, broken to ratchel, steel plate piercing capability is extremely strong.Cylindrical advance pack is useed force suitable for army
The weapons of the torpedo of device, broken Class A, piercing capability exceedes more than 5 times of positive sockets for collecting energy, and perforation field is also bigger than it.
Fig. 2 is hemisphere blast process, and advance blast charging method, hemispherical powder charge are directly installed in quick-fried by explosion body surface
Fried procedure chart.The powder charge of advance blasting method, ignition, directional cumulation only have a kind of method of diagram, and dose is determined as needed
How much, variously-shaped pack can be made with reference to this igniting method of the figure, and specification not limited, diameter with it is highly equal.
Points for attention：1st, waterproof is carried out, it is to avoid cause blown-out shot；2nd, detonator should not be inserted perpendicularly into directional cumulation plane, it is to avoid
Explosive before and after fire point offsets in explosion time energy, and (referring to Fig. 3 and 4, Fig. 3 is wrong loading method, and Fig. 4 is correct powder charge side
Method).
Repacking, power and the effect of front side electric cap：
Material：Former cap explosive, shell or cardboard, bulb tungsten filament, (have igniting head uses bubble to the igniter wire of former detonator
Fall)
Method of modifying：Paper detonator is pushed aside, removes strengthening cap, exposes yellow powder explosive (DDNP), tungsten filament is stretched, twined
At wire two ends, the direction of tungsten filament is remembered, it is front that igniter wire, which presses close to the one side of shell, far in insertion yellow powder explosive edge
One side be reverse side, (as shown in Figure 5).
Front side electric cap is adapted to borehole charge, and detonator front end ignition charge shock wave energy completely cuts through borehole bottom, makes brill
Bore portion is blown completely, root of not keeping on file (detonator will be inserted in powder stick side, towards minimum burden, mounted in borehole bottommost).
Figure below (Fig. 6) is advance cylindrical center lateral orientation cumulative electric cap, and abbreviation advance directional cumulation electric cap is fitted
Center oriented beehive-shaped charge is used, cylindrical pack, the center of rectangle cutting kits is ignited.Act on pack center and ignite position standard
Really.Primer casing will have significantly to be marked anyway.Oblate detonator (Fig. 7) is applied to cylinder grain, naked explosion.Igniter wire is leaned on
Nearly shell side is as front, if visible marking.
The multi-direction directional cumulation powder charge of advance explosion and pack make and effect：
Multi-direction pack (see Fig. 8) is that a pack periphery is equipped with many detonating primers, is once all ignited, while to
Surrounding multiple directions play blast action, in order to reduce the time difference of synchronous blast, must use direct insertion instant electric detonator,
For example during onepull polylith stone, in the middle of polylith stone, explosive is all filled, multiple instant electric detonators are same on explosive periphery
When ignite, the stone of explosion flies out far, same explosive payload to surrounding, and the blast action ignited than pack center goes out greatly several
Times, laterally big to blast action around, specification, thickness are the half of diameter, generally, as required, flexibly grasp dose
With specification.
Drillhole blasting：
When the reason for bottom root of drillhole blasting leaves is inverse initiation, the explosive initiation position of detonator is too rearward or center
Position, it is impossible to be attached to borehole bottom, flashpoint is too remote from borehole bottom, and retrusive blast is formed on borehole bottom, impacts wave direction heel
Direction is rushed, and that section of borehole bottom borehole is not blown, so bottom root is left like this, positive powder charge and retrogressing powder charge, bottom
It is most long that root is stayed.
