RU107886U1 - COMBINED SOIL PROCESSING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Combined tillage unit containing horizontal and vertical frames, a finishing drum, tooth harrows, a hitch system, characterized in that the horizontal frame is made of four longitudinally directed bars, from the bottom of which three scrapers are welded in the transverse plane, made of metal squares with a height of 70 mm while two scrapers are installed on the edges of the bars, and one in the middle, forming two sections for grinding soil lumps and leveling the surface to be treated. ! 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the finishing drum is attached to a horizontal frame with a gap of 50 ... 80 mm with the possibility of rotation around its axis and movement in horizontal and vertical planes, while the drum is equipped with a clamping spring. ! 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the tooth harrows are pivotally mounted to a vertical frame with the possibility of movement in a vertical plane, while segment knives are attached to the teeth of the harrows.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to combined tillage units used to prepare soil for sowing and can be used to grind large soil blocks and lumps with leveling the soil surface and removing plant debris from the surface of the field in farms and peasant farms.

State of the art

When plowing moderate and heavy soils, large soil blocks and an uneven field surface are formed, which impede the use of modern seeder units. To prepare such soils for sowing winter crops, they make 3 ... 5 passes with heavy disc harrows and two - three times cultivating treatment. When sowing spring crops, the irregular surface of the field is leveled with plumes, the use of which leads to the displacement of a large volume of soil and its significant desiccation, and then two-time cultivation of the soil is carried out to a depth of 16 ... 20 cm, which involves a large soil layer in the treatment and leads to increased traction resistance , TCM costs and labor costs. According to the requirements of agricultural technology, the soil before sowing must be treated to a depth of planting seeds of 3 ... 5 cm.

Therefore, the main task of modern tillage and sowing is to maximize the combination of technological operations in order to increase productivity, quality of work, reduce energy and labor costs (tillage and sowing consumes up to 30% of energy and 15% of labor costs of the total cost of cultivating agricultural cultures).

In this regard, to prepare the soil for sowing, it is necessary to use combined tillage units.

Known combined tillage unit, consisting of a frame, a hitch, support wheels, a mechanism for regulating the depth of processing, disk batteries, flat-cut legs, wedge rollers and cylindrical rollers with turns, equipped with teeth [1].

The disadvantages of the known combined tillage unit include low productivity, high metal capacity, high traction resistance, high fuel consumption and insufficient grinding of the upper soil layer.

Known combined unit (RVK-3.0), consisting of a frame, spring paws, ring-spur rollers, leveling device and support wheels [2].

The disadvantages of the known combined unit include low productivity, deep tillage up to 15 cm, high traction resistance, high energy consumption of the tillage process, high fuel consumption, insufficient grinding of the upper soil layer.

Known combined unit KL-4, consisting of a two-beam frame, elastic struts, lancet paws, tooth harrows and support wheels [3].

The disadvantages of the known combined unit include deep tillage up to 16 ... 25 cm, high traction resistance, insufficient grinding and leveling of the field surface, high consumption of FCM.

The closest in technical and achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a combined unit based on disc harrows, consisting of a frame, coupler, scoop discs, needle and angle levelers, support wheels [4].

The disadvantages of the known combined unit include insufficient grinding and leveling of the field surface, high traction resistance and TCM costs.

To reduce the energy consumption of the process and improve the quality of preparation of medium and heavy loamy soils for sowing, it is necessary to develop a combined soil cultivating unit consisting of a frame, scrapers, a finishing drum and tooth harrows with knives, which allows preparing the soil to the depth of sowing seeds with grinding soil blocks and lumps with leveling the surface soil and weed removal.

Utility Model Disclosures

The objective of the utility model is to improve the quality of soil preparation when sowing winter crops by simultaneously grinding the soil blocks and lumps with leveling the cultivated surface, and when sowing spring crops by leveling the cultivated surface with cultivating cultivation of the soil.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is reduced to preparing the soil for sowing in one pass of the unit, preserving soil moisture, increasing productivity, reducing traction resistance and the consumption of fuel and lubricants.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the combined tillage unit contains horizontal and vertical frames, scrapers, a finishing drum, tooth harrows with knives.

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The proposed design includes a horizontal frame made of four longitudinally directed bars, from the bottom of which three scrapers are welded in the transverse plane, made of metal squares with a height of 70 mm, while two scrapers are installed at the edges of the bars, and one in the middle, forming two sections for grinding soil lumps and leveling the treated surface.

The finishing drum is attached to a horizontal frame with a gap of 50 ... 80 mm with the possibility of rotation around its axis and movement in horizontal and vertical planes, while the drum is equipped with a clamping spring.

Tooth harrows are pivotally mounted to a vertical frame with the ability to move in a vertical plane, while segmented knives are attached to the teeth.

Thanks to such a design of the combined tillage unit, the quality indicators of soil preparation for sowing are improved: soil blocks and lumps are crushed, the cultivated surface is leveled, weed vegetation is removed and the soil is prepared to the depth of seed sowing.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a combined tillage unit, side view and top view.

Utility Model Implementation

The combined soil cultivating unit shown in Fig. 1 consists of a horizontal frame made of four longitudinally directed bars 1, from the bottom of which three scrapers 2 are welded in the transverse plane, made of metal squares 70 mm high (selected constructively for preparing the soil to the depth of sowing seeds), while two scrapers 2 are installed on the edges of the bars 1, and one in the middle, forming two sections for grinding soil lumps and leveling the surface to be treated.

