RU128288U1 - HEAT PUMP HEAT COOLING SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The heat pump heat and cold supply system (TST) belongs to the fields of energy and construction and is designed for an economical and environmentally friendly heating (CO), hot water supply (DHW) and air conditioning (cooling and humidification) air of various buildings and structures in the presence of low potential heat as a source only soil under the building and electric energy only for driving a heat pump (VT), a fan and, if necessary, a СО circulation pump, but not for heating appliances. The task the utility model is aimed at is creating a device that provides increased efficiency and reliability, ease of maintenance, including non-professional consumer, as well as reducing the cost of TST. To solve this problem, a heat pump system for building heat and cold has been proposed, including a heat pump, heat accumulators, a heating and hot water supply system, an air conditioning and ventilation system, and a system for recycling secondary heat resources in the form of waste heat from ventilation emissions and sewage. Moreover, the heating system (CO) and hot water supply (DHW) contains a heat pump with an evaporator installed in the cold water accumulator, which is a flat-shaped stainless steel metal container without a lid that contacts the ground in the basement of the building and with a condenser located in the battery hot water. A hot water pressure line and a hot water supply line to the hot water supply are connected to the hot water accumulator, as well as direct and return pipes of CO with shut-off valves, temperature control valves in front of each radiator in the building's premises, as well as with an air vent at the top of the CO. The cold water accumulator is equipped with an automatic direct-acting level control valve, which is connected to the pressure line of the water supply system, and a direct-acting automatic temperature control valve, which is connected to the line for discharging water from the cold water accumulator. The air conditioning and ventilation system contains air ducts combined in a first collector communicating with a lower end to a room where a cold water accumulator is located and a second collector also communicating with a lower end to a room with a cold water accumulator and the upper one connected to a reversing fan connected to the outside air . The air conditioning system also includes a line for additional cooling of the premises, leading water from the cold water accumulator to the return line CO, and again from the direct line CO to the cold water accumulator, this line also contains a circulation pump and at least two taps. The system for recycling secondary heat resources in the form of heat from ventilation emissions includes a ventilation system and a cold water accumulator, and for heat recovery from sewage effluents, it contains a prefabricated sewage riser connected to a sealed duct welded to the walls of the cold water accumulator. In turn, a pipe leading to the nearest well of the sewage system adjoins the duct outlet, and the cross sections of the duct and pipe are several times larger than necessary for the discharge of liquid effluents to allow free circulation of moist and warm air from the sewage system in the duct. 1 n.p.f., 1 Fig.

Description

The heat pump heat and cold supply system (TST) belongs to the fields of energy and construction and is designed for an economical and environmentally friendly heating (CO), hot water supply (DHW) and air conditioning (cooling and humidification) air of various buildings and structures in the presence of low potential heat as a source only soil under the building and electric energy only for driving a heat pump (VT), a fan and, if necessary, a CO circulation pump, but not for heating appliances.

The invention is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2412401 - a heating system for a residential building containing an air-to-air heat pump and an equilibrium pool of water and ice located in the basement of the house. The technical result of the invention is the provision of thermal energy to the building due to heat generation during the water-ice phase transition. The disadvantages of this solution are ineffective heat transfer in air heat exchangers and a stable zero temperature of the cold battery, while the lower the difference between the upper and lower temperatures of the VT cycle, the higher its efficiency, which is why low-potential heat storage devices are made to increase the temperature of the cold battery.

The autonomous heat supply and cold supply system of buildings and structures according to RF patent No. 2382281 is also known, which contains water-to-water heat pumps and reversible air-water heat pumps, a heat recovery system for ventilated air with air-to-air and water-heat recuperators. air ”, using radiators of the heating system and for cooling, as well as a system for restoring the thermal regime of a low-potential source — wells with heat exchangers, including solar collectors. The disadvantages of the system are: the lack of storage tanks, which means instability of modes, the lack of heat recovery of sewage and the extreme complexity of the installation (50 positions on the circuit diagram, moreover, only 7 circulation pumps), which means its high cost of both construction and operation , the need for qualified service.