During inverse initiation, because detonator is inserted in powder stick axial centre, during ignition, after flashpoint side rear is rushed to shock wave
Fang Xianglin boreholes direction, hole of backbreaking is blasted behind borehole, has sometimes also become blind adjacent big gun extruding (see Figure 11).Reversely fill
It is flashpoint both sides explosive charge cumulative center at medicine, cap sensitive point, significantly finds out from this blast cumulative center, ignite
The shock wave relative impact of point position, makes the temperature highest at flashpoint, air pressure highest, the maximum of swelling volume or volume, surpasses
Dig pit most deep, from this as can be seen that no matter temperature is how high at flashpoint in terms of four, pressure has much, flashpoint both sides it is quick-fried
Fried energy also will fiercely rush at flashpoint direction with shock wave in the way of advance.Cumulative situation centered on above flashpoint
From the point of view of, flashpoint is exactly the main release outlet of explosion energy and shock wave, and it is exactly that this energy is released for flashpoint to retreat propagation of explosion
The main exit put provides energy and shock wave.
See Figure, in order to see the cumulative situation of flashpoint, by taking the inverse initiation borehole do not opened by complete explosion as an example,
Explosive charge in borehole is diameter or volume enlargement (the inverse initiation borehole figure do not opened by complete explosion, figure borehole
9)。
The front side blasting procedure (Figure 10, Figure 12) of the present invention, referred to as front side powder charge.It is to be inserted in priming front side electric cap is ignited
The edge of volume medial surface foremost, during drillhole blasting, lateral edge of the detonating capsule detonation wave along powder column from one end to
The other end starts propagation of explosion, and most of detonation wave that propagation of explosion is produced concentrates detonator side from one end to other end detonation.Party's normal direction
During base charge, the preceding bottom of borehole point shock wave, which is mainly, to be cut the coal and rock of borehole bottom in borehole bottom in 90 base angles or so
Disconnected, such borehole can not leave foundation.The shock wave of borehole side simultaneously it is quick-fried fall coal and rock push outside to, make whole borehole
Complete explosion.If borehole angle is at 80 degree of (Figure 10) left and right, borehole bottom it is quick-fried fall coal petrography and coal petrography wall between can be formed
3-5 centimetres of longitudinal furrow, this indicated that borehole bottom it is quick-fried fall coal petrography and the new thorough detachment of coal petrography wall in borehole bottom, blown-out shot
Also significantly reduced with explosive inflammation, reduce explosive payload.Because blast orientation is clear and definite, explosive payload is grasped very well.
Existing inverse initiation blast floor map (Figure 11), this figure is a borehole not popped completely, reason
It is that minimum burden is oversize, quick-fried inside borehole, outside is not blown.Detonator is at the center of priming leading portion, so powder column is to surrounding
Rear borehole, is squeezed flat by blast.If detonator is inserted in this side of the minimum burden of priming, borehole can just be blown entirely.
Front side blast charging method (Figure 10, Figure 12), charging operation method：1st, priming is made：Powder stick is pinched head end opening to pinch
It is soft soft, front side detonator is lightly inserted perpendicularly into powder stick and pinches head end medial surface edge, soft explosive is moderately pressed with hand
Real, detonator front end is parallel with the explosive plane being compacted, sealing, and the position for being inserted with detonator in priming volume side is marked, and is represented
The direction of blast；2nd, powder charge：The waddy insertion borehole bottom of powder charge, debris, crack, water etc. are checked whether there is, no water is confirmed
Powder charge again.First loading borehole of priming, adjusts the blast direction of mark, explosive used in a borehole is once filled
Enter.During powder charge, powder stick be vertically pushing into should not left-right rotation, anti-rotation stop explodes direction partially.Powder stick is gently once pushed into tamper,
Untill priming touches borehole bottom, load appropriate stemming.