To the rear of the horizontal frame there is a finishing drum 3, which is attached to the frame with a gap of 50 ... 80 mm with the possibility of rotation around its axis and movement in horizontal and vertical planes.

The shaft 4 of the finishing drum 3 is mounted in bearings 5, the housings of which are fastened firmly to the brackets by means of bolted connections (not shown in FIG.). The brackets 6 are pivotally connected to eyelets 7, mounted vertically on both sides, by means of bolts (not shown). side bars 1 and rigidly attached to them. On the brackets 6 there are holes (not shown in FIG.) For adjusting the gap between the finishing drum 3 and the rear scraper 2 within 50 ... 80 mm to improve the quality of grinding of soil lumps (selected structurally depending on the type of soil and its moisture).

Behind the finishing drum 3, tooth harrows 8 are installed, segmented knives 9 are attached to the teeth of the teeth. The front part of the tooth harrows 8 are pivotally attached to the lower part of the vertical frame 10, and its rear part is connected via the chain 11 to the upper part of the vertical frame 10. The vertical frame 10 by horizontal jumpers 12, vertical posts 13 and braces 14 is rigidly connected to the bars 1.

To improve the adhesion of the finishing drum with the soil surface 15, the finishing drum is equipped with clamping springs 16, vertically mounted between the horizontal lateral jumpers 12 and the brackets 6.

In the middle of the front of the horizontal frame, a hitch 17 is installed, which, by means of the strut 18, braces 19 and 20, ensures the rigidity of the hitch system.

Before starting work, the machine operator conducts the following preparatory work:

1. Lowers the unit to the ground;

2. Release clamps 21 and bring tooth harrows 8 to horizontal position;

3. Sets the tilt angle of the implement in the vertical plane equal to 5 ... 7 °, adjusting the central link of the tractor hitch system. Due to this, the front scraper 2 rises, and the rear scraper 2 and the tooth harrows 8 are lowered, which makes it possible to layer-by-layer soil removal.

Combined tillage unit operates as follows.

A tractor (not shown in Fig.) With a hinged unit drives into the field for pre-sowing tillage. Soil cultivation is carried out across or diagonally on a plowed field at elevated tractor speeds of 8 ... 12 km / h. At the same time, the front scraper 2 striking against soil blocks breaks them up and the soil lumps fill the sections formed by transverse scrapers 2. Inside the section, the soil lumps are crushed and abraded, crushed and evenly distributed over the surface of the field 15, filling the furrows and leveling the cultivated soil surface. The main soil fraction leaving the sections passes through the gap between the rear scraper 2 and the finishing drum 3, which further crushes the soil lumps. Part of the mass of the unit is distributed on the finishing drum 3 and creates the pressure necessary for additional breakdown, and for leveling the surface of the soil. When encountering difficult obstacles, the finishing drum 3 rises, compressing the clamping springs 16 and, having overcome them, is lowered.

Dental harrows determine the final appearance of the seed surface both from above and in depth, providing further breaking and scattering of soil lumps, leveling the surface of the field 15, destroying and removing weed vegetation with knives 9.

After finishing work on preparing the soil for sowing, the tooth harrows are raised and hung on a vertical frame 10 and fixed to it by means of clamps 21.

An experimental sample of the combined soil cultivating unit was manufactured and tested at the industrial-industrial complex of the Federal State Educational Establishment of Higher Professional Education “Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural Academy named after V.M. Kokova ”and showed high quality soil preparation, both when sowing winter and spring crops.

The proposed design in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the following advantages.

- simplicity of design;

- the ability to simultaneously grind soil blocks and lumps with leveling the surface of the soil and removing weeds;

- high quality soil preparation for sowing;

- the ability to reduce TCM costs, by combining several operations in preparing the soil for sowing, in one pass of the unit;

- does not require the manufacture of expensive nodes and parts;

- fewer tractors are required to prepare the soil for sowing.

Information sources

1. Pat. 21010198 Russian Federation IPC 7 A01B 49/02. Combined tillage unit / VB Rykov, V.I. Taranin - publ. 08/20/2003, bull. Number 23.

2. Demidov G.K. Fundamentals of the management of agricultural machinery / G.K. Demidov. -M .: Kolos, 1982, S.156 ... 157.

3. Vasiliev V.V. Creation of a new generation of tillage machines / V.V. Vasiliev, V.N. Zvolsky // Tractors and agricultural machines, 2003, No. 11, p.12 ... 13.

4. Aniskin V.I. Competitiveness of new tillage equipment / V.I. Aniskin, V.M. Kryazhkov, I.A. Dolgov, E.N. Fattakhov, N.K. Mazitov /// Tractors and agricultural machines, 2003, No. 2, p. 18 ...twenty.

Claims (3)

1. Combined tillage unit containing horizontal and vertical frames, a finishing drum, tooth harrows, a hitch system, characterized in that the horizontal frame is made of four longitudinally directed bars, from the bottom of which three scrapers are welded in the transverse plane, made of metal squares with a height of 70 mm while two scrapers are installed on the edges of the bars, and one in the middle, forming two sections for grinding soil lumps and leveling the surface to be treated. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the finishing drum is attached to a horizontal frame with a gap of 50 ... 80 mm with the possibility of rotation around its axis and movement in horizontal and vertical planes, while the drum is equipped with a clamping spring. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the tooth harrows are pivotally mounted to a vertical frame with the possibility of movement in a vertical plane, while segment knives are attached to the teeth of the harrows.