The closest set of features and technical essence to the proposed utility model is the invention according to RF patent No. 2364795 - a heat pump heating system for multi-storey buildings, includes heat pump equipment located in each zone, a system for collecting low-potential thermal energy of the soil of the surface layers of the Earth, a system for recycling secondary thermal resources in the form of waste heat from ventilation emissions from the upper zone and sewage, heating and hot water systems , cooling appliances, air conditioning systems and heat accumulators. The disadvantages of this technical solution are the complication of operation and excessive consumption of electricity due to the reversal of several VTs for air conditioning in the summer.

The task the utility model is aimed at is creating a device that provides increased efficiency and reliability, ease of maintenance, including non-professional consumer, as well as reducing the cost of TST.

To solve this problem, a heat pump system for building heat and cold has been proposed, including a heat pump, heat accumulators, a heating and hot water supply system, an air conditioning and ventilation system, and a system for recycling secondary heat resources in the form of waste heat from ventilation emissions and sewage. Moreover, the heating system (CO) and hot water supply (DHW) contains a heat pump with an evaporator installed in the cold water accumulator, which is a flat-shaped stainless steel metal container without a lid that contacts the ground in the basement of the building and with a condenser located in the battery hot water. A hot water pressure line and a hot water supply line to the hot water supply are connected to the hot water accumulator, as well as direct and return pipes of CO with shut-off valves, temperature control valves in front of each radiator in the building's premises, as well as with an air vent at the top of the CO. The cold water accumulator is equipped with an automatic direct-acting level control valve, which is connected to the pressure line of the water supply system, and a direct-acting automatic temperature control valve, which is connected to the line for discharging water from the cold water accumulator. The air conditioning and ventilation system contains air ducts combined in a first collector communicating with a lower end to a room where a cold water accumulator is located and a second collector also communicating with a lower end to a room with a cold water accumulator and the upper one connected to a reversing fan connected to the outside air . The air conditioning system also includes a line for additional cooling of the premises, leading water from the cold water accumulator to the return CO line, and again from the direct CO line to the cold water accumulator, this line also contains a circulation pump and at least two taps. The system for recycling secondary heat resources in the form of heat from ventilation emissions includes a ventilation system and a cold water accumulator, and for heat recovery from sewage effluents, it contains a prefabricated sewage riser connected to a sealed duct welded to the walls of the cold water accumulator. In turn, a pipe leading to the nearest well of the sewage system adjoins the duct outlet, and the cross sections of the duct and pipe are several times larger than necessary for the discharge of liquid effluents to allow free circulation of moist and warm air from the sewage system in the duct.

The technical result of the utility model is that the number of circuit elements is reduced, the installation of several VTs and their reversal is not required, there are no bulky tubular heat exchangers, heat exchange circuits with subsoil water and soil, several circulation pumps, complex electronic automation, etc.

The thermal efficiency of the TST is enhanced by a set of individually known features combined in the device:

- the evaporator and the condenser TH are located in the capacitive heat exchangers

- accumulators of cold and hot water of a large enough volume to maximally compensate for the variability of modes and provide the most economical operating mode of VT;

- heating and domestic hot water systems to increase reliability are connected to one heat-insulated hot water accumulator that heats the bathroom year-round (and, possibly, the pool);

- the accumulator of cold water coming from its own well or from the water supply network is located in the basement below the level of freezing of the soil and has a flattened shape for a larger area of heat transfer from the soil - to water and from the exhaust ventilation system pumped through the cellar to the water for disposal heat in winter before discharge to the outside;

- air conditioning (cooling and humidification in summer) of the air supplied from the outside by the fan also comes from contact with the cold water accumulator, but with reverse air movement along the same path due to the reversal of the rotation of the axial fan and the circulation of the ventilation system from the exhaust to the supply;