Points for attention：This loading method waterproof is most important, because detonator rolls up the edge of medial surface, big gun mounted in priming
Intraocular has first wet can arrive explosive and detonator that priming rolls up top layer during water, cause blown-out shot.When having water in borehole must priming and
Remaining explosive puts waterproof bag, carries out mark powder charge again.This explosive charge method and not as described in existing code, detonates
Difficult explosion velocity is slow, situations such as miss-firing.Method is ignited in this powder charge to be confirmed by practice for many years, in addition to having water to cause blown-out shot,
As long as detonator and quality of explosive are normal, blown-out shot and it will not miss-fire.In practice these years, there is blown-out shot, inventor is just
Explosive and detonator are come outbreak out in former miss-fire shot with electric drill and drilling rod and gone through, drill-through blown-out shot is not more than 10,000
The problem of ignition.The problem of therefrom finding blown-out shot is a lot, and these problems were not also mentioned once in code is blown out, this
For explosive for the use of propagation of explosion it is extremely important.
Sockets for collecting energy causes the main cause of blown-out shot.In the borehole equipped with water, the outside of explosive will put waterproof bag.Dividing
When group is blown out, one group first put, which sometimes racks the waterproof bag in next group of adjacent borehole, to be pricked into water, will in sockets for collecting energy
There is a certain amount of aqueous phase every causing propagation of explosion difficult, make lower a roll of explosive inflammation, miss-fire, the borehole for having water often goes out when blowing out
Existing such blown-out shot.Using the loading method of the present invention, and some other processing method, such blown-out shot apparent can subtract
It is few.
Blasting quality：During drillhole blasting, due to the explosion wave of front side blasting procedure, explosive column in borehole can be concentrated on
Side, orientation is accurate reasonable, and the borehole bottom root after explosion is removed totally, and blast can not be expressed to the borehole at rear, will not be because quick-fried
Fried extruding causes explosive inflammation and blown-out shot, digging laneway periphery hole can not be blasted hole of backbreaking, periphery hole vestige it is complete
It is long, it can stay on coal petrography wall, the steadiness of coal petrography wall can be made good, improve safety, reduce ill-effect.
Explosive can flexibly be used, for example, the coal petrography above borehole is harder than other positions, it is non-explosive fall, during powder charge,
The blast bearing mark of priming against above borehole it is non-explosive fall coal petrography, during explosion, most shock wave is rushed above borehole,
So it is easy to it to fry, constantly nor affects on the explosion of other positions, because the coal petrography of other positions is than pine above borehole
It is softer, it sometimes can slightly adjust the position of position and priming of the detonator in priming, it is to avoid pull out big gun appearance etc., thus subtract
Lack and caunched, take off side, undercuting and put small big gun, improved Mass lost workload, in a word, such blasting method, flexibly and easily.
It is naked quick-fried
Two-way shot (Figure 13) and multidirectional explosion (Figure 14)：Be exactly cumulative face around pack and detonating primer number it is many
Few, the title of two is two-way, and the title of more than three is multidirectional.Applicant underground with a pack simultaneously fry three pieces big rock when
Wait, this loading method can simultaneously scrap three blocks of big rocks to fly out far to surrounding, and the iron plates of 3 mm of thickness is flown at a distance
Stone punctures, the vestige that the ground in explosion place and top plate are not blown up, from this point of view, explosion wave it is parallel to surrounding very
By force, upper lower roof plate and bottom plate direction is very weak, and such loading method is parallel to around exploding for bomb, and lethal area is bound to
It is very big.Multiple detonators are ignited simultaneously, must use direct insertion instant electric detonator, ignite voltage and want height, electric current is big, reduces ignition
The time difference.
Military issue weapons：
The on line method of the direct insertion instant electric detonator of multiple ignition of military bomb：With method in parallel, series connection easily occurs
Blown-out shot.
The shell of steel construction on Figure 15,4 cumulative planes, 4 detonating primers, this square drug package, after ignition, energy
Parallel to be exploded to surrounding, lethal area is big, and shell fragmentation is good.
Figure 16 taper polyhedron packs, there is multiple cumulative planes and detonating primer, and cumulative plane is sideling downward, explosion time punching
It is also sideling downward, outer steel shell on this drug package to hit ripple, apart from ground certain altitude, explodes, sideling blows up down in the air
The outer steel shell fragment come just sideling can downwards be killed on the top of personnel from ground, and the effective strength in killing trench,
The height of blast is adjusted, and lethal area is determined according to height of burst, and polyhedral pack is imitated to the fragmentation of outer steel shell
Fruit can be more preferable.