- additional cooling of the building and heating of the cold water accumulator in the summer, if necessary, can be achieved by pumping cold water out of it through CO and back with an auxiliary circulation pump;

- the sewage heat recovery system contains a welded sealed stainless steel box encircling the walls of the cold water accumulator, while the warm air freely flowing from the nearest well of the sewage system, along with its own drains in the building, transfers its heat to the water through the wall of the cold water accumulator, a significant amount of heat is transferred due to the condensation of saturated water vapor contained in this air, therefore, its volume decreases, and continuous e warm and humid air from the downstream sewer system to the walls of the accumulator of cold water;

- if in winter at peak loads the cold water accumulator cools down in spite of the heat inflows listed, the simplest automatic mechanical temperature control valve with direct action, like a thermostat in a car, opens a drain line for chilled water by gravity into the second (discharge) well, or into storm sewers, and an automatic mechanical valve-regulator of the level in the cold water accumulator, similar to that which acts in the toilet tank, opens the pressure line for the entry of warmer water from the first (pressure) wells or from a water supply system.

The volume of the cold water accumulator, as well as its temperature, the more, the better, because then the temperature stability of the VT is more stable, and the energy efficiency is higher.

Estimation of the minimum cold water accumulator.

We take the dimensions of a two-story residential building: length 10 m, width 7 m, height 6 m, then its volume is 420 cubic meters. m, the calculated thermal power of СО during frost (-30) ° C is 8400 kcal / h or ~ 10 kW. If with such maximum thermal power, heat is taken from a cold water accumulator with an initial water temperature of 12 ° C to a temperature of 0 ° C during the day without supplying heat from outside, a water volume of about 16 m ^{3 is} required, which is placed with a reserve in a flattened tank with dimensions 6 * 6 * 0.5 m, i.e. within the basement of this house. With an average heat load of the heating season, which is at least half the estimated - i.e. maximum, and taking into account the heat input from the electric drives of the VT and the fan, from the continuous utilization of air heat during ventilation, from liquid effluents, from warm moist air from the sewage system and the intake of soil heat, which is also stored in the summer cold water contact zone time, its subcooling below 0 ° C is unlikely, i.e. draining supercooled water, replacing it with warmer, almost no need.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by an illustration, where Fig. 1 shows a section of a building and the main elements of the TST.

The heat pump system for heat and cold supply of buildings contains three blocks: a heating system and hot water supply; ventilation and air conditioning system; recycling system of secondary heat resources in the form of waste heat from ventilation emissions and sewage.

As shown in figure 1, the heating system (CO) and hot water supply (DHW) contains a heat pump 1 (VT) with an evaporator 2 in the cold water accumulator 3, which is a flat-shaped stainless metal container without a cover, located in the basement of the building below level of freezing of soil in winter and the bottom is in close contact with moistened soil. The condenser 4 is located in the hot water accumulator 5, to which the pressure line of the water supply pipe 6 and the hot water supply line 7 to the hot water supply are connected, as well as direct 8 and return 9 of the CO pipe with shut-off valves 10 and direct-acting control valves 11 installed in front of each a radiator in the premises of the building, which regulate the temperature in the rooms, as well as with an air vent 12. The cold water accumulator 3 is equipped with two normally closed automatic valves of direct action: an automatic valve 13 - a level regulator that connects inen with a pressure line of the water supply system, as well as an automatic valve 14 - temperature regulator. An automatic valve 13 is connected to the pressure line of the water supply 6, and an automatic valve 14, similar to a car thermostat, is connected to a discharge pipe leading either to a pressureless well of its own water supply system or to a storm sewer.

The air conditioning and ventilation system contains air ducts 15 from the rooms, combined into a first collector 16 communicating with the lower end to the room where the cold water accumulator 3 is located, and a second collector 17 also communicating with the lower end to the same room and the upper connected to the reversing fan 18 associated with outdoor air.

The system for recycling secondary heat resources in the form of waste heat from ventilation emissions includes the entire ventilation system described above and the cold water accumulator 3 itself; and for heat recovery of sewage drains, it contains a prefabricated riser of building 19 connected to an airtight duct 20 welded to the walls of the cold water accumulator 3, and pipe 21 adjoins the outlet of duct 20 leading to the nearest sewer well (not shown conventionally in the figure). The cross sections of the duct 20 and the pipe 21 are selected several times larger than necessary for the withdrawal of liquid effluents to allow free circulation of moist and warm air from the sewage system in the duct 20.

The air conditioning system also includes an additional room cooling line 22 leading from the cold water accumulator 3 to the CO return line 9, and from the straight line 8 again to the cold water accumulator 3. This line contains a circulation pump 23 and taps 24.

The work of the TST is as follows.

Sources of low-grade heat for VT 1 are the heat of the soil, air from the ventilation system, own wastewater, and air from the sewer system.

Through the open surface of the water, air heat is supplied all year round from the ventilation system, which mainly works as an exhaust system, and in the summer, due to the reversal of the fan 18, it becomes supply air and also performs conditioning - cooling and humidification - of the air before being supplied to the premises.

Heat is supplied through the wall of the cold water accumulator 3 both from the building’s own sewage and from air and water vapor from the sewage system.

The heat of the circulating water from CO when opening the taps 24 on line 22 and turning on the pump 23 in hot weather enters directly into the water volume of the cold water accumulator 3. In winter, in the event of an accident and shutdown of the VT, line 22 serves to circulate the water in CO and prevent its freezing until correction malfunctions.

During operation of VT 1, evaporator 2 draws heat from the water in the cold water accumulator 3, lowering its temperature. In the case of cooling the entire volume of water below a predetermined temperature of + 2 ° C, an automatic valve 14 opens, draining the chilled water into a second, pressureless well of its own water supply or into storm sewers. A drop in the water level in the tank triggers an automatic valve 13, which is connected to the water supply line 6 from the first (pressure) well or from the water supply. Such a device of a cold water accumulator 3 increases the reliability of the TST, reduces the energy consumption for the circulation of the “cold” coolant and the construction capital costs (there are no circulation circuits and heat exchangers in the groundwater supply and drain wells).

High potential heat is accumulated in a cylinder-type water heater - hot water accumulator 5, in this example under pressure from the water supply network, into which heat is transferred from the condenser 4 of the operating VT 1.

It is possible to design a hot water accumulator 5 under a lower pressure, depending only on the height of the convective heating system, filled and replenished periodically, but with a coil placed in the hot water accumulator 5 for instantaneous heating of water that is under the pressure of the water supply and does not mix with the heating system water .

During the heating season, the main heat consumer is СО with natural (convective), as in the considered example, circulation (circulation can be forced). The filling of the system with water and the discharge of the air released during heating of the water occurs due to the action of the air vent 12, which is installed at the upper point of the CO and performs the release of air from the CO, but does not release water. The consumption of DHW water from line 7 (in this example, this water is common with the heating system mains water) causes an influx of cold water from the water supply along line 6 and a decrease in temperature in the hot water accumulator 5, which is regulated by automatically turning on / off the electric drive (in Fig. (not shown) in VT 1. Room temperature control is provided by automatic valves 11 in front of radiators, the setpoints of which are set to the desired room temperature.

This design of the hot water battery 5 for CO and DHW increases the efficiency of heat supply and reduces the cost of equipment.

The system of recycling secondary heat resources in the form of exhaust heat from ventilation emissions works when exhaust ventilation is turned on: air from the upper part of each room through channels 15 goes to the first collector 16, which leads the exhaust air to the cold water accumulator 3 open above, where the air transfers heat directly to the water spreading over its entire surface. The second collector 17 takes the cooled air from the room where the cold water accumulator 3 is installed, brings it to the fan 18, and it is discharged into the atmosphere. This design of the system provides a fairly intense heat transfer and does not require the installation of expensive heat exchangers.