Figure 17 is cumulative penetrability very strong pack, very simply, available for the powder charge of torpedo, high explosive anti-tank cartridge, to steel knot
The penetration capacity of structure shell and other objects can exceed more than 5 times of positive sockets for collecting energy powder charge, and which powder charge is simple, power ten
Foot.Use the loading method, inventor is once with a box pin ammonpulver (24 kilograms), and No. 8 detonators are deep-fried a Ge Shang lanes crossheading coal
Pile, thickness is 3.5-4 meters, 1.3 meters or so of diameter.Advance powder charge can be also used for the ignition side of ignition and the nuclear explosion of nuclear bomb
Formula, makes nuclear explosion lethal area bigger, and reduces the chemical explosive consumption of core ignition, reduces the volume of nuclear bomb.
From the point of view of content more than, positive, reverse, two-way and sockets for collecting energy the loading method in Explosives Order, completely
Brisance maximum flashpoint shock wave is treated as brisance is minimum to be used, the blast prestige that propagation of explosion end is minimum
Power is used when maximum brisance.Such loading method and understanding, it is either military or civilian can not all give play to
The best brisance of explosive, can also cause many potential safety hazard and waste.The nuclear bomb of military power, guided missile, torpedo, broken first
The powder charges such as bullet are also such.What explosive charge power maximum most had use value is exactly the shock wave in fire point direction, such nothing
By being military or civilian, the brisance of explosive can be performed to best, military nuclear bomb, guided missile, torpedo, broken first can be made
The blast lethal effect such as bullet strengthens several times.Thus, this set explosive loading of the invention, blast, blasting method can replace completely
Positive, reverse, two-way and sockets for collecting energy these charging explosions for using now, blasting method.Applicant preliminary test is used
Nitrolite replaces the gunpowder propellant powder of cannon, with a steel pipe being welded and pin ammonpulver, shoots out pin ammonium using steel pipe and fries
Medicine explosion wave repeatedly smashes the hardwood plate of 5 centimeters of thickness, if further loading onto bullet, it is likely that can exceed magnetic artillery
Speed it is a lot (1700 meters per second of magnetic artillery).
The blast blasting method for most having use value is " fully advancing blasting method " of the invention, is exactly in the poly- of pack
The preceding center of energy plane is ignited, and detonating primer is parallel with cumulative plane mounted in the preceding center of pack cumulative plane.Pack fire point
One end against needing the object of explosion to carry out ignition explosion, the advantage of advance charge explosion method is, is come out from point source explosion is ignited
Shock wave concentrate cumulative, small to external diffusion, the duration of shock pulse is long, utilization rate highest, and explosion thing disperses few, and security is more
Height, saves explosive.
The initial period inevitable front end in powder column after powder column is detonated in cumulative and Propagation mode, Fig. 2 forms a ball
Shape radius (during explosive initiation, the pit formed into pack, i.e. cumulative hole or sockets for collecting energy is put down from cumulative, Fig. 2 is seen), so impact
Ripple necessarily gathers inwardly front.Propagation of explosion is the radius shape with ball, towards rear outer direction propagation of explosion to powder column end, so propagation of explosion is not
The explosion wave at end necessarily disperses explosion in the radius mode of ball towards rear outer direction.