The same system in the summer can serve as an air conditioner-air cooler, while the fan 18 must be axial and reversible. The reversal of the air flow means that the ventilation becomes supply, it cools and moisturizes the air when the cold water accumulator 3 passes over cold water, and then it is supplied to the living quarters. At the same time, the cooling of the outside air heats the water in the cold water accumulator 3, i.e. increases the effectiveness of TST.

An additional conditioning device in hot weather is a pumping line 22 with an auxiliary pump 23 through pipes 9 and 8 and all the CO of cold water from the cold water accumulator 3 with a return to it. In this mode, shut-off valves 10 are closed and valves 24 are open, and direct-acting control valves 11 in front of the radiators are set to the maximum temperature, i.e. fully open. Simultaneously with the cooling of the rooms, heat accumulates in the cold water accumulator 3, therefore, this device gives an increase in the efficiency of the TST. Line 22 is used only in the air cooling mode in the building, or in an emergency to prevent freezing of CO.

The heat recovery of sewage collected in the riser 19 occurs as they move in a welded sealed stainless steel duct 20 encircling all the walls of the cold water accumulator 3. A pipe 21 is attached to the outlet of the duct 20 leading to the well of the sewer system. The bore sections 20 and pipes 21 are taken with a large margin, so warm air from the sewage system freely rises into the box and, along with liquid fractions, transfers its heat through the walls of the battery 3 to cold water. A significant amount of heat is transferred due to condensation on the walls of the cold water accumulator 3 of saturated water vapor contained in the air of the sewage system. Cooled and dried air has a smaller volume and a higher density, therefore it flows back into the sewage system, and in its place comes heated and moist - the effect of a “heat pipe” arises.

This embodiment of the liquid waste heat recovery system utilizes more waste heat than in the known standard analogues due to the involvement of moist air from the downstream sewage system, i.e. virtually unlimited source of heat. At the same time, installation and maintenance of expensive heat exchangers is not required, which means that the construction cost is reduced and the operation of the TST is simplified.

Claims (1)

A heat pump system for heat and cold supply of a building, including a heat pump, heat accumulators, a heating and hot water supply system, an air conditioning and ventilation system, and a system for recycling secondary heat resources in the form of waste heat from ventilation emissions and sewage, characterized in that: - the heating system (CO) and hot water supply (DHW) contains a heat pump with an evaporator installed in the cold water accumulator, which is a flat-shaped stainless steel metal container without a lid that bottom contacts the ground in the basement of the building, and with a condenser located in the battery hot water, in turn, the hot water pressure line and the hot water supply line to the hot water supply are connected to the hot water accumulator, as well as the direct and return pipes of CO with shut-off taps, control valves t temperature in front of each radiator in the premises of the building, as well as with an air vent at the top of the CO, moreover, the cold water accumulator is equipped with an automatic direct-level control valve that is connected to the pressure line of the water supply system and an automatic direct temperature control valve that is connected to the line discharge of water from the cold water accumulator; - the air conditioning and ventilation system comprises air ducts combined in a first collector communicating with a lower end to a room where a cold water accumulator is located and a second collector also communicating with a lower end to a room with a cold water accumulator and the upper one connected to a reversing fan connected to an external by air; the air conditioning system also includes a line for additional cooling of the premises, leading water from the cold water accumulator to the return line CO, and again from the direct line CO to the cold water accumulator, this line also contains a circulation pump and at least two taps; - the system for recycling secondary heat resources in the form of heat from ventilation emissions includes a ventilation system and a cold water accumulator, and for utilizing the heat of sewage drains, it contains a prefabricated sewage riser connected to a sealed duct welded to the walls of the cold water accumulator, in turn to the outlet of the duct adjacent to the pipe leading to the nearest well of the sewage system, and the cross-sections of the duct and pipe are several times larger than necessary for the withdrawal of liquid effluents for possible free circulation in the duct of moist and warm air from the sewage system.

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