The blast impulse principle of fire point direction and propagation of explosion end, blast is the back kick in order since at fire point
It is quick-fried, until propagation of explosion terminates.Explosion velocity explosive charge how soon is all that have must between a beginning and end, beginning and end
There is a process.Explosive charge is from the off to terminal propagation of explosion, and the high temperature and high pressure gas that the explosive first exploded is produced do not stop
Gather motionless in original place, but it is quick outwards expand, its expansion, mainly towards fire point forward, it is followed by
The explosive of propagation of explosion is treated, propagation of explosion does not terminate, be followed by the end of one's rope.Due to lasting propagation of explosion backward, the HTHP of generation
Gas is constantly gone out towards the expansion of fire point direction, finally, propagation of explosion to powder column end, and the energy that at this moment most of propagation of explosion is produced is
Through a large amount of consumption, finally only the explosive of remaining propagation of explosion end there occurs most weak blast to rear.The blasting method of pack end
(forward demolition method), the utilization rate of shock wave is minimum.
The process and principle of explosive charge：
Propagation of explosion is from fast to slow, so explosion velocity by slowing down rapidly soon.Reason：Explosive close to detonating capsule is first obtained
Explode what detonation wave propagation of explosion exploded to detonating capsule, meanwhile, from explosive remote with a distance from detonating capsule also not by detonation
The propagation of explosion of ripple, its density is just by the expansion effects of detonation wave, and density increase is extruded and is hardened, velocity of explosion slows down, sometimes
Explosive is caused to put out quick-fried.When borehole charge, about 80 centimetres to more than 1 meter of grain length, image-stone block is become by detonation extruding the same
It is recurrent that hard explosive, which puts out quick-fried,.Explosive, which puts out often pluck out in quick-fried borehole, puts out quick-fried explosive, from these borehole quilts
It will be obvious that explosion velocity quickly slows down in fried shape and vestige.Borehole after positive charging explosion, from shape, rises
Fried most thick at quick-fried, put out from fire point to explosive from quick-fried, by fried borehole by being slightly tapered, it is most thin that explosive puts out quick-fried place.
From crack, the slit width at fire point and depth, it is narrow and thin until disappearing that explosive puts out quick-fried place.From blast burn mark, explosion
Burn mark above borehole wall afterwards and iron and plastics in borehole, is most heavy at flashpoint, mitigates to distal end, can be with from burn mark
Find out, temperature highest at flashpoint.The explosive payload inverse initiation of kindred circumstances is also the explosive in this way, in fire point distal end substantially
Also often put out quick-fried.From the reality appeared above as can be seen that the power of explosive charge only has maximum at initial fire point,
Explosion velocity is most fast.Conversely, brisance is minimum, explosion velocity is most slow.Conclusion：Explosive charge, is that power is maximum at flashpoint, explosion velocity is most
It hurry up.
Claims (2)
1. fully advance blasting method, it is characterised in that it is that detonating primer is placed on into the blasting charge foremost, explosive initiation point
There is no explosive covering, the blast impulse behind flashpoint is swimmingly rushed at medium or object in front of flashpoint, play explosion
Effect, makes the destruction that blast is produced to object perform to maximum；The blasting charge wherein used is advance explosion pack, institute
Stating advance explosion pack front end has a plane, referred to as directional cumulation plane, and the planar central of advance explosion pack front end has
One cap sensitive point, detonator should not be inserted perpendicularly into directional cumulation plane, and detonator is parallel to be placed on pack full surface initiation dot center position
Put, it is parallel with directional cumulation plane；Directional cumulation plane will be with pasting tight by explosion object；The orientation of the advance explosion pack
There is no sockets for collecting energy in cumulative plane, Zhi centers have after a detonating primer, the cap sensitive explosive at center, at the flashpoint of center
Explosive first explode, the explosive after blast becomes the gas of HTHP, forms the orientation of blasting charge planar central earliest and gathers
Can point.
2. fully advance blasting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the detonator wherein used is poly- for orientation of advancing
Can electric cap, primer casing has significantly to be marked anyway, igniter wire close to shell side as front, in explosion, this just facing to
Placed by explosion object.
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| CN101441055A (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2009-05-27 | 中煤平朔煤业有限责任公司 | Presplit blasting method |
| CN102878875A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-01-16 | 栾川龙宇钼业有限公司 | Secondary crushing blasting method of large rock masses |
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